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SURVIVAL AND MULTIPLICATION OF STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES AT SIMULATED AND ACTUAL WINTER TEMPERATURES1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

P.G. Fields  and
N.D.G. White
P.G. Fields
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
N.D.G. White
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
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Abstract

Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) were gradually exposed to falling temperatures in the laboratory, simulating conditions in the centre of a 12- or 6-m-diameter granary containing wheat. Two years of overwintering mortality for C. ferrugineus and R. dominica were obtained from 11–13 farm granaries (40–100 t wheat). Cryptolestes ferrugineus (adults) was the most cold hardy species among the beetles tested. In the laboratory, survival was 40% at 25 °C declining to 10 °C over10 months, whereas at 25 °C declining to 0 °C over 10 months survival was 7%. Cryptolestes pusillus and T. castaneum did not survive once temperatures were below 10 °C, and R. dominica adults did not survive temperatures below 3 °C. In the field, there was no survival of C. ferrugineus in granaries that had February temperatures of −6.7 °C or lower. Six-week exposure to −10 °C killed most C. ferrugineus adults taken from granaries in February. Cryptolestes ferrugineus caught in granaries were more cold hardy than laboratory-reared strains. No T. castaneum or R. dominica survived an entire winter in granaries in the 2 years tested. Although C. pusillus was not tested in the granaries, it is unlikely it could survive the winter, as it had the same level of cold tolerance as T. castaneum in the laboratory. The implications for the population dynamics of these pest species in prairie grain are discussed.

Résumé

Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) et Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) ont été exposés à des températures progressivement plus froides dans un laboratoire simulant les conditions qui prévalent au centre d’un silo à grains de 12 ou 6 m de diamètre contenant du blé. Les résultats sur la mortalité de C. ferrugineus et de R. dominica pendant deux hivers ont été obtenus dans 11 à 13 silos à grains (40–100 t de blé). L’espèce C. ferrugineus (les adultes) s’est révélée la plus résistante au froid parmi toutes les espèces étudiées. En laboratoire, la survie a été estimée à 40% à une température graduellement descendante de 25 à 10 °C en 10 mois, et à 7% à une température graduellement descendante de 25 à 0 °C en 10 mois. Cryptolestes pusillus et T. castaneum n’ont pas survécu aux températures inférieures à 10 °C, et les adultes de R. dominica n’ont pas survécu aux températures inférieures à 3 °C. Sur le terrain, aucun C. ferrugineus n’a survécu dans les silos où les températures en février étaient égales ou inférieures à −6,7 °C. Une exposition de 6 semaines à une température de −10 °C a tué presque tous les adultes de C. ferrugineus recueillis dans les silos en février. Les C. ferrugineus capturés dans les silos étaient plus résistants au froid que les souches élevées en laboratoire. Aucun T. castaneum ou R. dominica n’a survécu tout un hiver dans les silos au cours des 2 années de l’étude. Bien que nous n’ayons pas fait de tests sur C. pusillus dans les silos, il est peu probable que l’espèce puisse survivre à l’hiver puisque son seuil de tolérance au froid s’est avéré égal à celui de T. castaneum en laboratoire. La dynamique des populations de ces espèces dans les silos à grains des prairies est examinée à la lumière de ces résultats.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 129 , Issue 5 , October 1997 , pp. 887 - 898
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

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