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IMPROVED PHEROMONE TRAP EXCLUSION OF THE BRUCE SPANWORM OPEROPHTERA BRUCEATA (HULST) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) WHEN MONITORING WINTER MOTH OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (L.) POPULATIONS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Kenneth A. Pivnick ,
Dennis L. Barton ,
Jocelyn G. Millar  and
Edward W. Underhill
Kenneth A. Pivnick
Affiliation:
Plant Biotechnology Institute, Nationat Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N OW9
Dennis L. Barton
Affiliation:
Plant Biotechnology Institute, Nationat Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N OW9
Jocelyn G. Millar
Affiliation:
Plant Biotechnology Institute, Nationat Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N OW9
Edward W. Underhill
Affiliation:
Plant Biotechnology Institute, Nationat Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N OW9
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Abstract

(Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-Nonadecatetraene is a sex pheromone that attracts males of both the winter moth Operophtera brumata (L.) and the Bruce spanworm O. bruceata (Hulst). Tests were run to maximize the specificity of a pheromone trap for the winter moth by the addition of a previously discovered Bruce spanworm male inhibitor (BSMI), (E,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene. Trap capture inhibition of O. bruceata would facilitate monitoring of winter moth as males of the two species are difficult to distinguish without dissection. Wind tunnel tests with O. bruceata males responding to the pheromone indicated that BSMI has a more potent inhibitory effect if males physically contact the compound. Field tests in an area where only O. bruceata was found demonstrated that pheromone-baited traps caught fewer O. bruceata with BSMI placed on the outside of the entrance holes than when it was placed on the inside of the trap, catching respectively 97 and 82% fewer males than traps baited with the pheromone alone. In an area where O. brumata predominated, BSMI, whether inside or outside the trap, did not affect O. brumata captures. However, O. brumata trap captures were reduced when BSMI was placed on rubber rings glued to the outside of the entrance holes to the traps even though control rings did not affect O. brumata captures. Evidence is presented indicating that hybridization is taking place between these two species where O. brumata has recently been introduced and that the response of the hybrids to the BSMI is intermediate between the two species.

Résumé

La(Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraéne est une phéromone sexuelle qui attire les mâles de l’arpenteuse tardive, Operophtera brumata (L.), et de l’arpenteuse de Bruce, O. bruceata (Hulst), Nous avons effectué des tests dans le but de rendre maximale la spécificité du piège à phéromone pour l’arpenteuse tardive, avec un inhibiteur du mâle de l’arpenteuse Bruce, la (E,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraéne (BSMI). L’inhibition des captures de O. bruceata facilite le dépistage de O. brumata : les mâles des deux espèces étant difficiles a distinguer sans dissection, Des tests effectués dans un tunnel aérodynamique avec des mâles de O. bruceata répondant à la phéromone, ont indiqué que le BSMI a un effet inhibiteur plus important lorsque les mâles entrent en contact physique avec la composante chimique. Des essais sur le terrain, dans un lieu où nous trouvons seulement O. bruceata, ont montré que les pièges à phéromone avec le BSMI placé à l’extérieur des trous d’entrée attrapent moins de O. bruceata que les pièges avec le BSMI à l’intérieur, attrapant respectivement 97 et 82% moins de mâles par rapport aux pièges à phéromone sans BSMI. Dans un autre endroit où prédomine O. brumata, le BSMI, placé à l’extérieur ou à l’intérieur du piège, n’a pas affecté la capture de ces derniers. Cependant, dans ce même site, les captures ont été réduites lorsque le BSMI était placé sur deux anneaux de caoutchouc collés à l’extérieur des deux trous d’entrée des pièges bien que les anneaux témoins n’aient pas affecté les captures de la même espèce. Nos résultats indiquent qu’il y a une hybridation entre les deux espèces, là ou O. brumata a été introduite récemment. En plus, la réponse au BSMI des hybrides mâles est intermédiaire entre la réponse des deux espèces.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 120 , Issue 4 , April 1988 , pp. 389 - 396
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

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