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NATURAL MORTALITY OF THE GYPSY MOTH ALONG A GRADIENT OF INFESTATION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

V.G. Nealis ,
P.M. Roden  and
D.A. Ortiz
V.G. Nealis
Affiliation:
Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 W Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5
P.M. Roden
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, P.O. Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
D.A. Ortiz
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, P.O. Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
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Abstract

Natural mortality of gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)] eggs, larvae, and pupae was examined at several locations along a gradient of infestation in Ontario, Canada. Most mortality of eggs was the result of exposure to winter weather. This mortality was mitigated in egg masses located near ground level where they benefited from snow cover. At least six species of parasitoids were found attacking gypsy moth larvae and pupae. The most common species were present in the same rank order of abundance at all sites. Identified pathogens were also present in most sites but their relative abundance varied greatly. The mycopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) was found at all sites and usually was responsible for the highest levels of observed, single-source mortality at the site.

Résumé

La mortalité naturelle de la spongieuse, le Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae), a été étudiée au stade d’oeuf, de chenille et de chrysalide en plusieurs endroits répartis le long d’un gradient d’infestation, en Ontario (Canada). L’exposition aux basses températures hivernales était la principale cause de mortalité au stade d’oeuf. La mortalité hivernale était plus faible parmi les masses d’oeufs situées près du sol, ces dernières bénéficiant de la protection fournie par la couverture de neige. Au moins six espèces de parasitoïdes ont été observées en association avec la spongieuse aux stades larvaire et nymphal. Les espèces de parasitoïdes les plus communes ont été trouvées dans le même ordre d’abondance dans tous les sites. Des agents entomopathogènes ont également été isolés dans la majorité des sites, mais leur abondance relative fluctuait considérablement d’un endroit à l’autre. Le champignon entomopathogène Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper (Zygomycetes : Entomophthorales) était présent dans tous les sites et constituait chaque fois la principale source de mortalité.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 131 , Issue 4 , August 1999 , pp. 507 - 519
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1999

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