Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T19:31:33.394Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH PHEROMONE TRAPS FOR MONITORING SPRUCE BUDWORM POPULATIONS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Mark W. Houseweart
Affiliation:
Cooperative Forestry Research Unit, School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono 04469
Daniel T. Jennings
Affiliation:
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, University of Maine, Orono 04469
C. J. Sanders
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 5M7

Abstract

The effects of three trap variables (age, saturation, and density) on catches of male spruce budworm moths were tested using Pherocon 1CP® traps baited with synthetic sex attractant in high-density budworm populations in Maine and low-density populations in Ontario. As trap age increased, the number of moths captured decreased significantly; traps aged 2, 10, and 16 days caught an average of 5.4, 28, and 27% fewer moths than unaged traps. Traps functionally saturate and trapping efficiency diminishes in both high and low density populations after ca. 50 moths are caught, although maximum observed catch was 193 moths/day. Density or spacing of traps also affects trap efficiency. Traps spaced 5 m apart may act as a single attraction source. Interference between traps was evident for traps spaced 10, 20, and 30 m apart, while traps spaced at 40 m had the least interference. However, interference at all spacings was noted during peak moth flight in 1978 when mean catch was ca. 140 moths/trap/day.

Pherocon 1CP traps can be used for detecting and monitoring spruce budworm populations; however, influences of trap age, timing of trap placement, trap saturation, spacing of traps, and lure strength should be taken into account.

Résumé

On a évalué les effets de trois facteurs (âge, saturation et densité des pièges) sur les captures de papillons mâles de tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette au moyen de pièges Pherocon 1CP® appâtés d’attractif sexuel synthétique et installés dans des populations à forte et faible densité dans le Maine et en Ontario respectivement. Le nombre de captures diminue significativement avec l’âge des pièges, ceux âgés de 2, 10 et 16 jours capturant en moyenne 5, 4, 28 et 27% respectivement moins de papillons que les nouveaux pièges. Leur fonctionnement atteint un point de saturation, de sorte que l’efficacité du piégeage diminue dans les deux types de population après la capture d’environ 50 sujets, bien qu’on ait observé un maximum de 193 papillons par jour. La densité ou l’espacement des pièces influe également sur leur efficacité. Ceux espacés de 5 m peuvent se ramener à une seule source d’attraction, alors que ceux espacés de 10, 20 et 30 m donnent lieu à de l’interférence, la plus faible interférence étant le fait d’un espacement de 40 m. Mais tous les espacements ont provoqué de l’interférence au cours de la période de pointe de l’envol de 1978, les captures moyennes atteignant alors environ 140 papillons/piège/jour.

Les pièges Pherocon 1CP peuvent servir à détecter et à contrôler les populations de tordeuse, mais il faudrait tenir compte de l’âge, de l’époque d’installation, de la saturation, de l’espacement et de l’intensité d’attraction des pièges.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Miller, C. A. and McDougall, G. A.. 1973. Spruce budworm moth trapping using virgin females. Can. J. Zool. 51: 853858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riedl, H. 1980. The importance of pheromone trap density and trap maintenance for the development of standardized monitoring procedures for the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 112: 655663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, C. J. 1978. Evaluation of sex attractant traps for monitoring spruce budworm populations (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 110: 4350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, C. J. and Weatherston, J.. 1976. Sex pheromone of the eastern spruce budworm (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae): optimum blend of trans- and cis-11-tetradecenal. Can. Ent. 108: 12851290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorey, H. H., Gaston, L. K., and Jefferson, R. N.. 1968. Insect sex pheromones. Adv. Pest Control Res. 8: 57126.Google ScholarPubMed
Weatherston, J., Roelofs, W., Comeau, A., and Sanders, C. J.. 1971. Studies of physiologically active arthropod secretions. X. Sex pheromone of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 103: 17411747.CrossRefGoogle Scholar