Mr. Harrie Cavendish his Journey To and From Constantinople 1589 Fox, His Servant

doi:10.1017/S2042171000005070

Mr. Harrie Cavendish his Journey To and From Constantinople 1589 Fox, His Servant

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009

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Henry Cavendish, whose journey to Constantinople is narrated in the following manuscript, was the eldest son of Sir William Cavendish and his third wife, Elizabeth Hardwick, the celebrated 'Bess of Hardwick', who subsequently married, as her fourth husband, George Talbot, sixth earl of Shrewsbury.

Type: Research Article
Information: Camden Third Series , Volume 64 , December 1940 , pp. 1 - 29

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2042171000005070 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1940

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^{page iii note 1} 1505 ?–I557. His life is in the D.N.B.

^{page iii note 2} 1518?–1608. Her life is in the D.N.B.

^{page iii note 3} 1528?–1590.

^{page iii note 4} Journal of the Derbyshire Archaeological Society, 1907, p. 92.

^{page iii note 5} Ibid., p. 94.

^{page iii note 6} Sir William died 25 October 1557.

^{page iii note 7} Register, p. 37.

^{page iii note 8} J. Hunter, Hallamshire, p. 84.

^{page iv note 1} 1572, 1584, 1586, 1588–9, 1592–3, 1597.

^{page iv note 2} I have only been able to find two references to his work in parliament. He is mentioned as being on a committee of the house in March 1575 (Journals of the House of Commons, i. 110), and again in Dec. 1584. (Simonds D'Ewes, Journals of all the parliaments during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, p. 340.)

^{page iv note 3} Hunter, op. cit., pp. 110–11 ; Acts of the Privy Council, 1571–5, p. 335.

^{page iv note 4} F. Bickley, The Cavendish Family, p. 36; Hunter, op. cit., p. 118.

^{page iv note 6} I.e., William the Silent. Cal. S.P. Foreign, 1577–8, p. 623.

^{page iv note 6} Cal. S.P. Spanish, 1568–79, p. 577.

^{page v note 1} Cal. S.P. Foreign, 1577–8, p. 589 ; 1578–9, p. 96 ; Sidney, Letters and Memorials of State, edited by A. Collins, i. 266.

^{page v note 2} Cal. S.P. Foreign, 1578–9, p. 115.

^{page v note 3} Cal. S.P. Spanish, 1580–6, p. 578. Don John of Austria was governor of the Netherlands for Spain 1576–8.

^{page v note 4} State papers and letters of Sir Ralph Sadler, ii. 439, 490–1 ; Sir Amias Poulet, Letter books, edited by John Morris, p. 67 ; Cal. of Scottish Papers, 1584–5, p. 407 ; 1585–6, pp. 24–5, 182.

^{page v note 5} Apart from the brief record in Hakluyt of the journey of Henry Austell, who, in 1586, traversed almost the same route as Cavendish, Fox's narrative is the earliest account known to me of a journey overland to Constantinople and back made by an Englishman.

^{page v note 6} Hunter, op. cit., p. 119. He reached Constantinople on 16 June.

^{page vi note 1} 1581, 1592, 1600.

^{page vi note 2} A Richard Mallarie ‘sometime a merchant ’ is mentioned in 1599 as being involved in a scheme for making counterfeit dollars in Turkey. Cal. S.P. Dom., 1598–1601, p. 249.

^{page vi note 3} Agent 1588 to 1591 or 1593 ; ambassador 1591 (or 1593) to 1597.^{page vi note 4} S.P. 97, i. fo. 172.

^{page vi note 5} Appletree Hundred, Derbyshire. It is near to Tutbury.

^{page vi note 6} Acts of the Privy Council 1591–2, pp. 463–4, 510–11, 518–19.

^{page vii note 1} 1551–1626, created Lord Cavendish 1605, earl of Devonshire 1618.

^{page vii note 2} Bickley, op. cit., p. 27.

^{page vii note 3} E. Cooper, Life and letters of Arabella Stuart, i. 85 ; ii. 77 ; Bickley, opt cit., p. 38.

^{page vii note 4} Lennox died in 1576 and Elizabeth Cavendish in 1581–2.

^{page vii note 5} His grandmother was Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII, who had married (1) James IV of Scotland, and (2) the earl of Angus.

^{page viii note 1} The attempt to rescue Arabella was made on 10 March and Elizabeth died 24 March. For the whole episode see H.M.C., Salisbury, xii. 583–7, 689–93 ; Bradley, Arabella Stuart, i. 150–4 ; ii. 172–5.

^{page 24 note 2} Bickley, op. cit., p. 31; Cooper, Life and letters of Arabella Stuart, ii. 78. The will is printed in A. Collins, Historical collections of noble families, pp. 15–18.

^{page 24 note 3} See her letter to Cecil in H.M.C., Salisbury, xv. 44–5.

^{page ix note 1} Bradley, Arabella Stuart, i. 177–80 ; E. Lodge, Illustrations of British history, iii. 205–6.

^{page ix note 2} Bickley, op. cit., pp. 38, 61–3 ; Lodge, op. cit., iii. 351–3, 364–5.

^{page ix note 3} Cal. S.P. Dom., 1611–18, p. 426.

^{page 1 note 1} I.e. Leigh. Fynes Moryson also sailed from there.

^{page 1 note 2} Stade.

^{page 1 note 3} Hamburg.

^{page 1 note 4} Lüneburg.

^{page 1 note 5} A hut or cabin.

^{page 1 note 6} Brunswick.

^{page 1 note 7} Gifhorn.

^{page 2 note 1} Nuremburg.

^{page 2 note 2} Champaign(?)—level open country.

^{page 2 note 3} Halberstadt.

^{page 2 note 4} Hessen.

^{page 2 note 5} The duke was Henry Julius who died in 1613. His brother Philip Sigismund was bishop of Verden, and his younger son, Christian (probably the prelate referred to here), was bishop of Halberstadt (died 1626).

^{page 2 note 6} Seeburg.

^{page 2 note 7} Arnstedt near Hettstedt.

^{page 2 note 8} Sangerhausen.

^{page 2 note 9} Erfurt.

^{page 3 note 1} Waissensee.

^{page 3 note 2} This tale, associated with count Ernest III of Gleichen, who was supposed to have gone on crusade in 1288, has no historical foundation. The monument mentioned here was moved from the chapel of the Peterskloster to the cathedral of Erfurt in the nineteenth century.

^{page 3 note 3} Arnstadt.

^{page 3 note 4} Schwarzburg.

^{page 4 note 1} Ilmenau.

^{page 4 note 2} Thüringen.

^{page 4 note 3} The Henneburgs were counts and not dukes. The last count, George Ernest, who died in 1582, had married Elizabeth, daughter of the duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

^{page 4 note 4} Frauenwald.

^{page 4 note 5} A set of three.

^{page 4 note 6} Eisfeld.

^{page 4 note 7} Coburg.

^{page 4 note 8} Rattelsdorf.

^{page 4 note 9} Bamberg.

^{page 4 note 10} Forcheim.

^{page 5 note 1} I.e. scold.

^{page 5 note 2} Augsburg.

^{page 5 note 3} Roth.

^{page 5 note 4} Weissenburg.

^{page 5 note 5} Donauwörth.

^{page 5 note 6} Kaisheim.

^{page 5 note 7} Suebia.

^{page 5 note 8} The part of a boot or shoe covering the front of the foot.

^{page 5 note 9} Pyn = pyne = jack, a coat of quilted leather. Pantable = pantofle, a slipper.

^{page 6 note 1} I.e. Fuggers, the famous merchant and banking family of Augsburg.

^{page 6 note 2} Buxton, Derbyshire.

^{page 7 note 1} Falcon.

^{page 7 note 2} A game played with a large ball, something like football.

^{page 8 note 1} Venice.

^{page 8 note 2} Landsberg.

^{page 8 note 3} Rudolf IV, count of Helfenstein, died 1601.

^{page 8 note 4} Schongau.

^{page 8 note 5} Ammergau.

^{page 9 note 1} Athwart, crosswise, transversely.

^{page 9 note 2} Ettal; a Benedictine Abbey, founded 1330.

^{page 9 note 3} Partenkirchen.

^{page 9 note 4} Probably the arms of Anthony Browne, Viscount Montagu, c. 1528–92, who was sent as ambassador to the pope and Venice in 1555.

^{page 10 note 1} Seefeld.

^{page 10 note 2} The finger-prints are still shown and tablets record the miracle in twelve languages. The nobleman was Oswald Milser, the date about 1384.

^{page 10 note 3} Innsbruck.

^{page 10 note 4} Ferdinand, brother of the Emperor Maximilian II and uncle of Rudolf II.

^{page 11 note 1} These were the statues around the monument of the Emperor Maximilian I in the Franciscan church.

^{page 11 note 2} The Monday before Ascension Day, so called from the processions held on it.

^{page 11 note 3} (?) Steinach.

^{page 11 note 4} Sterzing.

^{page 11 note 5} Brixen.

^{page 11 note 6} Kollmann.

^{page 11 note 7} Bozen.

^{page 11 note 8} Salorno.

^{page 11 note 9} Persen (Italian Pergine).

^{page 11 note 10} Valsugana.

^{page 11 note 11} Primolano.

^{page 11 note 12} Tyrol.

^{page 12 note 1} Charles marquis of Burgh.

^{page 12 note 2} Castelfranco.

^{page 13 note 1} Cattaro.

^{page 13 note 2} The Venetian zecchino (chequin) was a favourite coin in the Levant. It had an exchange value in English currency of from 7s. to 9s.

^{page 13 note 3} According to the itinerary this should be the 17th.

^{page 13 note 4} Rovigno.

^{page 13 note 5} Zara.

^{page 13 note 6} Curzola.

^{page 13 note 7} Richard I was at Ragusa in Nov–Dec. 1192, and tradition asserts that he then founded the cathedral.

^{page 14 note 1} Foča.

^{page 14 note 2} Mileševa where the body of Sveti Sava (Saint Sabbas), archbishop of Serbia (died 1237), was preserved. His remains were removed and destroyed by the Turks in 1595. The alleged miraculous powers of the saint's staff may perhaps be explained by a Serbian folk song which narrates that a certain Turk, Hassan Pasha, was about to desecrate the saint's body when he was struck blind and only after repentance did he recover his sight through the intercession of the prior with the saint.

^{page 14 note 3} Novibazar.

^{page 14 note 4} Nish.

^{page 15 note 1} Pirot.

^{page 15 note 2} Sofia.

^{page 15 note 3} Philippopolis.

^{page 15 note 4} The Voiniks were a corps of more than a thousand men, mostly Bulgarian Christians, who tended the Sultan's herds of horses, and in wartime followed the army as grooms. They also served as carters, attendants, etc., for those who were sufficiently influential to be able to command their services.

^{page 16 note 1} Refuse or excrement.

^{page 16 note 2} Probably the Mosque of Selim II.

^{page 16 note 3} The Sultan was Amurath [Murad] III 1574–95. The Janissaries refused to pay a new subsidy or to accept a new Aga (commander) nominated by the Sultan. When fire broke out in Constantinople they would not help to fight it, and they forced the Sultan to cancel the new tax and to surrender its authors. These were then drawn up and down the streets tied to horses' tails and eventually beheaded.

^{page 16 note 4} The Seraglio—the Sultan's palace.

^{page 16 note 5} Genoese.

^{page 17 note 1} Beylerbey (Lord of Lords), a title held by the governor of a province.

^{page 17 note 2} Kirk Kilisse.

^{page 17 note 3} Provadia.

^{page 17 note 4} Silistria.

^{page 17 note 5} Wallachia.

^{page 17 note 6} Buzeu.

^{page 18 note 1} Tecuci.

^{page 18 note 2} Fynes Moryson states that the scahy (a Turkish coin known to the Italians as seya) was worth rather more than sixpence. Fifteen of them exchanged for the chequin.

^{page 18 note 3} Yasi.

^{page 18 note 4} The prince was Peter V (the Lame), holding the office for the second time (1578–9, 1582–91).

^{page 19 note 1} Chotin.

^{page 19 note 2} This must be a slip for Dniester.

^{page 19 note 3} Kamieniec Podolski.

^{page 19 note 4} Lwów.

^{page 19 note 5} Probably Gliniany.

^{page 20 note 1} The Armenian cathedral, built between 1356 and 1363, still exists; but after the union with the Roman church in 1640 the interior was transformed, and this altar and statue of a dog no longer survive. The Armenians first arrived at Lwów via the Crimea in the thirteenth century. The dog has always been a common motive in their decorative art.

^{page 20 note 2} Cracow.

^{page 20 note 3} Jaroslaw.

^{page 20 note 4} Probably Sedziszów.

^{page 21 note 1} Olkusz.

^{page 21 note 2} Tarnowitz.

^{page 21 note 3} Silesia.

^{page 21 note 4} Tost.

^{page 21 note 5} Oppeln.

^{page 21 note 6} Brieg.

^{page 21 note 7} Ohlau.

^{page 21 note 8} Breslau.

^{page 22 note 1} Neumarkt.

^{page 22 note 2} Liegnitz.

^{page 22 note 3} (?) Haynau.

^{page 22 note 4} Görlitz.

^{page 22 note 5} Bautzen.

^{page 22 note 6} Ortrand.

^{page 22 note 7} Lausitz.

^{page 22 note 8} Meissen.

^{page 22 note 9} Torgau.

^{page 22 note 10} Wittenberg.

^{page 22 note 11} Zerbst.

^{page 22 note 12} Magdeburg.

^{page 22 note 13} The Emperor Otto the Great married Edith, daughter of Edward the Elder and sister of Athelstan.

^{page 22 note 14} Gardelegen.

^{page 22 note 15} Salzwedel.

^{page 22 note 16} Gorleben, a village on the river Elbe between Salzwedel and Lüneburg.

^{page 23 note 1} 42 B.C.

^{page 24 note 1} Sanderson estimated that Amurath III begot eighty-one children in all.

^{page 24 note 2} The practice of fratricide by a sultan at his accession was begun by Bajazet I, 1389–1402, and died out in the seventeenth century. Mehmet III, who succeeded Amurath III, at once ordered all his nineteen brothers to be strangled.

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Mr. Harrie Cavendish his Journey To and From Constantinople 1589 Fox, His Servant

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