Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:07:49.875Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

SPATIAL PATTERNS OF AND SAMPLING METHODS FOR WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) ON GREENHOUSE SWEET PEPPER

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.L. Shipp  and
N. Zariffa
J.L. Shipp
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Harrow, Ontario, Canada N0R 1G0
N. Zariffa
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Harrow, Ontario, Canada N0R 1G0
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Intra- and inter-plant spatial patterns were determined for adult and immature western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), on greenhouse sweet pepper at two commercial greenhouses using five sampling methods. The population density of the thrips was monitored biweekly for 4 months from May to August using blue sticky-traps, plant tappings, blossoms, plant leaves, and whole plants. The intra-plant spatial patterns of adult and immature populations of F. occidentalis were aggregated with the majority of the thrips collected from the top one-third of the plant. The inter-plant spatial patterns also were aggregated. The aggregation cluster for the adult thrips was at least three plants in size, although it was surmised to be at the individual plant level for immature F. occidentalis. The accuracy of the blue sticky-trap, plant tapping, blossom, and leaf samples was determined for monitoring the population densities of adult and immature thrips throughout the growing season. It was shown that leaves should be sampled from the middle section of the sweet pepper plant when using this sampling method. A precision-level sampling program was proposed for monitoring adult F. occidentalis on greenhouse sweet pepper. Sampling blossoms was the most cost-effective sampling method based upon time and number of samples for a specific precision level.

Résumé

Cinq méthodes d’échantillonnage ont servi au cours d’une étude de la répartition spatiale, sur divers plants et sur un même plant, des adultes et des immatures du Thrips des petits fruits, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), sur les poivrons verts de deux serres commerciales. La densité des populations de thrips a été évaluée deux fois par semaine durant 4 mois, soit de mai à août, par installation de pièges collants bleus, par frappement des plants et par récolte sur les fleurs, les feuilles et la plante entière. La répartition spatiale des adultes et des immatures de F. occidentalis sur un plant s’est avérée contagieuse et la majorité des insectes ont été récoltés dans le tiers supérieur de chaque plant. La répartition inter-plants était également contagieuse. Les groupes d’adultes occupaient au moins trois plants à la fois, mais on soupçonne que les immatures se regroupaient sur un seul plant. L’efficacité de chacune des méthodes d’échantillonnage (pièges collants, frappement des plants, récolte sur les fleurs, récolte sur les feuilles) pour mesurer la densité des populations de thrips adultes et immatures durant toute la saison de croissance a été évaluée. Les résultats ont révélé qu’il faut échantillonner les feuilles de la section médiane de chaque plant lorsqu’on utilise la méthode de récolte sur les feuilles. Un programme d’échantillonnage précis est proposé pour évaluer les populations d’adultes de F. occidentalis sur les poivrons verts de serre. C’est l’échantillonnage des fleurs qui offre le meilleur rapport efficacité-coût lorsqu’on tient compte du temps et du nombre d’échantillons requis pour atteindre un niveau de précision spécifique.

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 123 , Issue 5 , October 1991 , pp. 989 - 1000
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anonymous. 1988. Growing greenhouse vegetables. Ont. Ministry Agric. Food. Publ. 526. 54 pp.Google Scholar
Bechinski, E.J., and Pedigo, L.P.. 1982. Evaluation of methods for sampling predatory arthropods in soybeans. Environ. Ent. 11: 756–761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binns, M.R., and Bostonian, N.J.. 1990. Robustness in empirically based binomial decision rules for integrated pest management. J. econ. Ent. 83: 420–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillespie, D.R., and Vernon, R.S.. 1990. Trap catch of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as affected by colour and height of sticky traps in mature greenhouse cucumber crops. J. econ. Ent. 83: 971–975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, V.P., and Parrella, M.P.. 1986. Development of sampling strategies for larvae of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in chrysanthemums. Environ. Ent. 15: 268–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karandinos, M.G. 1976. Optimum sample size and comments on some published formulae. Bull. ent. Soc. Am. 22: 417–421.Google Scholar
Klerk, M-L. de, and Ramakers, P.M.J.. 1986. Monitoring population densities of the phytoseiid predator Amblyseius cucumeris and its prey after large scale introductions to control Thrips tabaci on sweet pepper. Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv. Gent. 51: 1045–1048.Google Scholar
Lewis, T. 1973. Thrips their Biology, Ecology and Economic Importance. Academic Press, New York, NY. 349 pp.Google Scholar
Nachman, G. 1984. Estimates of mean population density and spatial distribution of Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) based upon the proportion of empty sampling units. J. appl. Ecol. 21: 903–913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickett, C.H., Wilson, L.T., and Gonzalez, D.. 1988. Population dynamics and within-plant distribution of the western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an early-season predator for spider mites infesting cotton. Environ. Ent. 17: 551–559.Google Scholar
Ruesink, W.G. 1980. Introduction to sampling theory. pp. 61–78 in Kogan, M., and Herzog, D.C. (Eds.), Sampling Methods in Soybean Entomology. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. 587 pp.Google Scholar
Satterthwaite, F.E. 1946. An approximate distribution of estimates of variance components. Biometrika 2: 110–114.Google ScholarPubMed
Shipp, J.L., and Whitfield, G.H.. 1991. Functional response of the predatory mite, Amblyseius cucumeris (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), on western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Environ. Ent. 20: 694–699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steiner, M.Y. 1990. Determining population characteristics and sampling procedures for the western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and the predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on greenhouse cucumber. Environ. Ent. 19: 1605–1613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, L.R. 1961. Aggregation, variance and the mean. Nature 189: 732–735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terry, L.I., and DeGrandi-Hoffman, G.. 1988. Monitoring western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in “Granny Smith” apple blossom clusters. Can. Ent. 120: 1003–1016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar