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THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF CANADIAN GRYLLOPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

V.R. Vickery
V.R. Vickery
Affiliation:
Emeritus Curator, Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, Macdonald College of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 1C0
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Abstract

The saltatorial orthopteroid insects did not originate in North America. Five avenues of entry were utilized in migration from other parts of the world. These were: (1) ancestral forms migrated to this region in Pangaean times when all continents formed a single land mass; (2) later in time, taxa migrated from Europe when Eurasia and North America were still joined, or later via an Atlantic land bridge; (3) ancestral forms migrated northward from the Neotropical region before the separation of the two continents or, much later, when the two continents became rejoined; (4) later arriving taxa entered North America during the Pleistocene via a Beringian land bridge; (5) some species are very recent immigrants, either because of the activities of man or by migration into Canadian territory from the south.

The fossil record is very incomplete. It indicates past climatic conditions, but is of limited assistance concerning extant taxa.

Pleistocene glaciation had a profound effect upon the distribution of extant species. Many species were forced to move southward to escape the advancing ice. Some species probably were eliminated. It is clear that most of the extant species have migrated northward since the recession of the Wisconsin glacier.

Résumé

Les insectes orthoptéroides sauteurs ne sont pas originaires de l’Amérique du Nord. Ils ont utilisé cinq voies d’accès dans leur migration en provenance d’autres parties du globe. Ce sont : (1) des formes ancestrales qui ont migré dans cette région à l’époque pangéenne, lorsque tous les continents formaient une seule masse terrestre; (2) plus tard, des taxons qui ont migré de l’Europe quand l’Eurasie et l’Amérique du Nord etaient encore réunies ou, plus tard par la voie d’un pont terrestre atlantique; (3) des formes ancestrales qui ont migré vers le nord en provenance de la région Néotropicale avant la séparation des continents américains, ou beaucoup plus tard, quand ces continents se sont réunies; (4) des taxons d’arrivée plus récente ont entrés en Amérique du Nord durant le pléistocène par la voie d’un pont terrestre béringien; (5) quelques éspèces sont d’immigration très récente soit à cause des activités de l’homme ou d’un migration vers le nord en provenance des États-Unies.

Les données fossiles sont très incomplètes. Elles indiquent des conditions climatiques anciennes, mais elles sont d’une assistance limitée en ce qui à trait aux taxons existants.

La glaciation du pléistocène a eu une influence profonde sur la répartition des éspèces existantes. Plusieurs éspèces ont du se déplacer vers le sud pour échapper à l’avance des glaces. Quelques éspèces ont probablement été éliminées. Il est clair que la plupart des éspèces existantes ont migré vers le nord durant la période qui à suivi le retrait du glacier du Wisconsin.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 121 , Issue 4-5 , April 1989 , pp. 389 - 424
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1989

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