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PHOTOPERIODISM AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF AN APHID, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (THOMAS), IN OILSEED FLAX1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R.J. Lamb ,
I.L. Wise  and
P.A. MacKay
R.J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
I.L. Wise
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
P.A. MacKay
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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Abstract

The potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is a host-alternating species and an important pest of Canadian flax. Populations of this aphid are highest in flax when the weather is warm and dry in July. Field-plot studies show that populations of the potato aphid increase rapidly in late July and early August and decline rapidly in mid-August. In some years potato aphids die because of a fungal epizootic or drought-induced senescence of the crop, but usually these factors do not account for the population decline. Field cage studies show that the potato aphid emigrates from the crop in mid-August. The photoperiodic response of the potato aphid and resulting emigration explain the population decline in flax, which occurs in mid-August each year regardless of the growth stage of the crop, population density, or average temperature at the time of the photoperiodic cue. Male and mating female potato aphids, born at the end of August, have time to develop, mate, and lay eggs before temperatures drop below the developmental threshold. The population decline assures that farmers need not sample or control the potato aphid in flax after mid-August.

Résumé

Le Puceron de la pomme de terre, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera : Aphididae), est une espèce dioecique et un parasite important du lin au Canada. Les populations de ce puceron sont particulièrement abondantes dans le lin quand le climat est chaud et sec en juillet. Des études d’abondance dans des champs ont démontré que la densité des populations du puceron augmente rapidement à la fin de juillet et au début d’août et diminue brusquement vers la mi-août. Certaines années, les pucerons sont décimés par une épizootie fongique ou par sénescence prématurée du lin en période de sécheresse, mais généralement ces facteurs n’ont rien à voir avec le déclin des populations. Des expériences dans des cages ont démontré que les pucerons quittent les cultures de lin à la mi-août. La réaction du puceron à la photopériode et l’émigration qui en résulte expliquent le déclin des populations dans les cultures de lin, phénomène qui se produit à la mi-août chaque année, quel que soit le stade de croissance de la culture, la densité de la population ou la température moyenne au moment où survient la photopériode critique. Les mâles et les femelles sexuées reproductrices nés à la fin du mois d’août ont suffisamment de temps pour se développer, s’accoupler et pondre avant que les températures ne baissent sous le seuil critique de croissance. Le déclin des populations rend inutile l’échantillonnage et l’opération de lutte contre les pucerons dans le lin après la mi-août.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 129 , Issue 6 , December 1997 , pp. 1049 - 1058
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

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