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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 May 2012
Sitka spruce produces twice as many needles per linear inch of twig as western hemlock. Defoliation by the black-headed budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.), is more severe on hemlock than spruce because of differences in the phenological development of the hosts and in the feeding behavior of first- and second-instar larvae on each of the hosts.