The Despatches of William Perwich, English Agent in Paris 1669 to 1677

doi:10.1017/S2042171000002946

^{page 1 note 1} Ralph Montagu succeeded his father as 3rd Baron Montagu in 1683 ; created Earl in 1685 and Duke in 1705.

^{page 1 note 2} Don Juan José (1629–1679), the natural son of Philip IV. of Spain and general of the Spanish forces.

^{page 1 note 3} Dom Diego Sarmiento y Valladares, Bishop of Oviedo, was President of the Council from May 1668 to Nov. 1669.

^{page 1 note 4} The King of Spain, Charles II.

^{page 1 note 5} Marie Anne, daughter of Ferdinand III. of Austria.

^{page 2 note 1} Pierre, Marquis de Villars.

^{page 2 note 2} Gaston Jean Baptiste, Duc de Roquelaure, 1617–83. Created Duke of Roquelaure 1652. Took a prominent part in the conquest of Franche-Comté 1668, and that of Holland (1672). Appointed Governor of Guienne, 1676.

^{page 2 note 3} Henrietta Maria of France, wife of Charles I.

^{page 2 note 4} Henry Jermyn, Duke of St. Albans, Lord Chamberlain of the Queen Mother.

^{page 3 note 1} This law was evidently never passed.

^{page 3 note 2} Edicts on this subject were issued in March and August 1669.

^{page 3 note 3} John, Viscount Mordaunt, brother of Henry, 2nd Earl of Peterborough.

^{page 3 note 4} Conrad van Beuninghen, Dutch Ambassador to France.

^{page 3 note 5} After the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1668, by which Louis XIV. ceased his invasion of Franche-Comté, the Dutch offended him by having their coins restruck, one attributing to them the right of having defended kings, re-established the liberty of the seas, and pacified Europe, and another representing Van Beuninghen as Joshua stopping the sun. The words supposed to be engraved on the medal were, ‘In conspectu meo stetit sol.’ Voltaire says, ‘ Cette médaille n'exista jamais. Il est vrai que les Etats avaient fait frapper une médaille dans laquelle ils avaient exprimé tout ce que la république avait fait de glorieux: Assertis legibus, emendatis sacris, adjutis, defensis, conciliatis regibus, vindicata marium libertate, stabilita orbis Europae quiete’ (Siècle de Louis XIV, vol. i. p. 389)Google Scholar.

^{page 4 note 1} The Triple Alliance, 1668, between England, Holland, and Sweden.

^{page 4 note 2} I.e. jeûne.

^{page 4 note 3} François de Vendôme, Duc de Beaufort, son of César de Vendôme and grandson of Henry IV. In 1669 he was sent by Louis XIV. to help the Venetians, attacked by the Turks in the island of Candia, and was killed at Candia in August of the same year.

^{page 4 note 4} Alexius Michaelowitz, son of Michael Theodorowitz. Died in 1676.

^{page 4 note 5} Nicolaus Prazmoovski, Archbishop of Gnesen 1666–1673 (see Gazette de France, 1669, No. 49, p. 367).

^{page 4 note 6} Theodore Alexowitz, son of the above.

^{page 4 note 7} The Prince of Nieubourg, the Duke of Lorraine, and the Prince of Condé

^{page 4 note 8} D. Miguel Francisco de Moncada, 5th Marquis of Aitona. Died in 1674.

^{page 5 note 1} Don Vincenzo Rospigliosi, nephew of Pope Clement IX.

^{page 5 note 2} Charles Paris d'Orléans, Comte de St. Pol, later Duc de Longueville (1649–1672).

^{page 5 note 3} Louis d'Anglure de Bourlémont.

^{page 5 note 4} ‘ Embarqued ’ interlined in MS.

^{page 5 note 5} Michel Le Tellier, 1603–1685, Secretary of State for War. After the death of Mazarin he became a Minister of State, and on the death of D'Aligre in 1677 was made Chancellor.

^{page 5 note 6} Hugues de Lionne succeeded Mazarin as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

^{page 5 note 7} Frédéric Armand, Comte de Schomberg (1618–1690), son of Hans Meynard Schomberg. He became marshal in 1675.

^{page 5 note 8} Suzanne d'Aumale, dame d'Aucourt, his second wife.

^{page 5 note 9} Louis Berryer, secretary of Jean Baptiste Colbert. Perwich was evidently wrongly informed, as Berryer retained his position until 1673, when he was succeeded by M. Pellisson.

^{page 5 note 10} Gaston Henri de Bourbon, natural son of Henry IV. and Catherine Henriette de Balzac-Entragues (1601–1682). He married Charlotte Séguier, eldest daughter of Pierre Séguier, Chancellor of France.

^{page 5 note 11} John Casimir, who resigned the crown of Poland, September 1668, and retired to France. See p. 7, n. 8.

^{page 6 note 1} Hesdin.

^{page 6 note 2} Perwich evidently means Louis d'Anglure de Bourlémont. The bishopric of Lavaur was vacant from 1668 to 1671.

^{page 6 note 3} Ludovicus de la Vergne de Montenard de Tressan.

^{page 6 note 4} Jean de Vintimille du Luc.

^{page 6 note 5} Prison of the ‘ Châtelet de Paris.’

^{page 6 note 6} Probably the son of Colonel Percy Kirk [Kirke], who married Lady Mary Howard, daughter of George, Earl of Suffolk.

^{page 7 note 1} Louis the Dauphin (1661–1711).

^{page 7 note 2} Philip, Duke of Anjou (1668–1671).

^{page 7 note 3} Maria Theresa (1667–1672).

^{page 7 note 4} Philip, Duke of Orleans, second son of Louis XIII.

^{page 7 note 5} Henriette Anne, daughter of Charles I. ‘ Le fils aîné du Roi s'appelait “ Monseigneur ” ou “ Dauphin,” le frère du Roi “ Monsieur,” la sœur ou la bellefille du Roi “ Madame,” la fille de Monsieur “ Mademoiselle “ (Duruy, Hist, de France, ii. 299).

^{page 7 note 6} Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, 1641–1711.

^{page 7 note 7} Louis II., the ‘ Grand,’ son of Henry II., Prince of Condé.

^{page 7 note 8} On September 16, 1668, John Casimir resigned the crown of Poland and retired to France. There were three candidates for the vacant throne—the Prince of Condé, supported by John Sobieski; the Prince of Neubourg, supported by Louis XIV.; and Charles of Lorraine, the candidate of Austria. The choice, however, fell upon Michael Korybut Wisniowieski, the son of Jeremiah Michael, Duke of Wisniowieski. He died in 1673, and was succeeded in 1674 by John Sobieski. (See The Story of the Nations, ‘Poland,’ by W. R. Morfill, pp. 150–154.)

^{page 8 note 1} Spain had promised to pay Sweden large sums of money to keep her army in Germany and to prevent the Pays-Bas from being attacked (Mignet, vol. iii. p. 112).

^{page 8 note 2} Mahomet IV., Sultan of Turkey.

^{page 8 note 3} Leopold I. of Austria (1640–1705).

^{page 8 note 4} Kiuperli, as renowned in Turkey as Turenne was in France.

^{page 9 note 1} Those taken in Flanders in the campaign of 1667. This campaign had alarmed Holland, because the Pays-Bas formed their barrier on the side of France (Mignet, vol. ii. p. 484).

^{page 9 note 2} Pierre de Bonzy.

^{page 9 note 3} The Prince de Condé.

^{page 9 note 4} François Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois (1639–1691).

^{page 9 note 5} Hardouin de Beaumont de Péréfixe, Archbishop of Paris, formerly tutor to Louis XIV.

^{page 10 note 1} Sardinia.

^{page 11 note 1} Porto Bello.

^{page 11 note 2} Denzil Holles [Hollis], second son of the Earl of Clare. He had acted as Ambassador Extraordinary at the Court of France and Plenipotentiary at the Conference at Breda.

^{page 12 note 1} See letter from Peter du Moulin (S.P., France)dated June , 1669.

^{page 12 note 2} Peter du Moulin, Minister Extraordinary for Charles II.

^{page 12 note 3} D. Pascual d'Aragon y Cordoba (1625–1677), son of D. Enrique d'Aragon, Duc de Cardona, and brother of D. Pedro d'Aragon.

^{page 12 note 4} Guadalajara.

^{page 12 note 5} D. Antonio Alvarez de Toledo, 7th Duc d'Albe. Died in 1690.

^{page 12 note 6} Eberhard von Neidhart. See footnote, p. 27.

^{page 12 note 7} Mount Etna or Monte Gabello.

^{page 12 note 8} Catania, on the east coast of Sicily.

^{page 13 note 1} Mathurin Gabaret.

^{page 13 note 2} According to Ranke (Memoirs of the House of Brandenburg, i. 73), Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, twice refused the crown of Poland, because he would not desert the faith by which his salvation was assured.

^{page 14 note 1} See letter dated May 25, 1669.

^{page 14 note 2} Denis de La Haye, Sieur de Vantelet, Ambassador to Constantinople in 1669.

^{page 14 note 3} Philippe de Montault de Bénac, Duc de Navailles, 1619–1684. Married Mile, de Neuillant, lady in waiting to the Queen of France. He was appointed in 1669 to command the forces sent to the help of Candia (under the Duke of Beaufort). He took part in the invasion of Franche-Comté in 1674. Marshal of France in 1675.

^{page 14 note 4} Viceroy of Sardinia.

^{page 14 note 5} The Sieur Mouslier was the resident of France in Switzerland at this period.

^{page 14 note 6} Claude Roux, Sieur de Marsilly. See Ludlow's, Memoirs, ii. p. 409Google Scholar; Haag, , La France Protestante, vol. ix.Google Scholar; and Ravaisson, F., Archives de la Bastille, vii. 305–332.Google Scholar

^{page 15 note 1} The same as Madlle. de Monnerot (see letter dated May 22, 1669).

^{page 15 note 2} Between England and France in 1669.

^{page 15 note 3} Ferdinand II., Grand Duke of Tuscany. Died in 1670.

^{page 16 note 1} The Grand Vizier had concluded a treaty with the House of Austria most favourable to the Turks, by which he had arranged to keep peace for twenty years, but it was well known that he only awaited the fall of Candia before resuming his schemes against Italy and the Empire. (See Vehse's, Memoirs of the Court of Austria, vol. ii. p. 23.Google Scholar)

^{page 17 note 1} See Comptes des Bâtiments du Roi sous le Règne de Louis XIV, by Guiffrey, Jules, vol. iGoogle Scholar.

^{page 17 note 2} In the year 1667 Colbert made a treaty by which the duties on manufactured goods brought into France were doubled, amounting to nearly 80 per cent, of the value of the goods. This tax largely contributed to the war of 1672. It struck a heavy blow against Dutch trade, and no sooner had it been published than Van Beuninghen wrote to De Witt that they must defend their cloths. England retaliated by a tax on the importation of French wine, and prohibited the free importation of corn into England (Baschet, Transcripts, ‘ Ambassador Colbert to Monsieur Colbert,’ September 12, 1669, and Clément, Histoire de Colbert, p. 296).

^{page 18 note 1} Off the coast of Morea.

^{page 18 note 2} He had tried to commit suicide in prison. See supra, p. 14, n. 6.

^{page 18 note 3} This refers to the festival held on June 24, known as the ‘ Feux de joie de la Saint-Jean.’

^{page 19 note 1} Gabriel de Rochechouart, Duc de Mortemart.

^{page 19 note 2} Heneage Finch, Earl of Winchelsea. He was on his way to England after having been eight years Ambassador in Turkey.

^{page 20 note 1} Temple had been sent to the Hague in August 1668.

^{page 20 note 2} Philip William (1615–1690).

^{page 20 note 3} Father Patrick MaGinn.

^{page 20 note 4} Chabo, Marquis de Saint-Maurice, was acting as the Ambassador from Savoy, and had with him an agent named Planque.

^{page 20 note 5} Charles Emmanuel II., Duke of Savoy, son of Victor Amadeus and Catherine, daughter of Henry IV. He was descended from the House of Lorraine, and married Francisca, daughter of Jean Baptiste, Duc d'Orléans and cousin of Louis XIV. He died in 1675.

^{page 20 note 6} Don Luis de Sousa Vasconcellas, formerly the favourite of Alphonso, King of Portugal, who had been deposed.

^{page 21 note 1} Louis XIV. aimed at preventing the Emperor of Austria from joining the Triple Alliance and thus uniting with Holland. Mignet, iii. p. 377.

^{page 21 note 2} Sir Thomas Allin, Allen, or Alleyne, commander of the Straits fleet.

^{page 21 note 3} Francis Vernon had been appointed Ralph Montagu's secretary for his Embassy in Paris.

^{page 22 note 1} Michael Korybut Wisniowieski.

^{page 22 note 2} Emmanuel Théodore de la Tour d'Auvergne, first known as the ‘Abbé Duc d'Albret,’ and later, in 1669, as ‘ Cardinal de Bouillon.’ In 1671 he was made ‘ Grand Aumônier.’

^{page 22 note 3} The Revolutionist party in Portugal dethroned Alphonso VI. in 1668 and set Don Pedro, his brother, on the throne. Mignet, iii. 571.

^{page 22 note 4} Louis de Crevant, Marquis d'Humières, marshal from 1668 to 1694.

^{page 22 note 5} Claude Lamoral, Prince de Ligne, Viceroy of Sicily 1670–1674.

^{page 23 note 1} Consul at Marseilles.

^{page 23 note 2} Zante, one of the Ionian Islands.

^{page 23 note 3} Algiers.

^{page 23 note 4} Michael Korybut Wisniowieski (Vienovisky). See p. 7, n. 8.

^{page 24 note 1} Sir William Lookhart (1621–1676), appointed Governor of Dunkirk in 1658 by Oliver Cromwell. After the resignation of Richard Cromwell he was continued as Ambassador to France, ‘ as a man who could best cajole the Cardinal, and who knew well the intrigues at Court.’ Clarendon, iii. 882.

^{page 24 note 2} The Protector.

^{page 24 note 3} Afterwards Sir Lewis Dives.

^{page 24 note 4} Prince of Waldeck, who began life in the service of Holland and afterwards went over to the Emperor and fought against the French and the Turks.

^{page 25 note 1} English Ambassador at the Court of Spain.

^{page 25 note 2} The towns kept by Louis under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1668.

^{page 26 note 1} The Treaty of St. Julien, made in 1603 between Savoy and Geneva.

^{page 26 note 2} The inclosure is missing.

^{page 26 note 3} Charles Colbert de Croissy, French Ambassador to England, brother of Jean-Baptiste Colbert.

^{page 26 note 4} D. Manuel Joaquin Alvarez de Toledo, 8th Conde de Orepesa. Died in 1707.

^{page 26 note 5} Don Pedro d'Aragon, son of Don Enrique d'Aragon, Duke of Cardona.

^{page 27 note 1} See p. 1, n. 3.

^{page 27 note 2} The confessor of the Archduchess Marie Anne of Austria, who followed this princess to Madrid after her marriage with Philip IV. In 1666 he was appointed Councillor of State and Inquisitor-General.

^{page 27 note 3} Colonel Robert Werden.

^{page 27 note 4} Clerk of the Privy Council and Secretary for Ireland (1607–1677). He had been appointed Envoy Extraordinary to Portugal, and was on his way back. In 1671 he was sent by Charles II. as Envoy to Brussels.

^{page 28 note 1} Chambord.

^{page 28 note 2} Probably John Richards, one of Sir Joseph Williamson's clerks.

^{page 28 note 3} Sir Anthony des Marces, agent of the English King. Died in 1668–9.

^{page 28 note 4} Alexandre de Puy Montbrun. Died in 1673.

^{page 29 note 2} Jean Tambonneau, President of the ‘ Chambre des Comptes.’

^{page 29 note 3} Bernardin Gigault de Bellefonds, made marshal in 1668.

^{page 29 note 4} Pope Clement IX., Girolamo Rospigliosi.

^{page 29 note 5} Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne (1611–1675). Made Marshal-General in 1660.

^{page 30 note 1} Simon Arnauld, Marquis de Pomponne, Ambassador at the Hague. Succeeded Lionne as Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1671.

^{page 30 note 2} Jean d'Estrées. Made vice-admiral in 1670 and marshal in 1681.

^{page 30 note 3} Spanish Ambassador at the Court of France.

^{page 31 note 1} Charles, Lord Buckhurst, son of Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset.

^{page 31 note 2} Henry Savile, youngest son of Sir William Savile and Lady Anne Coventry (1642–1687). He acted as Ambassador at the Court of Florence in 1670.

^{page 32 note 1} See letter dated October 30, 1669.

^{page 32 note 2} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 32 note 3} Louis XIV.'s mistress. Became a Carmelite nun in 1674.

^{page 32 note 4} Also mistress of the King.

^{page 32 note 5} Isabella, daughter of Henri de Nassau.

^{page 32 note 6} On account of the death of the Queen Mother, Henrietta Maria of Bourbon, wife of Charles I., and daughter of Henry IV. of France.

^{page 32 note 7} Controller of the Household of the Queen Mother.

^{page 32 note 8} Robin Nott, servant to Lord Montagu.

^{page 33 note 1} César Auguste François de Choiseul, Chevalier du Plessis-Praslin. Made marshal in 1645.

^{page 33 note 2} Nicolas de Neuville, Duc de Villeroi (1644–1730), colonel of the regiment of infantry of Lyonnais.

^{page 33 note 3} Consuegra.

^{page 33 note 4} Don Luis Manuel Fernandez de Portocarrero.

^{page 34 note 1} The customs on cloth.

^{page 34 note 2} This treaty was not yet made; it was merely projected.

^{page 35 note 1} Sir Edward Spragg, English admiral.

^{page 35 note 2} Henry Lord Howard, of Castle Rising, brother of the Duke of Norfolk. He was acting as Ambassador to Morocco.

^{page 35 note 3} Tangiers.

^{page 35 note 4} Muley Archid, king of Tafilet or Taffaletta.

^{page 35 note 5} Anne de Rohan Chabot, wife of François de Rohan, Marquis de Soubise.

^{page 35 note 6} Marguerite, Duchesse de Rohan, wife of Henry Chabot, Duc de Rohan.

^{page 35 note 7} Antoine Nompar de Caumont, Marquis de Puy-Guilhem, Comte de Lauzun 1633–1723). Perwich's information was evidently incorrect, as Lauzun was not made Grand Master of Artillery.

^{page 36 note 1} Ferdinand Bonaventure, Comte d'Harrach-Bruck (1637 1706).

^{page 36 note 2} The Venetians had been severely defeated at Candia, owing to the Duke of Navailles withdrawing his troops. See letter October 30, 1669.

^{page 37 note 1} Michael Wisniowieski married the Archduchess Eleanora of Austria. The marriage was arranged by the Emperor Leopold, much to the annoyance of the Poles, by whom the Austrians were greatly disliked.

^{page 37 note 2} Charlotte Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Lewis, Elector Palatine, and grand-daughter of Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, therefore great-niece (by marriage) to Queen Henrietta Maria. She became the second wife of Philip, Duc d'Orléans, brother of Louis XIV., in 1671.

^{page 37 note 3} Lord Arlington's colleague as Secretary of State.

^{page 38 note 1} Philippe François de Ligne, son of Philippe Charles de Ligne. He succeeded the Marquis d'Yenne as governor of Franche-Comté after the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Besançon was generally chosen as the residence of the governor.

^{page 39 note 1} Principal Secretary of State.

^{page 39 note 2} It was owing to the withdrawal of the French troops that the Venetians were defeated at Candia.

^{page 39 note 3} Pierre Lenet, the principal agent of Condé during the Fronde. (For history of Lenet see Mémoires de M. Lenet, Conseiller d'Etat.)

^{page 39 note 4} Clement IX., whose great desire it was to prevent the Turks from taking the island of Candia. He died in 1669.

^{page 39 note 5} Antoine de Grammont, created marshal of France in 1641.

^{page 39 note 6} Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg.

^{page 40 note 1} Maximilian Emmanuel of Bavaria.

^{page 40 note 2} Maximilian Henry of Bavaria.

^{page 40 note 3} Christopher Bernard de Galen.

^{page 40 note 4} Francis Egon, Count of Fürstenberg.

^{page 40 note 5} Marie de Savoie-Nemours, daughter of Charles Amédée de Savoie, Duc de Nemours, and wife of Alphonso VI.; afterwards, by a special Bull from the Pope, married to Pedro II. Pedro II. of Portugal did not take the title of king until after his brother's death.

^{page 40 note 6} Jeanne Elisabeth de Schomberg married her cousin, Frédéric Armand de Schomberg.

^{page 40 note 7} The Count of Schomberg was noted as a zealous Protestant, and left France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.

^{page 40 note 8} According to Voltaire an alliance with the Turks had always been the policy of the French kings since the time of Francis I., not only because of advantages in commerce, but also to prevent the House of Austria from becoming too powerful. (Siècle de Louis XIV., vol. i. p. 357.)

^{page 40 note 9} Probably Frédérique Amélie, eldest daughter of Ferdinand III., who married Charles Albert, Duc de Gottorp.

^{page 40 note 10} Charles II. of England. A rumour was spread in France at this period that Charles II. was about to repudiate his marriage.

^{page 42 note 1} Louis Victor de Rochechouart, Comte de Vivonne (1636–1688), only son of Gabriel, Duc de Rochechouart. He was sent under the Duc de Beaufort to the relief of Candia, and took chief command after Beaufort's death. He held the office of ‘ général des galères,’ and was made a marshal in 1675.

^{page 42 note 2} William Prynne (1600–1669), the Puritan pamphleteer

^{page 42 note 3} Sir Orlando Bridgeman.

^{page 42 note 4} Gabel, Danish envoy since 1667.

^{page 43 note 1} The Basha or Pasha of Algiers.

^{page 43 note 2} Douan or Duan = the Council.

^{page 43 note 3} Sir William Godolphin.

^{page 43 note 4} Gustave, Marquis de Bade-Dourlach.

^{page 43 note 5} Virginio Orsini.

^{page 44 note 1} See footnote 2, p. 7.

^{page 44 note 2} John Kasimir.

^{page 44 note 3} Michael Korybut Wisniowieski.

^{page 44 note 4} Henri Jules de Bourbon, Duc d'Enghien, son of the ‘ grand Condé.’

^{page 44 note 5} Don Michel Iturietta.

^{page 45 note 1} Cardinal Barberini.

^{page 45 note 2} Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, and Anthony Ulric, Duke of Wolfenbüttel.

^{page 45 note 3} ‘ Sell ’ interlined in MS.

^{page 45 note 4} Charles Lewis, son of Frederick V., the Winter King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth of England.

^{page 45 note 5} Charles IV., Duc de Lorraine, son of François de Lorraine and Catherine, Comtesse de Salm. He died in 1675 and was succeeded by his nephew Charles Leopold Sixte, who took the title of Duke of Lorraine and Bar.

^{page 46 note 1} Daniel de Cosnac.

^{page 46 note 2} Madeleine de Lionne, who, February 10, 1670, married François Annibal, Duc d'Estrées.

^{page 46 note 3} Balthazar Phelippeaux de Châteauneuf, became Marquis de la Vrillière in 1669 on the death of his eldest brother Louis. He was later appointed Secretary of State.

^{page 47 note 1} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 47 note 2} René Petit, Charles II.'s agent in Picardy, Normandy, and Brittany. See Ravaisson, Archives de la Bastille, t. vii. p. 211.

^{page 47 note 3} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 48 note 1} See footnote 4, p. 33.

^{page 48 note 2} It was due to Clement IX.'s persuasion that Louis XIV. sent help to the Venetians in Candia (Ranke's Popes of Rome, p. 397).

^{page 49 note 1} Cooking-pots.

^{page 49 note 2} Charles d'Albert d'Ailly, Duc de Chaulnes (1625–1698), third son of Honoré d'Albert. He was sent to Rome for the election of Pope Clement IX. in 1667, made governor of Brittany in 1670, and sent to Rome the same year for the election of Pope Clement X.; named minister plenipotentiary of the King at Cologne in 1675. Acted again as ambassador for the King at Rome on the election of Alexander VIII.

^{page 50 note 1} Emmanuel Théodore de la Tour d'Auvergne, known as the Cardinal de Bouillon.

^{page 50 note 2} Girolamo Grimaldi.

^{page 50 note 3} Porto Carrero.

^{page 50 note 4} Lazzaro Palavicini.

^{page 50 note 5} Maria Camilla Palavicini.

^{page 50 note 6} John Baptiste, Prince of Zagarola son of Camillus, brother of Clement IX.

^{page 50 note 7} Giovanni Bona.

^{page 50 note 8} Nicolo Acciaioli.

^{page 50 note 9} Bonaccorso Bonaccorsi.

^{page 50 note 10} Emilio Altieri.

^{page 50 note 11} Carlo Cerri.

^{page 50 note 12} Francis Nerli.

^{page 50 note 13} Girolamo Buonvisi.

^{page 50 note 14} The late Archbishop was Charles François d'Anglure de Bourlemont.

^{page 50 note 15} J. A. de Crux, Marquis de Courboyer. See Ravaisson, Archives de la Bastille, vii. 335–341.

^{page 51 note 1} Louis XIV.

^{page 51 note 2} François Gaston de Béthune (1638–1692), son of Hippolyte de Béthune, Comte de Selles.

^{page 51 note 3} See p. 53.

^{page 51 note 4} Louis de Bourbon, Comte de Vermandois, born 1667, son of Louis XIV. and Madame de la Vallière. He was made admiral when two years of age.

^{page 52 note 1} Don Gaspar Mendez de Haro, Marquis de Liche [Heliche], son of the celebrated minister Don Luis de Haro.

^{page 52 note 2} Charles, Baron de Batteville [Watteville].

^{page 53 note 1} Alexander VII., who died in 1667, was descended from the House of Chigi; Clement IX., from the House of Rospigliosi.

^{page 53 note 2} After the death of Clement IX. the Holy See remained vacant for nearly five months.

^{page 53 note 3} Charles Henri de Lorraine, Prince de Vaudemont (1649–1723).

^{page 53 note 4} For treaties between France and Lorraine, see Koch and Schoell, Histoire abrégée des Traités de Paix, i. 344–347.

^{page 53 note 5} Charles Leopold, son of Francis Nicholas and nephew of Charles IV., Duke of Lorraine, married Eleanora, sister of Leopold I., after the death of Michael Korybut Wisniowieski in 1673.

^{page 54 note 1} François de Harlay Champvallon.

^{page 55 note 1} Part of the money promised by Spain to Sweden had fallen due, but Spain had refused to pay, and Sweden thereupon threatened to withdraw from the Triple Alliance (Mignet, vol. iii. p. 110).

^{page 55 note 2} Henri Louis de Pardaillon de Gondrin, Marquis de Montespan.

^{page 55 note 3} Franciscus Barberini.

^{page 55 note 4} Monsieur de Thurelle-Thiballier, appointed ‘ capitaine des galères ’ in 1672.

^{page 55 note 5} Don Gaspar de Teves, Tello de Guzman (1608–1673), son of Don Melchior de Teves.

^{page 55 note 6} Nicolas Prunier, Marquis de Saint-André, French ambassador in Venice.

^{page 56 note 1} Cologne.

^{page 56 note 2} Bavaria.

^{page 56 note 3} Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy, married Francisca Magdalena, daughter of Gaston Jean Baptiste, Duc d'Orléans, uncle of Louis XIV.

^{page 57 note 1} Cosmo, Duke of Florence, married Marie Louise, daughter of Gaston Jean Baptiste, Duc d'Orléans.

^{page 57 note 2} Cosmo, son of Ferdinand II., Grand Duke of Tuscany, married Marguerite Louise, daughter of Gaston Jean Baptiste, Duc d'Orléans.

^{page 57 note 3} Wolfgang Engelbert, Count or Prince of Haversperg or Aversberg. See Gazette de France, 1670, No. 3, p. 37.

^{page 58 note 1} See Mignet, iii. 453.

^{page 58 note 2} Johann Paul, Baron von Hocher.

^{page 58 note 3} Philip Reinhard, Prince of Hanau. See Gazette de France, 1670, No. 11, p. 88.

^{page 58 note 4} Treaty of Breda, 1666.

^{page 59 note 2} Groninguen, in the Low Countries.

^{page 59 note 3} I.e. sacrilège.

^{page 59 note 4} Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland (1644–1670).

^{page 60 note 1} See p. 48.

^{page 60 note 2} Daughter of the Duc de Médina Cé1i.

^{page 60 note 3} I.e. Frères de la Merci, an order founded in the thirteenth century.

^{page 61 note 1} Don Juan de la Puente, Canon of Toledo.

^{page 61 note 2} Catherine Charlotte, daughter of Antoine, Duc de Grammont.

^{page 62 note 1} Hippolyte, Marquis de Centurion.

^{page 62 note 2} Jean Hérault de Gourville (1625–1703).

^{page 62 note 3} Lieutenant-general of the East Indies.

^{page 64 note 1} This letter is missing.

^{page 64 note 2} Flavio Chigi, nephew of Pope Alexander VII.

^{page 64 note 3} Carlo Roberti.

^{page 64 note 4} Mdlle. Molina, lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie Thérèse.

^{page 65 note 1} Philippe de Lorraine, known as the ‘ Chevalier de Lorraine.’

^{page 65 note 2} Pierre Encise at Lyons. For particulars of this quarrel see Montagu-Arlington, ‘ Letters,’ Hist. MS. Comm. p. 462.

^{page 66 note 1} See p. 53.

^{page 66 note 2} Christian Lewis, son of Adolph Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg.

^{page 66 note 3} Abbé de Gravel, French Resident at Mayence.

^{page 66 note 4} See letter dated January 25, 1670.

^{page 66 note 5} Marie Thérèse.

^{page 67 note 1} D. Luis Ramon d'Aragon, fifth Duc de Segorbe.

^{page 67 note 2} René Potier, Duc de Gesvres.

^{page 67 note 3} See footnote 1, p. 54.

^{page 68 note 1} Petro Vidoni.

^{page 68 note 2} François de Pradel.

^{page 68 note 3} Alexandre le Bret.

^{page 68 note 4} Jean de Martinet, killed at the siege of Doesburg in 1672.

^{page 53 note 4} I.e. ‘morte-payes,’ reduced pay given to officers or soldiers incapable of serving in the army.

^{page 69 note 1} Duc d'Enghien.

^{page 69 note 2} Philippe Julien Mancini-Mazarini, Duc de Nevers (1639–1707).

^{page 69 note 3} The ‘squadronisti’ consisted of the cardinals created by Innocent X. They were Omodei, Ottoboni. Imperiali, Boromeo, and Azzolino (Ranke, , The Popes of Rome, vol. iii. p. 397)Google Scholar.

^{page 70 note 1} Celio Piccolomini.

^{page 70 note 2} Paulatius Altieri, Pope Clement X., was eventually chosen from this party. He died in 1676.

^{page 70 note 3} The Venetian ambassador to Turkey.

^{page 71 note 1} A rumour without any foundation, as Souleimann II. died in 1691, and Ahmed II. in 1695.

^{page 71 note 2} Scarpanto.

^{page 72 note 1} Charles II.

^{page 72 note 2} Ferdinand III.

^{page 73 note 1} Orazio Filippo Spada.

^{page 73 note 2} A blank in the MS.

^{page 73 note 3} Carlo Caraffo.

^{page 73 note 4} Nerio Corsini.

^{page 73 note 5} Cardinal Maldachini.

^{page 73 note 6} Scipione d' Elci.

^{page 73 note 7} Carlo Bonelli.

^{page 74 note 1} Decio Juniore Azzolini.

^{page 74 note 2} Scipione Deley.

^{page 74 note 3} Garabuse. See p. 71.

^{page 74 note 4} François III. de Lorraine, brother of Charles IV., Duc de Lorraine.

^{page 74 note 5} Charles IV., Duc de Lorraine.

^{page 74 note 6} Jean Paul de Choisy, Intendant at Metz 1663–1673.

^{page 74 note 7} Toul.

^{page 74 note 8} Charles IV., Duc de Lorraine, had concluded a treaty at Montmartre, in 1662, by which on his death his estates were to pass to the King of France, to the exclusion of his nephew Charles (Koch, and Schoell, , Histoire abrégée des Traités de Paix, vol. i. p. 347Google Scholar).

^{page 74 note 9} François du Riou, Sieur de la Mothe.

^{page 75 note 1} ‘ The great advantages ’ would be the succession of the Dauphin to the throne of Spain if Charles II. died without issue.

^{page 75 note 2} D. Gaspar Ibañez de Segovia, Marquis d'Agropoli.

^{page 76 note 1} Senlis.

^{page 76 note 2} Compiègne.

^{page 76 note 3} St. Quentin.

^{page 76 note 4} Landrecies.

^{page 76 note 5} Quesnoy.

^{page 76 note 6} Avesnes.

^{page 76 note 7} Philippeville.

^{page 76 note 8} Binche.

^{page 76 note 9} Tournay.

^{page 76 note 10} Oudenarde.

^{page 76 note 11} Lille.

^{page 76 note 12} Bergues.

^{page 76 note 13} Hesdin.

^{page 76 note 14} Arras.

^{page 76 note 15} Denys Louis de Rubentel de Mondétour.

^{page 77 note 1} Eugène Maurice de Savoie, Comte de Soissons (1633–1673), son of Charles Bourbon, Comte de Soissons. He married Olympe Mancini, one of the nieces of Cardinal Mazarin; became Governor of Champagne; in 1672 was created Lieutenant-General. He took a prominent part in the ‘ Passage of the Rhine,’ and was on his way to join the army of Turenne, when he died in Westphalia, the 7th of June, 1673.

^{page 77 note 2} Louis Henri d'Aloigny, Marquis de Rochefort, made marshal in 1675.

^{page 77 note 3} ‘ Escadron.’

^{page 77 note 4} Godefroi, Comte d'Estrades, made marshal in 1675.

^{page 78 note 1} Sir Daniel Harvey, English ambassador to Turkey.

^{page 78 note 2} Jean-Jacques Chauméjan, Chevalier (afterwards Marquis) de Fourilles.

^{page 78 note 3} Armand de Cambout, Duc de Coislin.

^{page 78 note 4} Hérard Bouton, Comte de Chamilly.

^{page 79 note 1} This treaty was not made until June 1673 (see Recueil d'Actes Internationaux de l'Empire Ottoman, par Moradounghian, Gabriel Effendi, i. 136Google Scholar).

^{page 79 note 2} Brother of the Earl of Winchelsea and English resident at the Court of Tuscany.

^{page 79 note 3} Jacques Nini.

^{page 79 note 4} Aquaviva.

^{page 79 note 5} Julio Gabrielli.

^{page 79 note 6} Victor Amédée II. (1666–1732); succeeded to the dukedom of Savoy in 1675.

^{page 80 note 1} Jean Louis, Comte de St. Pol.

^{page 80 note 2} John Ellis, Under-Secretary of State.

^{page 80 note 3} The Canal of Languedoc, or ‘ Canal des Deux-Mers,’ begun in 1667 and finished in 1681.

^{page 80 note 4} William, Prince of Orange, son of William II. of Orange and Mary, daughter of Charles I.

^{page 81 note 1} D. Rodrigo de Silva, Duke of Pastrano.

^{page 81 note 2} Don Inigo-Melchior Fernandez de Velasco, 7th Duc de Frias, governor of the Pays-Bas 1668–1670 (1629–1696).

^{page 81 note 3} Marquis de Castel Rodrigo.

^{page 81 note 4} Don Antonio Velasco.

^{page 82 note 1} Pierre Séguier, Duc de Villemor. He was succeeded by Etienne d'Aligre. Le Tellier did not become Chancellor until 1677.

^{page 82 note 2} François de la Mothe-Villebert, Vicomte d'Aspremont, made marshal in 1677.

^{page 82 note 3} Anne Marie, Mademoiselle de Valois (1669–1728).

^{page 82 note 4} Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, daughter of Gaston Jean Baptiste, Duc d'Orléans and brother of Louis XIII.

^{page 82 note 5} Turelles Thiballier, ‘ chef d'escadre.’

^{page 82 note 6} The droit d'aubaine was abolished in 1787, so far as British subjects were concerned.

^{page 83 note 1} Christine, queen of Sweden, abdicated in 1654 in favour of her cousin Charles Albert, and lived for some time in Rome.

^{page 83 note 2} ‘ Escadron.’

^{page 85 note 1} Elisabeth de La Tour de Bouillon, eldest daughter of Frédéric Maurice de La Tour, and second wife of Charles III., Duc d'Elbœuf.

^{page 85 note 2} Thomas Belasyse, Viscount Faueonberg, married Mary, daughter of Protector Cromwell.

^{page 86 note 1} Benedetto Odescalchi, later Pope Innocent XI.

^{page 86 note 2} Marie Louise de la Grange-Arquien.

^{page 86 note 3} Charles de Sainte-Maure, Marquis, later duc de Montausier (1610–1690).

^{page 86 note 4} Nicolas, Baron du Quesne.

^{page 86 note 5} M. Fubert.

^{page 86 note 6} François de Rochechouart, Chevalier de Jars.

^{page 87 note 1} Charles de Lorraine-Armagnac, Comte de Marsan, son of Henri, Comte de Harcourt-Armagnac.

^{page 87 note 2} A blank in the MS.

^{page 87 note 3} See letter dated March 26, 1670.

^{page 88 note 1} Puyguilhem.

^{page 88 note 2} Madame de la Vallière.

^{page 88 note 3} Jacob, Heer Jan Obdam, Baron van Wassenhaer, son of the great Dutch Admiral.

^{page 88 note 4} Marienbourg.

^{page 88 note 5} Cateau-Cambrésis.

^{page 88 note 6} Le Catelet.

^{page 89 note 1} Bapaume.

^{page 89 note 2} La Bassée.

^{page 89 note 3} St. Pol.

^{page 89 note 4} Hesdin.

^{page 89 note 5} Emilio Altieri (born 1590). He received no important promotion until his 79th year. In November 1669 Clement IX. made him cardinal, but died before he could give him the hat. He went to the Conclave without having received it and was elected Pope, April 29, 1670 (Ranke, , The Popes of Rome, vol. iii. p. 397Google Scholar).

^{page 90 note 1} Spain.

^{page 90 note 2} A Spanish coin.

^{page 90 note 3} Lord George Douglas of Dumbarton.

^{page 90 note 4} See Koch, and Schoell, , Histoire abrégée des Traités de Paix, vol. i. p. 344Google Scholar. The Duke of Lorraine died in 1675. (See letter dated June 7, 1670.)

^{page 90 note 5} This probably means a review of the troops.

^{page 91 note 1} Tournay.

^{page 91 note 2} To arrange about the signing of the Treaty of Dover.

^{page 91 note 3} See letter dated May 22, 1670.

^{page 91 note 4} Ferdinand II., Grand Duke of Tuscany.

^{page 91 note 5} Elizabeth Stuart, wife of Frederick, Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia.

^{page 91 note 6} Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover.

^{page 91 note 7} Sophia Charlotte of Hanover.

^{page 91 note 8} Louis was trying to reinforce the league against the Dutch. (Mignet, iii. 286–294.)

^{page 92 note 1} Galeazo Marescotti, Archbishop of Corinth.

^{page 92 note 2} Johann Erasmus, Graf Tattenbach. The London Gazette (April 13, 1670) speaks of the Count of Tattenbach as ‘ the principal instrument in the disturbances of Hungary.’

^{page 92 note 3} Mountaineers.

^{page 92 note 4} Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton.

^{page 93 note 1} Cadiz.

^{page 94 note 1} The King's Jesuit confessor.

^{page 94 note 2} M. Give.

^{page 95 note 1} The Protector.

^{page 95 note 2} Francis Hill. (See S. P., France, for letters.)

^{page 95 note 3} Sir John Reresby in his Memoirs (p. 82) says, ‘ The Duke of Orleans had been jealous for some time before of the Comte de Guiche, and if stories be true, not without ground. It was said, too, that she was in love with the Duke of Monmouth whilst at Dover.’

^{page 96 note 1} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 96 note 2} Godefroi Frédéric Maurice de la Tour d'Auvergne, Duc de Bouillon.

^{page 98 note 1} See London Gazette (July 14, 1670), which mentions that ‘ M. Akakia was recalled from Dantzic,’ so that he could not help Poland.

^{page 98 note 2} Don Juan Domingo Mendez de Haro (1640–1716), second son of Don Luis de Haro. Became Count of Monterey through his marriage with Donna Inés Francisca de Zuniga.

^{page 99 note 1} Formerly a sergeant in his Majesty's Guards (London Gazette, July 23, 1670).

^{page 99 note 2} Chevalier de Clermont, capitaine de galère.

^{page 99 note 3} Fez.

^{page 100 note 1} Jean Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay. Voltaire, Siècle de Louis XIV, says ‘ secrétaire d'Etat de la marine, qu'il rendit la plus belle de l'Europe.’

^{page 100 note 2} Louise de Prie, wife of Philippe de la Mothe-Houdancourt. Her daughter, Charlotte-Eléonore-Madeleine, married Louis Charles de Lévis, Duc de Ventadour, in 1672.

^{page 100 note 3} Anne, daughter of James, Duke of York. She had been suffering from an affection of the eyes, and had been sent to France for medical advice. Since the death of her grandmother, she had been under the care of ‘ Madame ’ (S. P., Dom.)

^{page 101 note 1} Mr. Codgill. For letter see S. P., France, July 19, 1671.

^{page 101 note 2} See letter dated June 28, 1670.

^{page 101 note 3} See letter dated June 14, 1670.

^{page 102 note 1} Charles de Champlais, Marquis de Courcelles.

^{page 102 note 2} Louis d'Oger, Marquis de Cavoie.

^{page 102 note 3} A tax which consisted of a tenth part of the produce of the land to be given to the Church or any ecclesiastical establishment.

^{page 102 note 4} Annibal d'Estrées, son of François Annibal, Duc d'Estrées.

^{page 102 note 5} Charles Honoré d'Albert, Duc de Chevreuse, de Luynes, et de Chaulnes.

^{page 102 note 6} Marie Louise, Mademoiselle d'Orléans (1662–1689).

^{page 102 note 7} Henri Senneterre, Marquis de la Ferté.

^{page 102 note 8} The poorest part of the population.

^{page 103 note 1} François Henri de Montmorenci, Duc de Luxembourg.

^{page 103 note 2} François René du Bec-Crespin, Marquis de Vardes.

^{page 103 note 3} René Gaspard de la Croix, Marquis de Castries, lieutenant-general.

^{page 103 note 4} Louis Pierre Scipion de Grimoard de Beauvais et de Montlaur.

^{page 103 note 5} François, Prince d'Harcourt, third son of Charles II., Duc d'Elbœuf.

^{page 103 note 6} Pierre Cardin le Bret, Sieur de Flacourt.

^{page 104 note 1} The anniversary of his death (died August 1669).

^{page 105 note 1} His cousin, Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, daughter of Gaston d'Orléans. The marriage did not take place, as Monsieur married Charlotte Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Lewis, Elector Palatine.

^{page 106 note 1} According to the London Gazette, dated September 28, 1670, Capt. Pierce and his lieutenant were executed, sentence having been passed by court martial.

^{page 106 note 2} Fouquet remained a prisoner at Pignerol until his death in 1680.

^{page 106 note 3} Marie Charon, daughter of Jacques Charon, Seigneur de Menars.

^{page 106 note 4} Elisabeth Turpin.

^{page 106 note 5} Charles, son of William VI. and Hedwig Sophia, daughter of George William Elector of Brandenburg.

^{page 106 note 6} English Ambassador at the Hague.

^{page 106 note 7} French Ambassador at the Hague.

^{page 106 note 8} See S. P., France. Letter dated August 23, 1670.

^{page 107 note 1} Sieur Hemskirke, Envoy Extraordinary from the United Provinces to the Emperor Leopold.

^{page 107 note 2} English Envoy in Paris. Appointed Secretary of State in 1669.

^{page 107 note 3} Buckingham's mission was concerned with an arrangement with Louis on behalf of the Protestants, and with measures to obtain some redress for the illusage which the English merchants suffered in the sale of woollen cloths. Before he left it was the firm belief in France that the league was broken. According to Mignet, Louis agreed to insist upon Charles giving the command of the English auxiliary forces to Buckingham (Mignet, vol. iii. pp. 221–225).

^{page 108 note 1} Pierre van Grotius.

^{page 108 note 2} Eléonore Marie, wife of Charles IV., Duc de Lorraine.

^{page 108 note 3} Nicolas de Bautru-Nogent, Marquis de Vaubrun, appointed Marshal in 1703.

^{page 108 note 4} Aisne.

^{page 108 note 5} Espinal.

^{page 108 note 6} The Triple Alliance.

^{page 108 note 7} Peter Stanley, brother to the Earl of Derby.

^{page 109 note 1} Henri Charles de la Trémouille.

^{page 109 note 2} I.e. desertion.

^{page 109 note 3} Henri Massué, Marquis de Ruvigny (1610–1689).

^{page 110 note 1} Vesle.

^{page 110 note 2} Fismes.

^{page 110 note 3} Charles IV. de Lorraine.

^{page 110 note 4} Nephew of Charles IV. and son of Nicolas de Lorraine.

^{page 111 note 1} Philibert, chevalier, afterwards Comte de Grammont.

^{page 111 note 2} Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kéroualle (1649–1734), later Duchess of Portsmouth.

^{page 111 note 3} Mark Ognate, Envoy Extraordinary from Spain.

^{page 111 note 4} Eleanora, daughter of Charles, second Duke of Mantua.

^{page 111 note 5} Pierre Van Grotius.

^{page 113 note 1} He left the Hague in Sept. 1670.

^{page 113 note 2} Chastel Surmoisy.

^{page 115 note 1} Prince Rupert, son of Frederick V. and Elizabeth of England (daughter of James I.)

^{page 116 note 1} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 117 note 1} In cipher and deciphered.

^{page 117 note 2} See p. 98, n. 2.

^{page 117 note 3} See letter dated Aug. 2, 1670.

^{page 118 note 1} See Montagu-Arlington Papers (Hist. MSS. Com.), p. 488.

^{page 118 note 2} See p. 159.

^{page 118 note 3} Probably Sieur Picquet, a merchant from Lyons, who, according to a letter from Colbert to Mazarin, held ‘ Le Bastion de France ’ in Oct. 1672.

^{page 119 note 1} François Bellinzani.

^{page 119 note 2} Charles Le Brun.

^{page 119 note 3} See London Gazette, dated Venice, November 8, 1670.

^{page 120 note 1} Carl Gaspar von der Leyen.

^{page 120 note 2} Wenceslaus Eusebius, Prince of Lobkowitz. He succeeded Aversberg as Prime Minister of Austria in 1670, and was overthrown by the Jesuits in 1676.

^{page 121 note 1} For a full account see Montagu-Arlington Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.), p. 490

^{page 121 note 2} In cipher and deciphered.

^{page 121 note 3} Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans.

^{page 121 note 4} Antoine Charles, Comte de Louvigny, afterwards Duc de Grammont.

^{page 122 note 1} Louis XIV. had given his consent to this marriage, but Mme. de Montespan used her influence to break it off on account of Lauzun's ambition. See Madame de Montespan et Louis XIV, par Pierre Clément, p. 32.

^{page 122 note 2} Gottlieb, Comte de Windischgrätz.

^{page 122 note 3} See p. 53, n. 5.

^{page 123 note 1} The members of the Conseil de Commerce, instituted in 1644. His object was to make a treaty of commerce between the King of Ardre (in Africa) and Louis XIV. See London Gazette, dated January 6, 1670.

^{page 124 note 1} In 1669, when the position of Grand Maître de l'Artillerie fell vacant by the resignation of the Duke of Mazarin, Louis secretly promised it to the Count of Lauzun, but the latter failed to keep the secret. Louvois heard of Louis's intention and dissuaded him from it. Lauzun, indignant, is said to have broken his sword in front of the King, saying he could never serve under a king who broke his word. He was imprisoned in the Bastille, but, through the intercession of his friend the Count Guitry, was pardoned and made le capitaine de la première compagnie française des gardes du corps. (See Nouvelle Biographie Générale, t. 29, p. 957.)

^{page 124 note 2} Trevor.

^{page 125 note 1} See Montagu-Arlington Letters (Hist. MSS. Comm.), p. 493.

^{page 125 note 2} Jean de Maupeau was Bishop of Chalon-sur-Saône, and Félix Vialar de Herse, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne.

^{page 125 note 3} Henri de la Motte-Houdancourt.

^{page 126 note 1} Jean de Montpezat de Carbon.

^{page 127 note 1} The date should be 1671 according to the letter which is attached to the MS.

^{page 128 note 1} Nuys.

^{page 128 note 2} Henri, Comte de Podewilts, 1618–1696.

^{page 129 note 1} John, second son of Christian Lewis, Duke of Brunswick-Zell.

^{page 129 note 2} Châlons-sur-Marne.

^{page 129 note 3} Nicolas le Camus.

^{page 129 note 4} François d'Aubusson, Maréchal de la Feuillade, 1625–1691.

^{page 130 note 1} Edouard Colbert, Marquis de Saint-Pouange et de Villacerf, cousin of Colbert.

^{page 130 note 2} Laurent d'Estavayé de Molondin.

^{page 130 note 3} Castelmelhor. See n. 6, p. 20.

^{page 130 note 4} Louis Joseph, Duc de Vendôme, and his brother Philippe, Chevalier, later Prince de Vendôme.

^{page 131 note 1} Metz.

^{page 131 note 1} Bonn.

^{page 132 note 1} Spain had paid the rest of the subsidy owing to Sweden in August 1670 (Mignet, vol. iii. p. 284).

^{page 132 note 2} Nuys.

^{page 132 note 3} Clara Clementina, cousin of Cardinal Richelieu.

^{page 132 note 4} For an account of this dispute see Histoire des Princes de Condé, par M. le Duc d'Aumale, t. vii. p. 291.

^{page 133 note 1} See Montagu-Arlington Letters, p. 493.

^{page 133 note 2} Godefroi, Comte d'Estrades. He had succeeded De Thou as Ambassador of France in Holland in 1669.

^{page 134 note 1} See p. 121, n. 3.

^{page 135 note 1} Majorca.

^{page 135 note 2} Charles O'Brien.

^{page 135 note 3} Louis de Courcillon, Abbé de Dangeau.

^{page 135 note 4} Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis de Dangeau.

^{page 135 note 5} See n. 3, p. 32.

^{page 136 note 1} The famous general, Count Königsmarck, a Swedish nobleman, killed at the siege of Bonn in 1673.

^{page 136 note 2} Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, had been at variance with the Bishop of Münster concerning Hoxter, which was under the protection of the Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel family. (See Cal. S. P. Dom. 1671, p. 14.)

^{page 136 note 3} Louis de Verjus, Comte de Crécy, French Envoy to Brandenburg.

^{page 137 note 1} Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche.

^{page 138 note 1} Jacques Henri de Durfort, Marquis, later Duc de Duras, nephew of Turenne.

^{page 139 note 1} See Montagu-Arlington Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.), p. 498.

^{page 140 note 1} Michel Chatenet de Bonneuil.

^{page 141 note 1} Madeleine de Wignerod, Duchesse d'Aiguillon, niece of Cardinal Richelieu.

^{page 141 note 2} Baily = bailli.

^{page 141 note 3} Claude Bazin, Sr. de Bezons, intendant of Languedoc, 1653–1673.

^{page 141 note 4} Comte de Montaigu, lieutenant-general of the King in Guienne.

^{page 141 note 5} Jean François de Polastron, Chevalier de la Hilière.

^{page 141 note 6} Archbishop.

^{page 142 note 1} Pierre-Paul Riquet, constructor of the ‘ Canal des Deux-Mers ’ or the ‘ Canal de Languedoc.’

^{page 142 note 2} Comte de Bardi Magalotti, Colonel of the Italian Regiment. See Montagu-Arlington Letters, p. 499.

^{page 143 note 1} Mézières.

^{page 143 note 2} Charles Colbert, Seigneur du Terron, uncle of Jean Baptiste Colbert, died in 1684.

^{page 146 note 1} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 147 note 1} John Dodington (Dorrington), Secretary to Lord Fauconberg's Embassy to Italy in 1670.

^{page 147 note 2} Charles III. de Lorraine, Duc d'Elbœuf (1620–1692).

^{page 149 note 1} Sir William Godolphin, English Ambassador in Spain.

^{page 149 note 2} Cardinal Cibo.

^{page 150 note 1} Jean Baptiste Colbert, son of the ‘ Grand Colbert,’ married Marie Marguerite d'Aligre, daughter of Charles Yves, Marquis d'Alègre.

^{page 150 note 2} See p. 299.

^{page 150 note 3} Godefroi Maurice de la Tour, Duc de Bouillon.

^{page 151 note 1} Minorca.

^{page 151 note 2} Father Patrick Maginn.

^{page 152 note 1} These words are underlined in the MS.

^{page 154 note 1} I.e. the governess of the Maids of Honour of the Queen.

^{page 154 note 2} See p. 7, n. 2.

^{page 154 note 3} See letter dated June 10, 1671.

^{page 156 note 1} I.e. swoonings.

^{page 156 note 2} Jerome Van Beverning (Beverningk), Spanish Ambassador to Holland in 1671.

^{page 157 note 1} Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex (1625–1674).

^{page 157 note 2} See Recueil des Instructions données aux Ambassadeurs et Ministres de France en Espagne, par A. Morel-Fatio, t. i. p. 261.

^{page 157 note 3} Pierre de Stuppa, Colonel of the Swiss Regiment.

^{page 159 note 1} Director of the French East India Company. According to the London Gazette dated September 4, 1671, he succeeded in clearing himself of all the charges made against him. See p. 118.

^{page 160 note 1} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 161 note 1} Anne de Gonzague, widow of Edward, Prince Palatine.

^{page 165 note 1} Sir Henry Jones, formerly lieutenant and captain in the Earl of Oxford's regiment of Horse Guards. He raised a regiment for the French king. Killed at the siege of Maestricht in 1673.

^{page 165 note 2} He died on September 1.

^{page 165 note 3} Louis de Lionne, Marquis de Berny.

^{page 165 note 4} Thomas Crow, Captain of the ‘ Merlin,’ arrested ‘ for failing to do his duty towards the Dutch men-of-war who refused to strike to the king's flag.’ S. P., Dom. 1671, p. 433.

^{page 165 note 5} Thomas Blood, son of Colonel Thomas Blood, arrested on the charge of stealing the crown. Evelyn says of this : ‘ How he came to be pardoned … I never could come to understand.’ He was pardoned on August 31,1671 (see S. P., Dom., 1671, p. 460).

^{page 166 note 1} M. de Pomponne succeeded M. de Lyonne as Minister of Foreign Affairs (see p. 167).

^{page 167 note 1} Louis François Le Tellier.

^{page 167 note 2} Probably the son of Sir Anthony Deane, Charles II.'s shipwright at Portsmouth. This money was for Mr. Dean's outfit. In a letter dated June 21, 1671, Perwich says : ‘ I have bought Mr; Dean a good substantiall suite that is decent & lasting, which with stockins, shooes, hat & garnitur cost me sixty-five livers. His going by the messenger will cost me twelve crownes, besides which I doe not reckon to you the expence I have been at here for his entertainment because it is considerable, hee having dined & lodged with me.’ According to the S. P., Dom., 1671, Sir Anthony Deane's son was in France at this time.

^{page 168 note 1} See letter dated July 22, 1671.

^{page 168 note 2} During October and November Perwich was evidently over in England (see Montagu Arlington Letters, p. 505).

^{page 168 note 3} Robert Spencer, second Earl of Sunderland.

^{page 168 note 4} Paul Fontanier Pellisson, the French Academician.

^{page 169 note 1} Van Beuninghen had been sent over to England in April, when the Dutch discovered Louis's intention to go to Flanders. The Dutch feared a union between Charles and Louis and charged Van Beuninghen to demand (1) the admission of the Emperor and the other princes of Europe into the Triple Alliance, or a separate treaty to be made between England, Sweden, Holland, and the Princes of Europe, by which each one must help to defend the other, if necessary; (2) that the contest about Surinam should come to an end and an agreement [be] made which would fix for the future the relations of the English and Dutch companies of the ‘ Indes Orientales.’ Charles had assured Colbert that the mission of Van Beuninghen would result in nothing and Louis was satisfied. (Mignet, vol. iii. p. 204.)

^{page 169 note 2} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 170 note 1} See p. 167.

^{page 171 note 1} From his Embassy in Sweden.

^{page 171 note 2} See letter dated January 13,167½

^{page 171 note 3} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 172 note 1} In 1662 the Dutch had taken advantage of an embassy sent to congratulate the King of France on his marriage with the Infanta of Spain to conclude an alliance with the Dutch which would ensure them her support in the event of a rupture with England. The contracting parties were to assist each other in maintaining all their possessions, rights, and privileges, that of the Dutch fishing being expressly named, and in case of either being attacked the other was to declare war against the enemy before the end of four months. (See Davies, , Hist. of Holland, vol. iii. p. 16.Google Scholar)

^{page 173 note 1} Jean Baptiste, Chevalier de Valbelle.

^{page 173 note 2} The first portion of this letter is missing.

^{page 174 note 1} François de Rochechouart, Marquis de Chandenier, 1611–1696 ; disgraced in 1651.

^{page 174 note 2} Maximilian Henry of Bavaria.

^{page 175 note 1} Newsmonger.

^{page 175 note 2} Alexandre le Bret, appointed lieutenant-genera in 1674.

^{page 176 note 1} Moselle.

^{page 176 note 2} Abraham du Quesne, named the ‘ Grand du Quesne.’

^{page 176 note 3} M. des Rabesnières de Treillebois de la Tremblade.

^{page 177 note 1} La Ciotat.

^{page 177 note 2} Premier.

^{page 177 note 3} Charles Ollier, Marquis de Nointel, French Ambassador in Constantinople.

^{page 177 note 4} Anne Hilarion de Cotentin, Comte de Tourville, Vice-Admiral of France.

^{page 177 note 5} I.e. Pascha.

^{page 178 note 1} Colonel Joseph Bampfield, at one time a Royalist agent, then spy to Cromwell. After the Restoration he entered the service of Holland. (See Dict. Nat. Biog ; and Ludlow's Memoirs, ii. 429).

^{page 178 note 2} René Brulart, Marquis de Genlis.

^{page 178 note 3} François Emmanuel de Blanchefort de Créquy, Comte de Sault, later Duc de Lesdiguières.

^{page 179 note 1} Charles, Duc de La Trémouille and de Thouars.

^{page 179 note 2} Madeleine de Créquy.

^{page 179 note 3} Consul at Cadiz.

^{page 179 note 4} Nicolas Auguste de Harlay, seigneur de Bonneuil.

^{page 180 note 1} Thionville.

^{page 180 note 2} English Minister at the Hague.

^{page 180 note 3} The son of Lewis, Lord of Lecke, and Elizabeth, Countess of Horn, 1632–1705. Related to William, Prince of Orange, in so far as they were both descended from William, Count of Nassau, who died in 1584.

^{page 181 note 1} Kaiserawerth.

^{page 181 note 2} Lintz.

^{page 181 note 3} I.e. blés.

^{page 181 note 4} Maestricht.

^{page 184 note 1} See pp. 118 and 159.

^{page 184 note 2} Armand de Cambout, Duc de Coislin (1635–1702).

^{page 184 note 3} Pierre de Cambout de Coislin (1636–1706).

^{page 184 note 4} See p. 33, n. 2. He was Governor to Louis in 1646.

^{page 184 note 5} Jules Paul, Abbé de Marmoutiers, second son of Hugues de Lionne.

^{page 185 note 1} Gaston Jean Baptiste de Lévis, Duc de Ventadour.

^{page 185 note 2} Charles Marie de Saulx, Marquis de Tavannes.

^{page 185 note 3} The third General of the Order of the Jesuits, born in 1510 and died in 1572.

^{page 185 note 4} François de Harlay de Champvallon.

^{page 185 note 5} Gilberto Borromeo.

^{page 185 note 6} Aoust.

^{page 186 note 1} I.e. the Feast of the Purification.

^{page 187 note 1} The lieutenant civil of the Châtelet (prison) of Paris.

^{page 188 note 1} Jacques Barrin, Sieur de la Galissonnière.

^{page 188 note 2} Schomberg.

^{page 189 note 1} i.e. Sainteté.

^{page 189 note 2} Anne Marie Martinozzi, widow of Armand de Bourbon, Prince de Conti.

^{page 190 note 1} The Spanish Ambassador.

^{page 190 note 2} Charles Lewis, Elector Palatine.

^{page 191 note 1} A footnote is attached to the MS. as follows : ‘ The Elector of Mentz solicited the Emperor for mediation between France, &c.’

^{page 192 note 1} i.e. Mécontent.

^{page 193 note 1} Constantin Ignace de la Tour, Chevalier de Bouillon.

^{page 193 note 2} Etienne d'Aligre.

^{page 193 note 3} The sons of Armand de Bourbon, the brother of the ‘ grand Condé.’ The eldest, Louis Armand, born 1661, married Mademoiselle de Blois, the daughter of Louis and Madame de la Vallière. The second, François Louis, Prince de la Rochesur-Yon, born 1664, married Adelaide de Bourbon.

^{page 193 note 4} See p. 189, n. 2.

^{page 193 note 5} François Amanieu d'Albret, Comte de Moissens, Seigneur d'Ambleville.

^{page 194 note 1} See letter dated Feb. 13, 1672.

^{page 194 note 2} Footnote to MS., ‘ But the Marq^s de Villeroy was disgraced because, as I hear, hee insinuated unto Madam to make that request.’

^{page 194 note 3} Le Grand Ecuyer, Louis de Lorraine, Comte d'Armagnac.

^{page 194 note 4} Hortensia Mancini, niece of Cardinal Mazarin and mistress of Charles II. (See Macaulay, , History of England from the Accession of James II., vol. i. p. 430Google Scholar ; St. Réal, Mémoires de la Duchesse de Mazarin; Evelyn's Diary, Sept. 6, 1676, and June 11, 1699.)

^{page 195 note 1} Lorrenz Georg von Krockow.

^{page 195 note 2} Jean de Coligny, Comte de Saligny (1617–1686).

^{page 195 note 3} Aimard de Poisieux, Marquis du Passage, lieutenant-general.

^{page 196 note 1} Sir Thomas Clifford.

^{page 197 note 1} See p. 185.

^{page 198 note 1} Catherine de Neuville, daughter of the Duc de Villeroi.

^{page 199 note 1} See letter dated Feb. 17, 1672.

^{page 200 note 1} Louis had been endeavouring since 1668 to form an alliance with the Elector of Brandenburg (Mignet, iii. 288).

^{page 200 note 2} Melchior Frédéric de Schœnborn.

^{page 201 note 1} Marie Thérèse.

^{page 202 note 1} Treaty of the Pyrenees, by which the Dutch and Spanish arranged to help each other.

^{page 202 note 2} Charles de Bats-Castelmor, Comte d'Artaignan.

^{page 203 note 1} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 204 note 1} Louis de Béthune, comte de Charoat.

^{page 204 note 2} Captain Francis Digby, son of George, Earl of Bristol.

^{page 204 note 3} Don Hieronimo de Quinones, member of the Supreme Council of War in Madrid He was subordinate to the Comte de Monterey, governor of the Low Countries.

^{page 204 note 4} Louis de Clermont d'Amboise, Marquis de Renel.

^{page 204 note 5} Jean François de la Baulme le Blanc, Marquis de la Vallière, governor of Bourbonnais.

^{page 205 note 1} Claude Antoine de Dreux, Comte de Nancré.

^{page 205 note 2} The Ambassador of Austria at the Hague.

^{page 205 note 3} ‘ Waggons ’ interlined in MS.

^{page 206 note 1} See p. 65.

^{page 206 note 2} Henri de Daillon, Comte, later Duc du Ludc, Grand Maître de l'Artillerie

^{page 206 note 3} Guy de Durfort-Duras, Comte, later Duc de Lorges.

^{page 206 note 4} Charles Félix de Galéan, Comte de Gadagne.

^{page 206 note 5} Charles de Montsaulnin, Comte de Montal.

^{page 207 note 1} Jean de la Cropte, Marquis de Saint-Abre, killed at Sintzeim in 1674.

^{page 207 note 2} Antoine de Foucault, killed at Turkheim in 1675.

^{page 207 note 3} Armand de Bautru, Comte de Nogent killed at the ‘ Passage of the Rhine June 22, 1672.

^{page 207 note 4} Marshals de Belfonds and d'Humières.

^{page 208 note 1} Ambassador from England.

^{page 208 note 2} Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy.

^{page 209 note 1} On the part of Sweden.

^{page 209 note 2} Anne Jules, Comte d'Ayen, later Due de Noailles.

^{page 209 note 3} Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis de Dangeau.

^{page 209 note 4} Louis, Marquis d'Estrades, who was made the Governor of Gravelines and Dunkirk after his father's death in 1711.

^{page 209 note 5} Footnote to MS., ‘ Charleroy.’

^{page 209 note 6} See p. 143, n. 1.

^{page 210 note 1} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 210 note 2} Don Antonio Pedro Gomez Davila Alvarez Osorio y Toledo, Marquis de San Roman, Marquis d'Astorga, Viceroy of Sicily 1672–1675.

^{page 210 note 3} Marquis de la Fuente.

^{page 211 note 1} François Marie Jules de Lillebonne.

^{page 212 note 1} Marguerite de Lorraine, wife of Gaston Jean Baptiste d'Orléans.

^{page 214 note 1} Adelheid Henrietta, wife of Ferdinand Maria of Bavaria.

^{page 214 note 2} i.e. the boundary line to the Swiss Cantons.

^{page 214 note 3} Melchior Harod, Marquis de Saint-Romain.

^{page 214 note 4} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 215 note 1} A footnote is inserted in the MS., as follows: ‘ Mareschal du Camp, Général des Armées du Roi, a title new created.’

^{page 216 note 1} James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II.

^{page 216 note 2} Honoré Courtin.

^{page 217 note 1} Tongres.

^{page 217 note 2} Conneroy.

^{page 217 note 3} Perwis.

^{page 217 note 4} Brancion.

^{page 217 note 5} Maseick.

^{page 218 note 1} Nahe, a river in Belgium.

^{page 218 note 2} Mignet, vol. iv. p. 4, says that Holland could be attacked from two sides—the Meuse and the Rhine. The Prince of Condé proposed to take Maestricht first, which belonged to the Elector of Cologne, so as to keep the Spanish in check. Turenne opposed this. His idea was to put troops in Maseick (on the Meuse), so as to block Maestricht, and then to march towards the Rhine. This idea prevailed. Turenne invested Maseick, and after the town had surrendered he fortified it and left a considerable garrison under the command of the Comte de Chamilly.

^{page 219 note 1} The Queen of Spain.

^{page 219 note 2} Isaac de Pas, Marquis de Feuquières.

^{page 219 note 3} Endorsed with this date at the back of the MS.

^{page 220 note 1} The enclosure is missing. Louis crossed the Meuse at Visé. situated between Liège and Maestricht, on May 17 (Mignet, vol. iv. p. 5).

^{page 221 note 1} Gustavus Adolphus (1594–1632), killed at the battle of Lützen.

^{page 221 note 2} John George, Elector of Saxony.

^{page 222 note 1} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 222 note 2} The Gazette is missing.

^{page 222 note 3} Orsol, Bürick, and Rhinsberg, on the left bank of the Rhine, and Wesel, Rees, and Merick, on the right, were occupied by Dutch troops. They defended the entry into their country on the side of the Gueldre and on the side of Germany (Mignet, vol. iv. p. 6).

^{page 222 note 4} Pierre de Mormés de Saint-Hilaire died in 1680. Perwich was evidently wrongly informed.

^{page 223 note 1} Louis François, Duc d'Anjou.

^{page 223 note 2} Louis encamped at Nuys on May 31, and remained on the left bank of the Rhine with Turenne, whilst Condé pitched on the right near the town of Kaiserswerth. These two places belonged to the Elector of Cologne; he had placed them at the disposal of Louis to help his passage (Mignet, vol. iv. p. 5).

^{page 224 note 1} Francis Egon von Fürstenberg.

^{page 224 note 2} The Prince de Condé.

^{page 225 note 1} Choiseul. See p. 33, note.

^{page 225 note 2} The famous ‘ Passage of the Rhine’ took place on June 22 (Mignet, iv. 9).

^{page 225 note 3} Schenkenschanz.

^{page 225 note 4} Voltaire (Siècle de Louis XIV, i. 397) says: ‘ La tête pleine des fumées du vin, il tira un coup de pistolet sur les ennemis, qui demandaient la vie à genoux, en leur criant: “ Point de quartier pour cette canaille.” II tua du coup un de leurs officiers. L'infanterie hollandaise désespérée reprit à l'instant ses armes et fit une décharge dont le duc de Longueville fut tué.’

^{page 225 note 5} Guy de Chaumont, Marquis de Guitry.

^{page 226 note 1} François, Due de La Rochefoucauld, Prince de Marsillac.

^{page 226 note 2} François Emmanuel de Blanchefort de Créquy, Comte de Sault, later Due de Lesdiguières.

^{page 226 note 3} Louis de Caillebot, Marquis de La Salle.

^{page 226 note 4} Louis de Clermont d'Amboise, Marquis de Renel; killed at the siege of Cambray in 1677.

^{page 226 note 5} Léon d'Esparbès de Lussan, Chevalier d'Aubeterre.

^{page 226 note 6} Françcois La Tour Gouvernet-Montauban, known as the ‘ Chevalier de Mesnil.’

^{page 227 note 1} Tolhaus. The taking of Orsay, Rhinsberg, Bürick, Wesel, Rees, and Emerick broke the line of defence formed by the Prince of Orange, who then marched to Rhenen to join the Count de Monterey (Mignet, iv. 8).

^{page 227 note 2} For the list of officers killed and wounded at the ‘ Passage of the Rhine’ see Histoire Militaire du Règne de Louis le Grand, by the Marquis de Guiney, i. 323.

^{page 228 note 1} See footnote 1, p. 209.

^{page 228 note 2} Jean Barthon, Vicomte de Montbas, had married Cornélie de Groot. Footnote to MS.: ‘ This man is of near kin to Grotius & was here some months before the warre, had severall conferences with M^r Pompone & Grotius himselfe is also much suspected.’ The word ‘ Montbar ’ is underlined in MS.

^{page 229 note 1} Thomas Chudleigh, Secretary to the Embassy to Sweden in 1673.

^{page 229 note 2} —— de Bouchet, Marquis de Sourches.

^{page 229 note 3} Count (Grave) Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange.

^{page 229 note 4} Anne de Bavière, wife of Henri Jules de Bourbon, first Duc d'Enghien.

^{page 229 note 5} Henri de Bourbon, Comte de Clermont.

^{page 229 note 6} Francesco Maria Mancini.

^{page 230 note 1} Hertogenbosch.

^{page 231 note 1} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 231 note 2} Warsaw.

^{page 232 note 1} The great nobles were anxious to get rid of Michael Wisniowieski. They took the Queen and the Emperor Leopold into their counsel, and Queen Eleanora agreed to comply with their wishes if they would choose Charles of Lorraine, to whom she was greatly attached. But Sobieski opposed any scheme which would place the country under the espionage of Austria, and exhorted them to choose the Due de Longueville (the nephew of Condé). Everything was ready for his election when news came that he was slain at the ‘ Passage of the Rhine.’

^{page 232 note 2} Duchesse de la Vallière.

^{page 233 note 1} Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria, married Adelheid Henrietta, sister of Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy.

^{page 233 note 2} René de La Tour du Pin, Marquis de Montauban.

^{page 234 note 1} General of the Cossacks.

^{page 235 note 1} This defeat was made by the Sultan Mohamed IV. and the Grand Vizier. In October 1672 Michael, King of Poland, signed the Peace of Buczacz (Oct. 18, 1672), the terms of which were greatly detrimental to the Polish interests (Story of Nations : Poland, p. 154).

^{page 235 note 2} See Recueil des Instructions données aux Ambassadeurs et Ministres de France : Pologne, par Louis Fargis, i. 118.

^{page 235 note 3} Seigneur de Valachie. This refers to the Peace of Buczacz. See note 1.

^{page 235 note 4} Baron de Goes. See Urkunden und Actenstücke zur Geschichte des Kurfürsten Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg, iii. 402–403.

^{page 236 note 1} Castello Vecchio.

^{page 238 note 1} Claude de Dreux.

^{page 238 note 2} See p. 46.

^{page 238 note 3} Endorsed at back of MS. with this date.

^{page 239 note 1} Louis, Chevalier de Rohan, youngest son of Louis VII. de Rohan, Prince de Guéméné, born 1635, executed 1674. ‘ Il était,’ according to La Fare, ‘ l'homme le mieux fait de son temps et de la plus grande mine.’

^{page 239 note 2} For the terms of peace proposed by the French Envoy (Monsieur Gaumont) see London Gazette, dated September 14, 1672.

^{page 240 note 1} D. Pedro Manuel Colon de Portugal y Sandoval, Duc de Veragua et de la Vega.

^{page 240 note 2} The cause of the differences between Savoy and Geneva was a dispute about the frontier towns (see London Gazette, 1672).

^{page 241 note 1} Henry Frederick Thynne, Clerk of the Privy Council.

^{page 241 note 2} Henry Coventry (1619–1686), Secretary of State, third son of Thomas, first Lord Coventry, and brother-in-law of Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury.

^{page 241 note 3} A distinguished Member of Parliament, and grandfather of the first Earl of Bath.

^{page 241 note 4} Son of John Clarges, a farrier in the Savoy, Strand.

^{page 241 note 5} Treaty of alliance between France and Sweden, signed July 4, 1672.

^{page 241 note 6} François Marie de l'Hôpital, Marquis, later Due de Vitry.

^{page 241 note 7} See p. 209, n. 3.

^{page 242 note 1} The Poles were still trying to get rid of Michael Wisniowieski.

^{page 242 note 2} Marie Mancini, Constable Colonna.

^{page 242 note 3} See letter dated June 4, 1672.

^{page 243 note 1} See p. 106, n. 5.

^{page 243 note 2} Julius Francis, Duke of Saxlavenburg.

^{page 243 note 3} By the Treaty of Cologne, 1672, Spain and the Elector of Brandenburg had promised to help the Dutch, but Brandenburg, feeling too feeble to do anything against Louis, had formed an idea of a league between the Emperor, the King of Denmark, the Dukes of Lunenburg, the Landgrave of Hesse, and all the German Princes who were alarmed at Louis's ambition. The Emperor and the Elector of Brandenburg had made a treaty on June 23, 1672, to defend themselves against France. This violated the treaty of November 1671, by which Leopold had promised Louis to remain neutral (Mignet, vol. iv. p. 76). See Koch and Schoell, Histoire abrégée des Traités de Paix, vols. i. and ii., for a full account of treaties during this period.

^{page 243 note 4} Perwich had evidently been in England from November 1672 until April 1673.

^{page 244 note 1} A treaty between the Elector and Louis, made April 10, by which the Elector agreed to give no further help to the Dutch. Louis was beginning to draw off the German Princes from the Dutch cause.

^{page 245 note 1} Leopold of Austria, 1640–1705, married (1) Marguerite Teresa, daughter of Philip IV. of Spain, who died in 1673; (2) Claudia Felicitas, daughter of Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Tyrol Innsbruck, who died in 1676; (3) Eleonora Maddalene, daughter of Philip William, Palatine of Neuberg.

^{page 245 note 2} Etienne Texier, Chevalier d'Hautefeuille.

^{page 246 note 1} Alexandre Louis, Duc de Valois (1673–1676).

^{page 246 note 2} See Tangier State Papers, Nov. 16, 1672.

^{page 246 note 3} The Moorish chief. For account of Gayland see History of the Second Queen's, now the Royal West Surrey Regiment, by Col.Davis, J., vol. i., Appendix B.Google Scholar

^{page 248 note 1} Sir Joseph Williamson, the Earl of Sunderland, and Sir Leoline Jenkins had been appointed joint plenipotentiaries from England to the Congress at Cologne.

^{page 248 note 2} See S. P., Dom., 1673, p. 313, for account of this victory.

^{page 248 note 3} Cornelius van Tromp.

^{page 248 note 4} Colonel James Hamilton. See S. P., Dom., 1673, p. 313.

^{page 248 note 5} Henry Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, 1621–1697.

^{page 250 note 1} Westslar.

^{page 250 note 2} Lon, a tributary of the Rhine.

^{page 250 note 3} Leopold Philip, Prince of Montecuculi.

^{page 251 note 1} Isabelle Angelica of Montmoreney, wife of Christian Louis, Duke of Mecklenburg (see Histoire des Princes de la Maison de Condé, par M. le Duc d'Aumale, vii. 390–391).

^{page 252 note 1} Pietro Bazadonna.

^{page 252 note 2} Frederic Caccia.

^{page 252 note 3} Sir Henry Jones was commanding a regiment of horse for Charles (Evelyn's Diary, June 1671).

^{page 253 note 1} Sir Joseph Williamson.

^{page 253 note 2} Louis attacked the town of Maestricht on June 10, and it capitulated July 2 (Mignet, iv. 147).

^{page 253 note 3} Small ships of war.

^{page 254 note 1} Claude de Tott, lieutenant-general of the King of Sweden.

^{page 255 note 1} Turenne was sent to Alsace to watch the movements of the Imperial troops and those of the Duke of Lorraine (Mignet, iv. 184).

^{page 256 note 1} See S. P., Dom., 1673, p. 475.

^{page 257 note 1} See S. P., France, letter dated Nancy, Aug. , '73.

^{page 258 note 1} On his way from Italy, where he had acted as English ambassador.

^{page 258 note 2} See p. 158.

^{page 258 note 3} Elizabeth d'Orléans, Duchesse d'Alençon, daughter of Gaston, Duc d'Orléans, and wife of Louis Joseph de Lorraine, Duc de Guise.

^{page 258 note 4} Maria of Modena, sister of Francis II., the reigning duke, and daughter of Alphonso d'Este and Laura Martinozzi, niece of Mazarin.

^{page 258 note 5} Sir Thomas Osborne.

^{page 258 note 6} Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury.

^{page 259 note 1} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 260 note 1} Mignet, vol. iv. p. 160, says: ‘The sea fight of August 21, 1673, between Prince Rupert and De Ruyter (won by the Dutch) made the Dutch less ready to accept the terms of the French and English.’

^{page 262 note 1} An offensive alliance had been made between the Dutch, the Emperor, the King of Spain, and the Duke of Lorraine (Mignet, vol. iv. p. 165).

^{page 263 note 1} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 264 note 1} Don Hierónimo de Quinones, a Spaniard.

^{page 264 note 2} Joannes Hartmann von Rosenbach, Bishop of Wü;rzburg and Worms.

^{page 265 note 1} This word is illegible in the MS.

^{page 265 note 2} In cipher, deciphered. A coalition had been formed against Louvois, headed by the Prince of Condé and Marshal Turenne. (See Histoire de Louvois, par Camille Rousset, i. 510–514.)

^{page 265 note 3} Maria of Modena was born in 1568, according to Anderson's Royal Genealogies, so that she was 15 years old.

^{page 266 note 1} Necker.

^{page 266 note 2} Jean Louis de Genouilhac, Sieur de Saint-Clas.

^{page 267 note 1} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 267 note 2} Created Earl of Tyrconnel by James II, and made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. (See Les derniers Stuarts à Saint-Germain-en-Laye, par la Marquise Campana de Cavelli, i. 93, &c.)

^{page 267 note 3} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 268 note 1} The Count de Monterey had declared war against France much to the surprise of the Queen of Spain (Mignet, vol. iv. p. 215).

^{page 269 note 1} François Fouquet.

^{page 269 note 2} Molina had been kept at the frontier to serve as hostage for the safety of the ambassador of Louis XIV.

^{page 270 note 1} In June 1672 De Witt had sent a deputation to Louis at the castle of Keppel, near Doesburg, to consult about peace, but nothing had been concluded. (Mignet, vol. iv. p. 22.)

^{page 270 note 2} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 271 note 1} Louis Charles d'Albert, Duc de Luynes. Died in 1690. He had been appointed the Governor of Brittany in 1670.

^{page 272 note 2} When Parliament met in England on October 30, they demanded that the Duke of York should marry a Protestant, so Charles prorogued Parliament for eight days (Mignet, vol. iv. p. 222).

^{page 272 note 3} In cipher, deciphered.

^{page 273 note 1} For the details of the journey of Maria of Modena through Savoy see Les derniers Stuarts à Saint-Germain-en-Laye, i. 104–105.

^{page 273 note 2} Parliament met again on November 6 and still insisted upon a Protestant alliance (Mignet, iv. 228).

^{page 274 note 1} See letter dated Nov. 1, '73.

^{page 274 note 2} James Forbes.

^{page 274 note 3} William George Richard Stanley.

^{page 274 note 4} The Earl of Derby had married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Butler, Ear of Ossory.

^{page 274 note 5} The town capitulated on November 12.

^{page 275 note 1} Cologne.

^{page 275 note 2} The suppression of the maids of honour was probably due to the influence of Madame de Montespan.

^{page 275 note 3} Jacques Bordier, resident in France 1668–1684.

^{page 276 note 1} Nicolas Joseph Foucault.

^{page 276 note 2} Nicolas Frémont, Seigneur d'Auneuil.

^{page 277 note 1} Ferdinand, Comte de Marsin, son of Jean Gaspard Ferdinand, Comte de Marsin.

^{page 277 note 2} Marie Isabelle, Comtesse de Ludres.

^{page 277 note 3} Hélène Fourré de Dampierre.

^{page 277 note 4} Mademoiselle Lydie de Rochefort-Théobon.

^{page 277 note 5} Louise Philippe de Coëtlogon.

^{page 277 note 6} Anne Poussart, daughter of François, Marquis de Fors.

^{page 277 note 7} Anne Lueie de la Mothe-Houdancourt. later Duchesse de la Vieuville.

^{page 277 note 8} Marie Françoise Echallard de la Marck.

^{page 277 note 9} Jeanne de Rouvroy.

^{page 277 note 10} Adrienne Philippine Thérèse de Lannoi, later Comtesse de Montrevel.

^{page 278 note 1} Edouard François Colbert, Comte de Maulévrier, fourth son of Nicolas Colbert, brother of the ‘grand Colbert.’

^{page 278 note 2} Alexandre Hippolyte Balthazar, Comte de Hennin, later Duc de Bournonville.

^{page 279 note 1} Louis Thomas de Savoie (1658–1702), son of Eugène Maurice, Comte de Savoie.

^{page 279 note 2} This marriage never took place, as two of the daughters of Louis Victor de Rochechouart, Duc de Vivonne, became nuns, a third married the Duc d'Elbœuf, and the remaining two were not married until 1693 and 1702.

^{page 279 note 3} See n. 1, p. 232.

^{page 280 note 1} The defeat of the Turks by John Sobieski at Kotzim and the death of the Polish King Michael Korybut Wisniowieski occurred on the same day, November 10, 1673.

^{page 281 note 1} Jean Baptiste, Chevalier de Valbelle.

^{page 281 note 2} Louis Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of Maine and Aumale and Comte d'Eu, born 1670; Louis Hector César de Bourbon, Comte de Vexin, born 1672; Louise Françoise de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Nantes, born 1673.

^{page 283 note 1} Cornélie de Groot, Vicomtesse de Montbas.

^{page 284 note 1} Françoise de Brancas, Princesse d'Hareourt, wife of Alphonse Henri Charles de Lorraine, Prince d'Harcourt.

^{page 284 note 2} Jeanne Marie Thérèse Colbert, Duchesse de Chevreuse, daughter of Jean Baptiste Colbert.

^{page 284 note 3} Anne de Rohan Chabot, Princesse de Soubise, wife of François de Rohan, Prince de Soubise.

^{page 284 note 4} Madeleine de Laval Bois-Dauphin, Marquise de Rochefort, wife of Henri Louis d'Aloigny, Marquis de Rochefort.

^{page 284 note 5} Marie, only daughter of Marshal d'Albret, and wife of Charles Amanieu 'Albret, Sire de Pons, known as the Marquis d'Albret.

^{page 285 note 1} Marguerite Louise de Béthune, widow of Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche. She married the Duc de Lude.

^{page 287 note 1} See letter dated January 10.

^{page 287 note 2} Ernest Rudiger, Comte de Staremberg.

^{page 287 note 3} The campaign of 1674 took place in Franche-Comté.

^{page 287 note 4} Early in January 1674 Charles announced to his Parliament that the Dutch had made overtures to him for peace (Mignet, iv. 259).

^{page 288 note 1} For the officers of this campaign see the Gazette de France for the year 1674, and La Chronologie Historique Militaire, par Pinard.

^{page 289 note 1} The siege of Gray took place on either February 27 or 28.

^{page 290 note 1} The English Parliament had been urging Charles to treat with the Dutch for terms of peace. Sir W^m Lockhart was despatched to France to assure Louis the friendship of England. In the meantime, England had concluded a separate treaty with the Dutch (Mignet, iv. 267).

^{page 290 note 2} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 290 note 3} See footnote 1, p. 248.

^{page 291 note 1} This treaty was made in February 1674 between Spain, the Emperor, the Elector Palatin, the Bishop of Münster, and the Elector of Cologne, by which each of the Powers withdrew help from France.

^{page 291 note 2} Françoise Morin, Marquise de Dangeau.

^{page 291 note 3} This refers to the trial of the Chevalier de Rohan. See p. 303 for particulars of the conspiracy.

^{page 292 note 1} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 292 note 2} See Histoire de Louvois, par Camille Rousset, t. ii. p. 99.

^{page 292 note 3} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 293 note 1} Louis de Rohan, youngest son of Louis, Prince de Guémené.

^{page 293 note 2} Etienne Jehannot de Bartillat, treasurer of the ‘Epargne.’

^{page 294 note 1} Anne de Saran had married the Marquis de Malorty de Villars for her second husband. She was at the time of this conspiracy a widow, and was presumably the mistress of De Rohan.

^{page 294 note 2} The Chevalier de Preéaux.

^{page 294 note 3} Sieur Gilles du Hamel de la Tréaumont, formerly an officer in the French army. He was the son of an auditor of the ‘Chambre des Comptes’ of Rouen.

^{page 294 note 4} Van den Enden, a Dutch schoolmaster, who had left Holland on account of the persecution, and had established himself at Piepus, near Paris.

^{page 294 note 5} See Archives de la Bastille, par P. Ravaisson, vol. vii.

^{page 294 note 6} François Marie de l'Hôpital, Marquis, later Due de Vitry.

^{page 294 note 7} Charles Gustave, Comte de Wrangel.

^{page 295 note 1} See p. 111, n. 2.

^{page 295 note 2} The famous Jesuit preacher.

^{page 296 note 1} The Chevalier d'Aigremont had frequently received Madame de Villars in his château of Tournebut.

^{page 296 note 2} See Les Archives de la Bastille, par F. Ravaisson, t. iv. p. 60, &c.

^{page 296 note 3} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 296 note 4} Charles de Gontaut de Biron. Beheaded in 1602.

^{page 297 note 1} Nimo Alvares Pereira de Mello, Duo de Cadaval. He married Mademoiselle d'Armagnac in 1679.

^{page 297 note 2} Marie Marguerite Ignace de Lorraine, ‘dame du palais’ of Marie Thérèse of Austria.

^{page 297 note 3} François de Rohan, Prince de Soubise, uncle of the Chevalier de Rohan.

^{page 298 note 1} Frederick, later Comte de Schomberg.

^{page 299 note 1} Charles Æmilius, son of Frederick William the Great, Elector of Brandenburg.

^{page 299 note 2} Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon.

^{page 299 note 3} Henry Hyde, who succeeded his father as Earl of Clarendon.

^{page 299 note 4} See p. 7, n. 6.

^{page 299 note 5} Paule Marguerite Françoise de Gondi.

^{page 299 note 6} Charles III., Due de Créquy, brother of Marshal Créquy.

^{page 299 note 7} Madeleine de Créquy. This marriage did not take place, as later she married Prince de Tarente.

^{page 299 note 8} Louis de Rohan Chabot, Prince de Léon, later Due de Rohan.

^{page 299 note 9} A false report, as Marie Casimir de la Grange, wife of John Sobieski, did not die until 1716.

^{page 299 note 10} John Sobieski, elected king in 1674.

^{page 299 note 11} The Archduchess Eleanora of Austria, widow of Michael Wisniowieski.

^{page 300 note 1} Gabriel, Comte de Briord.

^{page 300 note 2} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 300 note 3} Marie Anne de Bourbon, daughter of Louis XIV. and Madame de la Vallière.

^{page 300 note 4} François de Créquy, Comte de Canaples.

^{page 301 note 1} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 303 note 1} See Revue Hebdomadaire, December 1898 to January 1899, and an article in the Athenœum, February 4, 1899.

^{page 303 note 2} Acting at this time as the Spanish Governor in Flanders.

^{page 304 note 1} Claude Pellot.

^{page 304 note 2} The ‘Conspiration des Va-nu-piedg’ in 1639, suppressed by the chancellor Séguier.

^{page 305 note 1} Anne de Rohan, Princesse de Guémenć.

^{page 306 note 1} See p. 141, n. 3.

^{page 306 note 2} Auguste Robert, Chevalier de Pomereu.

^{page 306 note 3} Sieur le Mazier.

^{page 309 note 1} The last part of this letter is missing.

^{page 309 note 2} On the birth of Philippe, Duo de Chartres and, after his father's death, Duo d'Orléans. Born August 1674.

^{page 310 note 1} The next portion of this letter is in cipher.

^{page 312 note 1} Marguerite Gilbert de Roquefeuil, wife of Claude Yves, Marquis d'Aligre.

^{page 312 note 2} François Michieli.

^{page 313 note 1} See letter dated March 5, 1674.

^{page 313 note 2} Nimwegen.

^{page 314 note 1} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 314 note 2} Louis had encouraged this revolt in Messina by sending troops and food to help the insurgents, thus compelling the Spaniards to send their principal forces there Mignet, iv. 341, 342).

^{page 314 note 3} Flanders was the principal seat of war in the campaign of 1675.

^{page 315 note 1} Louis de Lorraine (1641–1718).

^{page 316 note 1} François d'Aix de la Chaise, known as Père de la Chaise, succeeded Père Ferrier in December 1674.

^{page 318 note 1} Louis de Bailleul, Marquis de Château-Goutier.

^{page 318 note 2} Philip Colonna, Prince of Sonnino.

^{page 318 note 3} Flavius Ursini, Duke of Bracciano.

^{page 318 note 4} Joannes Paulatius Sforza.

^{page 319 note 1} This refers to the death of Sir William Lookhart.

^{page 320 note 1} Créquy had been sent to the Moselle to prevent the Dukes of Lorraine and Lüneburg from invading the Electorate of Treves (Mignet, iv. 355).

^{page 321 note 1} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 321 note 2} Schutelem.

^{page 321 note 3} See Histoire des Princes de Condé, par M. le Due d'Aumalc, vol. vii. pp. 626–627.

^{page 322 note 1} Louis Grimaldi, Due de Valentinois.

^{page 322 note 2} Probably ‘les Isles d'Hy`res.’

^{page 323 note 1} François de Saint-Maurice.

^{page 324 note 1} Henry Francis, Count Mansfeld (1641–1715). He acted as Envoy from the Emperor.

^{page 324 note 2} Philip Thomas Howard, brother to the Earl of Arundel.

^{page 326 note 1} See footnote 1, p. 248.

^{page 327 note 1} I.e. six hours before sunset, according to the old Italian reckoning.

^{page 329 note 1} Francis Egon de Fürstenberg.

^{page 329 note 2} Hermann Egon de Fürstenberg.

^{page 329 note 3} Hugues, Chevalier de Terlon, French Ambassador to Sweden.

^{page 329 note 4} Probably the marriage of Anne Stuart, daughter of the Duke of York, with George, Prince of Denmark.

^{page 330 note 1} The Dues de Luxembourg, de Duras, de la Feuillade, de Navailles, de Vivonne, and the Comte d'Estrades, Comte Schomberg, and the Marquis de Rochefort.

^{page 330 note 2} Alexandre, Chevalier, later Marquis de Chaumont.

^{page 330 note 3} Corsica.

^{page 331 note 1} Pignerol.

^{page 331 note 2} The enclosure is missing.

^{page 332 note 1} Joseph de Pone de Guimera, Baron de Montclar.

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The Despatches of William Perwich, English Agent in Paris 1669 to 1677

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