Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-mzp66 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-13T02:48:33.797Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lyside sulphur (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): origin and possible modes of transport of an Ontario, Canada specimen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2014

Gard W. Otis ,
M. Alex Smith  and
Jonathan Spero
Gard W. Otis*
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
M. Alex Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Jonathan Spero
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A dead lyside sulphur (Kricogonia lyside (Godart, 1819): Lepidoptera: Pieridae) was found in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, on 4 April 2011. DNA barcode analysis indicates it likely originated in Texas, United States of America or northern Mexico. The occurrence of this specimen coincided with a very strong weather system extending from southern Texas into eastern Canada on 3–4 April 2011. All possible means of it reaching Ontario are unlikely: natural dispersal, natural transportation on the jet stream, transportation on a vehicle, importation of a pupa on produce, and direct human transport. Unfortunately, there was no way to differentiate between these possibilities.

Type
Biodiversity & Evolution – NOTE
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 146 , Issue 6 , December 2014 , pp. 671 - 675
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Chris Schmidt

References

Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Schäffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., et al. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research, 25: 3389–3402.Google Scholar
Benson, D.A., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D.J., Ostell, J., and Sayers, E.W. 2011. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Research, 39: D32–D37.Google Scholar
Butterflies and moths of North America 2013. Lyside sulphur Kricogonia lyside (Godart, 1819) [online]. Available from http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Kricogonia-lyside [accessed 17 October 2013].Google Scholar
Environment Canada. 2011. Weather records [online]. Available from http://www.climate.weather.gc.ca [accessed 29 July 2013].Google Scholar
Ersts, P.J. 2013. Geographic Distance Matrix Generator (version 1.2.3). American Museum of Natural History, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation [online]. Available from http://biodiversityinformatics.amnh.org/open_source/gdmg [accessed 2 January 2013].Google Scholar
Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39: 783–791.Google Scholar
Gilbert, L.E. 1985. Ecological factors which influence migratory behavior in two butterflies of the semi-arid shrublands of South Texas. In Migration: mechanisms and adaptive significance. Contributions in Marine Science, Supplementary Volume 27, Edited by M.A. Rankin. Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, United States of America. Pp. 724–747.Google Scholar
Johnson, C.G. 1969. Migration and dispersal of insects by flight. Methuen, London, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Klots, A.B. 1951. A field guide to the butterflies of North America, east of the Great Plains. Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.Google Scholar
Nei, M. and Kumar, S. 2000. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, United States of America.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Office of Technology Assessment. 1993. Harmful non-indigenous species in the United States [online], U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-F-565. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America. Available from http://www.invasive.org/publications/9325.pdf [accessed 22 April 2013].Google Scholar
Opler, P.A. 1992. A field guide to eastern butterflies. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.Google Scholar
Opler, P.A. and Krizek, G.O. 1984. Butterflies east of the Great Plains. John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.Google Scholar
Panovich, B. 2013. What is a derecho and the great derecho of 3–4 April, 2011 [online]. Available from http://www.wxbrad.com/the-great-derecho-of-april-4-5th-2011 [accessed 29 July 2013].Google Scholar
Ratnasingham, S. and Hebert, P.D.N. 2007. BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System. Molecular Ecology Notes, 7: 355–364. (www.barcodinglife.org).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saitou, N. and Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4: 406–425.Google Scholar
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., and Kumar, S. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28: 2731–2739.Google Scholar
Unisys Weather. 2013. Available from http://weather.unisys.com [accessed 24 April 2013].Google Scholar