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SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT, BEHAVIOR, AND HOST SYNCHRONY OF DACNUSA DRYAS (NIXON) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) PARASITIZING THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (RONDANI) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.C. Guppy ,
F. Meloche  and
D.G. Harcourt
J.C. Guppy
Affiliation:
Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA OC6
F. Meloche
Affiliation:
Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA OC6
D.G. Harcourt
Affiliation:
Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA OC6
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Abstract

Studies in eastern Ontario showed that the exotic parasite Dacnusa dryas (Nixon) typically has three generations a year that correspond seasonally to those of its host, the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani). The mature larvae of the third generation enter diapause in September and resume development in the spring. The egg – first instar interval, which occurs within the actively feeding leafminer, developed at rates similar to those of the host larva. The remaining two instars and the pupa, which occur within the host puparium, developed at rates similar to those of the host pupa; in the two non-diapausing generations, the durations of these stages decreased with rise in temperature from 13 to 23 °C. Coincidence of wasp flight and hatch of leafminer eggs was high in all three generations. This host–parasite synchrony results mainly from a sequence of three events during their life cycles: lack of development of the parasite beyond the first instar within the host larva, a temperature-dependent rate of development of the subsequent stages which is similar to that of the host pupa, and different overwintering strategies which result in the parasite emerging later than its host to sustain the relationship. Behavior of the parasite is described in relation to host detection, egg deposition, and reproduction.

Résumé

Des études effectuées dans l’est de l’Ontario ont révélé que le parasite exotique Dacnusa dryas (Nixon) produit typiquement trois générations par année qui correspondent de façon saisonnière à celles de son hôte, l’agromyze de la luzerne Agromyza frontella (Rondani). Les larves matures de la troisième génération entrent en diapause en septembre et reprennent leur développement le printemps suivant. L’intervalle entre l’oeuf et le premier stade larvaire qui se déroule dans l’agromyze en pleine activité d’alimentation, se fait au même rythme que celui des larves hôtes. Les deux autres stades larvaires et la pupe qui se rencontrent dans le puparium de l’hôte, se développent au même rythme que ceux de la pupe hôte; dans les deux générations qui n’entrent pas en diapause, la durée de ces stades diminue avec l’élévation de température de 13 à 23 °C. La coïncidence du vol des guêpes et de l’éclosion des oeufs de l’agromyze est élevée pour les trois générations. Ce synchronisme hôte–parasite résulte principalement d’une succession de trois événements au cours de leurs cycles biologiques : l’absence de développement du parasite au-delà du premier stade larvaire de la larve hôte, un taux de développement des stades subséquents tributaire de la température (semblable à celui de la pupe hôte) et diverses stratégies d’hivernage qui font en sorte que le parasite émerge plus tard que son hôte pour maintenir la relation. Les auteurs décrivent le comportement du parasite pour ce qui est de la détection de l’hôte, de l’oviposition et de la reproduction.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 120 , Issue 2 , February 1988 , pp. 145 - 152
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

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