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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009
page 3 note 1 The dissolution of this Parliament is described by Heywood Townshend (Historical Collections, pp. 45–49, ed. 1680) and D'Ewes (Journal of Parliaments of Elisabeth, ed. 1682, pp. 465–467). There are considerable variations in details from the account here given, but the substance is similar.
page 3 note 2 Sir Edward Coke, the future Chief Justice of the King's Bench, at this time Solicitor-General and Speaker.
page 3 note 3 Sir John Puckering, Lord Keeper, 1592–6.
page 3 note 4 Ina (D'Ewes's Report, p. 465).
page 5 note 1 Edward Drew, Serjeant-at-law and M.P. for the City 1593, was Recorder 1592–4.
page 5 note 2 Sir William Rowe, Lord Mayor, 1592–3.
page 6 note 1 Sir Roger Manwood, J. C. P. 1572 ; removed to the chief seat in the Exchequer 1578, occupying it for about fourteen years. (Foss's, Judges of England, vol. v. p. 516)Google Scholar. In Manningham's Diary (Camden Soc. vol. xcix. p. 91) the lines are differently given and the incident giving rise to them seems also to differ.
page 6 note 2 Francis Flower an infringement of his Patent is recorded in Acts of the Privy Council, (N.S.) vol xiii. p. 88: June 19, 1581, and in State Papers, Dom. 1591–4, p. 11, February 19,1591, there is a letter from him, dated at Sir Christopher Hatton's house in Ely Place.
page 6 note 3 Sir Christopher Hatton.
page 7 note 1 William Fleetwood, Recorder of London 1571–91.
page 7 note 2 Sir John Rainsforth. In Acts of the Privy Council (N.S.) vol. v. p. 328, August 11, 1556, there is mention of a recognisance for 1,000 marks that he should remain at his lodgings in London or within two miles of the same, and be forthcoming when called for.
page 7 note 3 Probably Sir Robert Gardiner, Ch. J. Q. B. of Ireland 1585–1604, with whom Wilbraham was associated in several commissions in Ireland at this time. (Acts of the Privy Council (N.S.) vol. xxiv. 1593, pp. 287 and 290.)
page 7 note 4 Thomas Luttrell, Richard Anger or Aungier, and William Whiskins were all members of Gray's Inn. Anger and Whiskins were old benchers and had held the office of treasurer, while the date of Luttrell's admission is 1580. (The Pension Book of Gray's Inn ; and Gray's Inn Register, J. Foster.)
page 8 note 1 In the Calendar of Ancient Records of Dublin, vol. ii. p. 265, the name of the mayor at this time is given as James Janes.
page 8 note 2 This should be 12 Eliz., i.e. 1570.
page 8 note 3 Nicholas Saunders, the famous author of De Visibili Monarchia Ecclesice, who, landing in Ireland in 1579, incited Desmond to revolt, and perished there in 1581.
page 8 note 4 Cardinal Allen, founder of the English College at Douay, who in 1588 published his violent pamphlet against the Queen entitled ‘An Admonition to the People of England,’ advocating the Spanish invasion of England and declaring the Papal sentence of excommunication against Elizabeth.
page 9 note 1 Michael Chamberlain, Mayor of Dublin 1596–7 (Cal. of Ancient Records of Dublin, vol. ii. p. 298.
page 9 note 2 William Gerrard, admitted Gray's Inn 1572: in the Pension Book of Gray's Inn, p. 99, there is an entry dated May 9, 1593, mentioning him as Cleri of the Duchy.
page 10 note 1 Thomas Lancaster, admitted Gray's Inn 1569. Other jests of his are recorded by Wilbraham.
page 10 note 2 Christopher Yelverton, admitted Gray's Inn 1552, Serjeant 1589, Speaker 1597, and J. K. B. 1602 (Foss's Judges).
page 10 note 3 Thomas Harris, of the Middle Temple, Serjeant 1589.
page 10 note 4 John Glanville, admitted Lincoln's Inn 1567, Serjeant 1589, J. C. P. 1598.
page 10 note 5 Yelverton was considerably senior to Harris and Glanville, and evidently their superior in reputation, having been Reader in his Inn in 1574, while Harris was not elected a Reader till 1588 and Glanville only in 1589. The other Serjeants of 1589 were Edward Drew, John Cooper (Inner Temple), Thomas Hamond (Gray's Inn), and Thomas Owen (Lincoln's Inn). Dugdale Chronica Series (1680), p. 99.
page 10 note 6 Townshend does little more than give a bare record of the Queen's coming and the two speeches here given. (Townshend, Hist. Col. ed. 1680, p. 126.) D'Ewes (Journal of Parliaments of Elizabeth, pp. 546–7) has a somewhat fuller account, but both in substance and in detail, so far as the speeches, at any rate are concerned, is inferior to the report which Wilbraham has given. In the Lord Keeper's speech for instance the complaint concerning the Judges and Justices of the Peace is omitted.
page 12 note 1 Hilary term ended February 21; the date would therefore be February 25,1598.
page 13 note 1 Sir Hugh Beeston, of Beeston, Knight, son of Sir George Beeston, who died in 1601, aged 102. Sir Hugh died in 1626, aged 56. (Ormerod's Hist, of Cheshire, 2nd ed. vol ii. p. 272.)
page 13 note 2 Lawrence Tanfield, admitted Inner Temple 1569: J. K. B. 1606 and C. B. Exch. 1607 (Foss's Judges).
page 13 note 3 On Good Friday a sermon was preached at Paul's Cross on Christ's Passion : and on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday in Easter week sermons were preached at the Spital or pulpit cross of St. Mary's, Spitalfields, ‘to persuade the article of Christ's Resurrection.’ And then on Low Sunday a learned divine at Paul's Cross made ‘Rehearsal of these four former sermons, either commending or reproving them as to him by judgment of the learned divines was thought convenient. And that done, he was to make a sermon of his own study.’ The Mayor and Aldermen attended these sermons. (Stowe's, Survey of London, edited by Thoms, W. J., and note thereto, p. 63.Google Scholar) See also Remetnbrancia, City of London, 1579–1664, pp. 367–8, where the City asserts, to the Council, its right of appointment of the preachers at St. Mary's Spital on the three usual days in Easter week: ‘though they had usually acquainted the Lord Bishop of London with their names that he, knowing who they were, might the more fitley appoint a preacher for the Rehersal Sermon at Paul's Cross.’
page 14 note 1 l Sam. xvi. 14.
page 14 note 2 As a matter of fact there were eight popes and four French kings between 1558 and 1598.
page 14 note 3 Dr. Edward Grant, Camden's predecessor at Westminster School, a scholar poet, and preacher.
page 15 note 1 Charles, Lord Howard of Effingham, at this time Earl of Nottingham.
page 15 note 2 Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex.
page 15 note 3 Roger, Lord North, was not a Knight of the Garter: and his name is erased in the MS.
page 15 note 4 Sir Henry Lee.
page 15 note 5 Thomas Bilson.
page 15 note 6 Robert Bennett.
page 15 note 7 On November 14, 1601, complaint was made in the House of Lords on behalf of Mr. Connisby, Gentleman Usher, that in the last Parliament the Serjeant-at-Arms had been employed in bringing in persons before the Lords upon breach of privilege of the House, whereas this duty belonged to the office of the Gentleman Usher. (Townshend, Hist. Col. ed. 1680, p. 133.)
page 16 note 1 George Carey, second Lord Hunsdon.
page 16 note 2 Probably Sir John Poyntz, of Iron Acton, Gloucestershire. Aubrey, in a note on his son, SirPoyntz, Robert, speaks of the family as having been ‘men of note at Court’ (Brief Lives, A. Clark, vol. ii. p. 172)Google Scholar. He does not seem to have actually ever held the post of Vice-Chamberlain, which would appear to have remained vacant between the death of Sir Thomas Heneage, in October 1595, and the appointment of Sir John Stanhope in 1601l(S. P. Dom. 1598 and 1601, pp. 103, 227). In S. P. Dom., 1598–1601, p. 544, Feb. 3, 1601, Sir John Stanhope, before his actual appointment, is mentioned as appointed to serve as Vice-Chamberlain in the absence of the Lord Chamberlain.
page 17 note 1 John Crooke or Croke, of the Inner Temple, Recorder of London 1595–1603, and Speaker of the House of Commons in 1601: J. K. B. 1607 (Foss's Judges).
page 18 note 1 Sir Amias Paulet in Cavendish's Wolsey (ed. Singer, vol i. p. 6).
page 18 note 2 Num3ers xxvii. 8: ‘ If a man die, and have no son, then ye shall cause his inheritance to pass unto his daughter.’
page 18 note 3 2 Esdras vi. 42.
page 19 note 1 Sir Randle Brereton, second son of John Brereton of Eccleston and Wettenhall (Ormerod's Cheshire, vol. ii. p. 195), admitted Gray's Inn 1553 (Gray's Inn Admission Register, 23).
page 19 note 2 Acton near Nantwich. John Lowe was vicar 1559–1601. The manor was bought by Roger Wilbraham in 1602, and passed over to his younger brother, Ealph. (Ormerod's, Cheshire, vol. iii. p. 345.Google Scholar)
page 19 note 3 Dr. John Caius, the founder and first Master of Gonville and Caius College, died 1573.
page 20 note 1 J. C. P. June 30, 1598.
page 20 note 2 William Mill: no member of Gray's Inn of that name. This is probably the Attorney and Clerk of the Star Chamber circa 1579–1608. (Les Beportes del Cases in Camera Stellata, 1593–1609, W. P. Baildon, pp. 1, 95 ; and State Papers, Dom., 1598–1601, p. 57.) The office of the Clerk of the Star Chamber seems to have been in Gray's Inn. (Pension Book of Gray's Inn, pp. 157, 321.) At a Pension, June 19,1588, Mr. Mill is ‘ allowed to sit with the Readers at their table in respect of his place and office’ (ibid. 81); and at a Pension, June 10, 1599, there is mention of the ‘ chamber where Mr. William Mill lieth adjoyninge to Graies Inn Lane on the east’ (ibid. 143).
page 21 note 3 Nicholas Fuller, admitted Gray's Inn 1563, Reader 1587 (Gray's Inn Pension Book, 76), Joint Treasurer 1591 (ibid. 500). In the first Parliaments of James I.a strong supporter of the Puritans, and employed as a lawyer to plead their cause. His defence of Ladd and Maunsell, who had suffered in the High Commission Court, caused his imprisonment in 1608. (Gardiner's Hist., 1883, vol. ii. p. 40.)
page 21 note 4 Edmund Pelham, admitted Gray's Inn 1563, called 1574 (Pension Book, 19), Reader 1588 and 1601 (ibid. 79, 151), Serjeant 1601, and Chief Baron Irish Exchequer 1602.
page 21 note 5 Richard Barker, admitted Gray's Inn 1569 (Foster's Gray's Inn Admission Register, 40); called 1576 (Pension Book, 27); elected an Ancient at a Pension May 29, 1579, on the recommendation of Burghley; see Burghley's letter, received May 26, 1579, to the Benchers, wherein it is stated that Barker had been chosen by the late Lord Keeper Bacon to be ‘ an instructor to his two sonnes,’ when he placed them in Gray's Inn ‘ for the attaining of some knowledge in the studie of the lawe’ (ibid. 37): Reader 1594 and Joint Treasurer 1596 (ibid. 106, 500).
page 21 note 6 James Altham, admitted Gray's Inn 1575; Wilbraham's ‘ chamber fellow’ (vide post, August 16, 1600); called 1581; Reader 1600 (vide post, August 16, 1600)) and Double Reader 1603; Serjeant 1603 ; Exchequer Baron 1606. (Foss's Judges.)
page 21 note 7 Henry Brooke, eighth Lord Cobham.
page 22 note 1 Cales for Cadiz. Sixty-three knights were made there after its capture by Essex and the Lord Admiral. (S. P. Dom., 1596–7, p. 263.) Essex was too profuse in his distribution of honours in Ireland also, for Chamberlain writing to Carleton, Aug. 23, 1599, mentions 59 knights made by him, and fears that ‘ his huddling them up by half hundreds will bring the order into contempt.’ (S. P., Dom., 1598–1601, p. 306.)
page 22 note 2 Sir George Carew or Carey, Treasurer-at-War in Ireland.
page 22 note 3 Sir Horatio Palavicino, the great merchant and political agent, passed the last years of his life at his Manor of Babraham near Cambridge, where he died in 1600. (Diet. Nat. Bio.)
page 22 note 4 1599.
page 22 note 5 Theobalds in 1599 still belonged to the Cecils, as the exchange with the King for Hatfield was not until 1607 (Brewer's English Studies, p. 114). Compare a description given by Burghley, in Nichols's, Progresses of Queen Elisabeth (vol. ii. pp. 400–3)Google Scholar.
page 23 note 1 I have not been able to trace this name. The MS., besides, is a little obscure. On the death of Dr. Croke, several preachers seem to have been tried at Gray's Inn; and finally, about July 1599, Dr. Richard Fenton was elected (Pension Book of Oray's Inn, p. 141). Possibly ‘ Bancroft’ should be read, and then it may be John Bancroft, nephew of Richard, the then Bishop of London. John Bancroft, afterwards Bishop of Oxford, graduated at Oxford in 1596, and was collated to Finchley in 1601 (Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. ii. p. 176). Richard Bancroft, as rector of St. Andrew's, Holborn, 1587–97, had been closely connected with Gray's Inn, as his church was much used by the members of the society. (Pension Book, Mr. Fletcher' note p. 150.)
page 24 note 1 Thomas Butler, tenth Earl of Ormonde, in 1597 Lord-Lieutenant-General of the Forces in Ireland, and in 1599 Treasurer there for the second time.
page 24 note 2 Florence McCarthy, at this time (spring 1599), had endured twelve years of imprisonment (for the most part in London) and vain suits, his troubles with the Government beginning in 1587, by reason of his marriage with the only daughter and heiress of the Earl of Clancarty. (Acts of the Privy Council, vol. xvi. pp. 147, 381, and succeeding volumes, passim.) In 1595 Sir Geoffrey Fenton, Secretary to the Council at Dublin, urges Burghley to detain Florence McCarthy, on account of his ‘ Spanish affection.’ (Cal. of State Papers, Ireland, 1592–6, p. 421.) In April 1599 Cecil writes to Essex proposing to make use of his influence in Munster against the rebels, and so at last his claim to the lands of the Earl of Clanoarty, in right of his wife, seems to obtain favour. (Cal. S. P., Irel., 1599–1600, p. 25.) In the same month he is in Ireland corresponding with Cecil (ibid. 14). The fears of the Chief Justice, here expressed, appear to be well grounded, for on February 29, 1600, we find Chamberlain writing to Carleton, from London, ‘Florence McCarthy, lately made much of here, has fallen away in Munster and made himself Macarty Moore, a great title in those parts, and will probably do much harm.’ (S. P. Dom., 1598–1601, p. 402.) For an ‘ abstract of several Treasons committed by Florence McCarthy,’ see Calendar of State Papers, Carew, 1589–1600, pp. 514–515, and also of the reasons he ‘ allegeth to prove’ that the Earl of Clancarty's lands ought to descend to Ellen his wife and to her heirs, in Carew's hand (ibid. 516).
page 24 note 3 David FitzJames, Lord Barry, Viscount Buttevant, member of the Council in Munster.
page 24 note 4 Patrick Condon's case was against certain undertakers, who had entered on his lands in Munster during the deputyship of SirSidney, Henry, when Condon was indicted and attainted of treason. (Acts of the Privy Council, vol. xxi. 1591, p. 339, and vol. xxiii. 1592, p. 74.)Google Scholar The case dragged on, and in 1597 he had been a suitor for nine years. (Cal. S. P. Irel., 1597–8, p. 348.)
page 24 note 5 ‘ This Patrick (Condon), being weak, was mightily backed by one Henry Pine, of Moghelly, an English gentleman, which furnished the Spaniards with pipe-staves, and Patrick with money, enriched himself, and forgot English sympathy.’ (Cal. 8. P., irel., 1599–1600, p. 499.) Sir Walter j Raleigh had a grant with others for the export of pipe-staves from Munster to Spain. (Acts of the Privy Council, 1592–3, vol. xxiv. pp. 6, 336.)
page 25 note 1 James Fitz Thomas Fitzgerald, heir of the disinherited elder son of James fourteenth Earl of Desmond. His claim to the earldom was not recognised by Elizabeth. In 1598 he joined Tyrone in rebellion.
page 26 note 1 Viscount Bnttevant, member of the Council in Munster, writing on November 4, 1599, to Cecil, who is ‘ desirous to understand the certainty of all things in this kingdom and particularly in this province,’ refers to Crosby thus : ‘ If I were to pick out one in the whole realm for that purpose I would make choice of him.’ (Cal. S. P. Irel, 1599–1600, p. 226.) Elsewhere he is spoken of as. ‘ one that since the beginning of all these rebellions in Munster hath remained in my Lord President's house with him, and can best inform your Honour of the present state here, and the best means for reducing it to a settlement of any that I know.’ (Letter of Kingsmill to Cecil, August 21, 1599, from Mallow, ibid. 128.)
page 26 note 2 The alarming state of Ireland here described and the plan suggested for its recovery are referred to in (1) a letter from Sir Thomas Norris, President of Munster, from Cork to the Privy Council, December 9, 1598 (Cal. S. P. Irel., 1598, pp. 399–400): (2) letter of Queen Elizabeth endorsed by Cecil, ‘ For Munster,’ wherein the information is said to come from ‘ our subject P.C ’(i.e Patrick Crosby), ibid. 1599 p. 363; (3) a long report, endorsed ‘For Sir George Carew,’ concerning the state of Ireland (ibid. 365–370).
page 26 note 3 Father James Archer of Kilkenny, ‘ called the Pope's legate.’ (Queen's letter supra.)
page 26 note 4 Dr. McCragh or Creagh, ‘ called the Pope's Nuncio,’ and ‘ usurped bishop of Cork.’ (Ibid.)
page 26 note 5 Captain Richard Tyrell, a rebel leader.
page 26 note 6 William Fitzgerald, Knight of Kerry, ‘ one of the principal traitors’ in Munster.
page 26 note 7 Sir Thomas Norris, late President of Munster, died of a wound on August 16, 1599, at Mallow. (Cal. 8. P. Irel., 1599–1600, p. 128.).
page 27 note 1 David Fitz James, Lord Barry, Viscount Buttevant.
page 27 note 2 Maurice, Lord Boche, Viscount Fermoy.
page 27 note 3 John Fitz Edmond, called in the Queen's letter, supra, ‘ our good old servitor.’ (Cal. S. P. Irel, 1599–1600, p. 363.)
page 27 note 4 Fynen O'Driscoll.
page 27 note 5 Cormac McDermot, chief of Muskerry.
page 27 note 6 Florence McCarthy, vide ante, p. 24, note.
page 27 note 7 Alias McCarthy Beogh, chief of Carberry (see Cal. S. P. Irel, 1592–6, where the name is printed Na Pipi, Ne Pipee and Pypy). His wife was Desmond' sister (ibid., 1599–1600, p. 364).
page 27 note 8 Oway or Onie McBorie, son of Rory Oge O'Moore, chief of the Moores.
page 27 note 9 Donnell Spainagh, a chief of the Kavanaghs.
page 27 note 10 ‘ The likeliest men in Leinster are Onie McBory, Donnell Spainagh, and Captain Tyrell. These be the men that raised all the rebellion in Munster, and these be the men that may surpress it.’ (Cal. S. P. Irel, 1599–1600 p. 367.)
page 27 note 11 Miler Magrath, Archbishop of Cashel, 1571–1622.
page 27 note 12 Camden practically gives this, Annales Reg. Eliz. (1627) vol. ii. p. 155 &c.
page 30 note 1 Sir William Warren held a parley with Tyrone, at the Fort of the Blackwater, towards the end of September, 1599. (Cat. S. P. Irel, 1599–1600, pp. 173–4.);
page 31 note 1 Essex landed at Dublin April 14, 1599, and left Ireland September 24, 1599. A very clear account of Essex's brief span of office is given by Mr. E. G. Atkinson in the preface to the Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, 1599–1600.
page 31 note 2 Essex met Tyrone at the Ford of Bellaclynthe, near Drumcondra, on September 7, 1599 (Cal. S. P. Irel, 1599–1600, p. 146).
page 32 note 1 See his letter to Cecil, dated November 15, 1599, at Westminster, offering his services to the Queen to go to Tyrone (Cal. S. P. Irel., 1599–1600, p. 244); a Privy Council letter, dated December 2, 1599, informing the Lords Justices in Ireland that the Archbishop has Her Majesty's commission to confer with any rebels save Tyrone (ibid., 286–7); and the Archbishop's letter to Cecil, dated December 15, 1599, West Chester, where this plan is unfolded, but in less detail (ibid. 324–6).
page 32 note 2 James Fitzgerald, the ‘ Tower Earl’ of Desmond, for 16 years a prisoner in the Tower. In October 1600 he was sent by the Government to Ireland in the hope that the Geraldine faction would desert his rival the ‘ Sugan Earl’ to rally round him as their genuine chief.
page 34 note 1 Sir John Hele, of the Inner Temple: Serjeant 1594, and M.P. for Exeter 1592–1601; alleged to be ‘ drunken, insolent, and overbearing.’
page 35 note 1 John Pyne, Reader, Lincoln's Inn, 1596 (Dugdale's Orig. Jurid. p. 254).
page 35 note 2 Richard Vaughan, 1597–1604.
page 35 note 3 Sir George Beeston's monument is in Bunbury Church (Ormerod's Hist, of Cheshire, vol. ii. p. 263, 2nd edition).
page 35 note 4 Christopher Harvey, Vicar of Bunbury, 1594–1601 (Ormerod's Hist, of Cheshire, vol. ii. p. 260). Bunbury was a parish in which the Puritans were very strong (ibid. p. 259).
page 35 note 5 27 Eliz. ca. 9: An Act for Reformation of Errors in Fines and Recoveries &c.
page 37 note 1 Sir George Beeston died in 1601, aged 102 (see his monument in Bunbury Church as given by Ormerod in his History of Cheshire, vol. ii. p. 263).
page 37 note 2 Dr. Anthony Watson, bishop of Chichester, appointed Queen's Almoner about 1593. (Die. Nat. Bio.)
page 37 note 3 1601.
page 37 note 4 For a summary of this policy of debasing the Irish coinage, see Gard. Hist. vol. i. p. 365.
page 40 note 1 William Rastall, J.Q.B. 1558–1562. The references are to his collection of all the statutes from Magna Charta to 1, Elizabeth, arranged under their subjects in alphabetical order.
page 41 note 1 In the Reports of Townshend (pp. –149–151) and D'Ewes (pp. 618–9) the speeches of the Speaker and the Lord Keeper are far less fully given than here, while the Queen's speech is entirely omitted.
page 44 note 1 This fine speech of the Queen is not even mentioned in the Parliamentary Reports, nor have I been able to find any report of it elsewhere. Carleton, however, in a letter dated London, December 29, 1601, to Chamberlain, writes: ‘ The Parliament ended on Saturday seven night. I was present as a burgess, and heard good counter-clawing and interchangeable flattery between the Speaker and my Lord Keeper in behalf of the Queen. The Queen concluded all with a long speech, which was much commended by all those who heard her: the Bishop of Durham told me he had never heard her in a better vein.’ (S. P. Dom., 1601–3, p. 134.)
page 46 note 1 Philip III. became king in 1598; in 1601 he was twenty-three years of age.
page 47 note 1 Robert Lee.
page 49 note 1 A list of the army as it stood on January 1, 1603, gives a total of 13,100 men (Cal. of State Papers, Carew, 1601–3, pp. 396–8); while in a statement bearing date March 81, 1602, from the ‘ Treasurers’ accounts,' the entertainment of the army in Ireland from April 1, 1601, to March 31, 1602, ‘ The Lord Mountjoy being Lord Deputy,’ amounts to 322,502l. os. ljd. (ibid. p. 504).
page 49 note 2 Sir William Knollys, to Dec. 1602 (S. P Dom. 1601–3, p. 271).
page 50 note 1 Clerk of the Council.
page 50 note 2 Ralph, third Lord Eure or Evre, Vice-President of the Council of the North (S. P. Dom. 1601–3, p. 155).
page 50 note 3 Sir David Dun or Donne.
page 50 note 4 Sir Stephen Le Sieur. On June 17, 1603, payment is made out of the Exchequer to ‘ Master Stephen Le Sieur,’ lately sent as assistant to the ambassadors of her late Majesty on a mission to the King of Denmark (Devon's Exchequer Issues, p. 3). He was knighted in 1608 (Metcalfe's Book of Knights, p. 159), and naturalised in 1624 (Statutes at Large, 21 James I., Private Acts, Table of Contents; see also Diet. Nat. Bio.)
page 51 note 1 For this embassy see S. P. Dom. 1601–3, p. 246, Chamberlain to Carleton.
page 51 note 2 Vide ante, p. 24.
page 51 note 3 Richard Swale, civilian, President of Caius College, Cambridge, appointed in 1587 a Master of Chancery through the influence of Sir Christopher Hatton, who is said to have relied on his legal knowledge for guidance in the discharge of his duties as Lord Chancellor. (Diet. Nat. Bio).
page 51 note 4 Lord Deputy of Ireland 1584–91. Recalled and tried for high treason, he was found guilty on very insufficient evidence. He died in prison in September 1592. Thomas Phelippes writes, March 22,1591: ' Sir John Perrot was committed to the Tower.… There is a diversity of opinion respecting him, as men are diversely inclined to the Chancellor or the Lord Treasurer, who was said to be sick when Perrot was sent to the Tower, and has not left his chamber since.… The Earl of Essex [favours him] … but the Chancellor has great dependency, and if his proofs are as evident as the accusations are odious they will weigh all down.' (S.P. Dom. 1591–4, p. 21.)
page 53 note 1 For this appeal to the Pope see a letter of Thomas Phelippes to Cecil November 3, 1602 (S.P.Dom. 1601–3, p. 254), and the Pope's bull to Blackwell the Archpriest, Sept 25, Oct. 5, 1602 (ibid. pp. 257–8).
page 53 note 2 Lord Keeper Egerton.
page 53 note 3 John Hele, of the Inner Temple; called to the Bar 1574; to the Bench 1589; Serjeant 1594 ; Queen's Serjeant May 1602.
page 53 note 4 Genesis xlix. 14, 15.
page 55 note 1 James set out from Edinburgh on April 5 (Gard. Hist. i. p. 87).
page 55 note 2 Roger Wilbraham did not neglect his own interests, as is shown by a letter from Mr. Simon Thelwal to Dr. Dunn, Dean of the Arches, and one of the Masters of Bequests, then at Bremen in the Embassy mentioned above. ‘ Mr. Dr. Caesar and Mr. Wilbraham had, by the appointment of the Lords, set down a day to take their journey towards the King's Majesty. But Mr. Wilbraham has, it seemeth, fearing to lose his place, took post-horses, and went the day before the appointment: and he did send Mr. Dr. Caesar word thereof two hours after he went out of the town.’ (Wright's Queen Elizabeth and her Times, vol. ii. p. 495.
page 56 note 1 On May 3 James arrived at Theobalds (Gard. Hist. i. p. 100).
page 57 note 1 ‘ The king's heart is in the hand of the Lord, as the rivers of water: he turneth it whithersoever he will.’ Proverbs, xxi. 1 (A.V.). ‘David’ must be a slip for Solomon.
page 60 note 1 The King was at Hampton Court. Nichols's Progresses of James I., i. 204.
page 60 note 2 Cecil had been raised to the Peerage by the title of Baron Cecil of Essendon on May 13, 1603.
page 60 note 3 Baron Ellesmere.
page 60 note 4 Younger son of Francis, second Earl of Bedford, created Baron Bussell of Thornhaugh.
page 60 note 5 Baron Grey of Groby.
page 60 note 6 Baron Harington of Exton.
page 60 note 7 Baron Petre of Writtle.
page 60 note 8 Baron Danvers of Dantesy; afterwards Earl of Danby.
page 60 note 9 Baron Gerard of Gerard's Bromley.
page 60 note 10 Baron Spencer of Wormleighton.
page 61 note 1 Henry Wriothesly, attainted and imprisoned in 1598.
page 61 note 2 This entry in the MS. comes between the discussion in the Council on the Irish coin and the report of the dissolution of the Parliament of 1603, but at the top of a blank page, entirely apart from them. As the date of this recreation is given in S. P. Dom. 1603–10, p. 23, I have altered the order of the entry.
page 61 note 3 John Whitgift.
page 62 note 1 Lancelot Andrewes.
page 62 note 2 Thomas Bilson.
page 62 note 3 It was not till the autumn of 1604 that the disastrous policy of a debased coinage was finally abandoned in Ireland (Gard. Hist. i. 373).
page 63 note 1 Cecil succeeding his father.
page 63 note 2 Anthony Wood gives a vivid description of this plague visitation. Michaelmas Term could not be kept, and all the gates of the colleges and halls were constantly kept shut day and night, and only a few persons left in them to keep possession (Hist, and Antiq. of the Univ. of Oxford [1796], ii. 280).
page 63 note 3 The Spanish Ambassador, Don Juan de Taxis, Count of Villa Mediana, and the Count of Aremberg, the Archduke's Ambassador, had lately arrived in England to negotiate a peace. (Gard. Hist. i. 117, 207.) Sir Thomas Edmonds, in a letter to the Earl of Shrewsbury, dated September 11, 1603, Woodstock, writes: ‘By reason that the Spanishe Ambassador hath had one of his company lately dead of the Plague at Oxford, his audience, which was appointed to have been given him here, is deferred till the King's coming to Winchester.’ (Nichols's Progresses, i. 258–9.)
page 64 note 1 The year before, 1602, had seen the achievement of Sir Thomas Bodley's offer, made to the Vice-Chancellor in 1598, to restore Duke Humphrey's library ‘ to it's former use and to make it fit and handsome with seates and shelves and deskes and all that may be needful to stir up other men's benevolence to help to furnish it with books (Anthony Wood, Hist., &c, of the University of Oxford [1796], ii. pp. 265–6). Casaubon, who visited Oxford in 1613, writes of the Bodleian as «a work rather for a king than a private man.» The divinity school both for its architecture and the library contained in it has his unstinted praise. ‘ Nothing in Europe is comparable.’ (Boase's Oxford, p. 139.)
page 65 note 1 There is some error here : only Waynflete, the founder of Magdalene, was a Bishop of Winchester.
page 65 note 2 The seat of William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, where James I. passed part of September 1603 and the whole of October (Nichols's Progresses of James I. i. 281).
page 66 note 1 Longford Castle.
page 66 note 2 Beaumont.
page 66 note 3 Villa Mediana.
page 66 note 4 This masque, by Daniel, is in Nichols's Progresses, i. 305–311*, and was played on January 8, 1604 n.s.
page 66 note 5 During the first four years of the reign 92,00l. were spent in jewels alone (Parliamentary Debates, 1610. Camden Society, vol. 81, Introduction, p. xv).
page 68 note 1 The Order in Council rejecting the claim of the Hanse Towns to certain ancient privileges as injurious to trade is dated Sept. 30, 1604, Hampton Court (S. P. Dom. i. 1603–10, p. 154).
page 68 note 2 The treaty of peace with Spain was sworn to by James on August 19, 1604 (Gard. Hist. i. 214). It was not until 1609 that the Dutch, by the truce signed at Antwerp, obtained from Spain a recognition of their independence.
page 69 note 1 ‘ The King went to Royston two days after Twelfth-tide, where and thereabouts he hath continued ever since, and finds such felicity in that hunting life that he hath written to the Council that it is the only means to maintain his health (Chamberlain to Winwood, Jan. 26. Winwood's Memorials, ii. 46).
page 69 note 2 James Montague, Dean of Worcester, 1604; Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1608, and of Winchester, 1616 ; edited the collected edition of the King's works brought out in 1616 (Dic. Nat. Bio.).
page 69 note 3 12 Deuteronomy, on Tithes.
page 70 note 1 Sir George Carew, or Carey, Lord Deputy, for a brief space, between the terms of Mountjoy and Chichester, had left Ireland in July 1604, though his permanent recall was not until October (Gard. Hist. i. 373). He had held the office of Treasurer at War in Ireland (ibid.i. 372). Besides incurring the usual enmities and charges of rapacity Carew had offended Mountjoy by a rash speech. In March 1605 he is directed to submit the ledger book of the accounts of his Treasurership for the wars ending September 30, 1604 (Cal. of S. P. Irel, 1603–6, p. 269).
page 70 note 2 Sir John Ramsay had been the Ki g's page at the time of the Gowrie conspiracy, when he stabbed Ruthven. In 1606 James created him Viscount Haddington, and in 1620 Earl of Holderhess. The records of the reign are full of gifts and grants to him. See S. P. Dom. xxvi. 45, as quoted by Gardiner, i. 330). On Oct. 25, 1605, Salisbury in a letter to Lake speaks of ‘ Sir John Ramsay's complaint of deceit’ (S. P. Dom. 1603–10, p. 237).
page 70 note 3 A mistake for Richard II.
page 70 note 4 Monteagle received the letter at his house at Hoxton on October 26, 1605; and took it at once to Whitehall, where he found Salisbury, Nottingham, Suffolk, Worcester, and Northampton at supper. The letter was not shown to the King until November 3.
page 71 note 1 There are no such words in the letter; but the King took a pleasure in allowing it to be believed that he discovered the plot from the words ‘ the danger is past as soon as you have burnt the letter.’ See Gard. Hist. i. pp. 248–50, where the letter is given. The letter also spoke of ‘ a terrible blow this Parliament, and yet they shall not see who hurts them.’
page 71 note 2 The first search was made by Suffolk as Lord Chamberlain on November 4, at about 3 o'clock (Gard. Hist. i. 250). At 11 o'clock the same night was made the further search which resulted in the capture of Fawkes.
page 71 note 3 November 5 fell on a Tuesday: the date of the Gowrie conspiracy was August 5, 1600.
page 71 note 4 Parliament, which had reassembled on November 5, was prorogued until January 21, 1606 (Gard. Hist. i. 285). Of the Lord Chancellor's speech there is a bare summary contained in a few lines in the Parliamentary History (i. 1052).
page 72 note 1 Alexander Seton, Earl of Dunfermline.
page 72 note 2 Raleigh's trial was held at Winchester, November 17, 1603 (Gard. Hist. i. 123).
page 73 note 1 There are two full reports of the King's speech, (1) Lords' Journals, ii. 357–9; (2) Parliamentary History, 1054–1062, whereof the second is the fuller. Roger Wilbraham's report, though condensed, gives the general sense; yet, while omitting no material point, it differs somewhat in the words used. Thus Raleigh is not mentioned in the Lords' Journals or Parliamentary History by name.
page 75 note 1 Parliament met January 21, 1606.
page 75 note 2 Of the conferences and debates on the grievance of purveyance which this entry and those dated March 11 and April 15 deal with there is a somewhat confused summary in the Parliamentary History (i. 1065). The Commons' efforts to pass a Bill were wrecked by the resistance of the Lords (Gard. Hist. i. 299). See Spedding's Letters and Life of Francis Bacon (iii. 259, &c.), where an attempt is made to reproduce from the Commons' Journals the course of these conferences and debates. Wilbraham, as a member of the committee which met the Lords (C. J. i. 268), here gives a more coherent account.
page 75 note 3 February 10.
page 75 note 4 February 14 & 19. See C. J. i. 269 and 271.
page 75 note 5 In Commons' Journals the accounts given differ—i.e. Queen's funeral, 20,000l.; bringing in of the King, &c., 10,000l.; gifts to ambassadors, 40,000l. (C. J. i. 271.)
page 76 note 1 Gardiner gives total debt at 735.280l. (Hist. i. 295), basing it on the Lord Treasurer's declaration (S. P. Dom, xix. 45).
page 77 note 1 On March 25 an additional subsidy and two-fifteenths were voted (C. J. i. 289).
page 77 note 2 From the eighth year of Edward III. the assessment of the lay tenths and fifteenths took a settled form : the several districts were permanently rated at the amount paid in that year ; particular incidence being determined by the local authority. The small towns, in many instances fallen in wealth and population, would be assessed at the same amount as 250 years before (Gard. Hist. i. 297; Stubbs, Const. Hist. ii 576).
page 77 note 3 In Commons' Journals (i. 279) this speech seems to be assigned to ‘Mr. Chancellor, Sir John Fortescue.’ Fortescue had been Chancellor of the Exchequer until the beginning of James's reign, when he gave way to Sir George Hume; but a new patent from the King in 1603 confirmed him in his office of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster for life (Dict. Nat. Bio.).
page 77 note 4 John Bond, M.P. for Taunton (Parl. Hist. i. 975).
page 78 note 1 Sir Anthony Shirley and Sir Nicholas (not Alexander) Clifford, two of the bravest and most gallant officers of the English auxiliaries, were invested by Henry IV. of France with the Collar of the Order of St. Michael. On their return to England they were committed to prison by Elizabeth for daring to accept this honour without having previously obtained permission of the Queen's Grace, and were peremptorily ordered to send back the Collar (Wicquefort's Embassador and his Functions, p. 354; S.P.Dom. 1591–4, p. 484; and Dict. Nat. Bio.).
page 79 note 1 This Bill was read for the third time on March 31, 1606 (C. J. i. 291).
page 79 note 2 Sir William Paddie, M.P. for Thetford (Parl. Hist. i. 974); Fellow of College of Physicians, 1591; President, 1609–11 and 1618 ; knighted 1603 ; Physician to James I. (Foster's Alumni Oxonienses, Early Series, vol. iii.).
page 80 note 1 In 1604 the Lords at a conference had proposed an annual grant of 50.000l. in lieu of Purveyance (Gard. Hist. i. 173).
page 80 note 2 27 Ed. III. St. 2, De Stapulis, cap. iv., which, while exempting those going to and from the Staple from disturbance by purveyors, saves the King's prerogative to exact from them ‘ toutz maners des prises Roialx dez cariages et Vitailles … auncienment dues et uses de droit, come ad este fait par nous et nous auncestres ’ (Stat. at Large, i. 269).
page 80 note 3 Not ‘ 4 ’ but 2 Henry IV. c. 14, enacted that purveyance for the King's house of 40s. or under shall be presently paid for (Stat. i. 404).
page 80 note 4 Wilbraham was for a time Keeper of the Records in the Tower (S. P. Dom. 1603–10, p. 15): but Mr. Hubert Hall, of the Public Record Office, kindly informs me that his patent was vacated after hearing by the Council in 1604 as an infringement of the rights of the Master of the Rolls.
page 80 note 5 The Commons' present Bill.
page 81 note 1 The Commons had declared, in May 1604, that the grievances in purveyance, of which they complained, had been declared to be illegal by no less than thirty-six statutes (Gard. Hist. i. 172).
page 81 note 2 Mr. Spedding gives an account of this conference, collected from the Commons' Journals (Letters and Life of Francis Bacon, iii. 263, &c.), but Wilbraham's report is somewhat fuller.
page 81 note 3 Sir Henry Hobart, appointed Attorney-General July 4, 1606, and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1613.
page 82 note 1 Sir Henry Montagu, Recorder and M.P. for the oity in 1603. Afterwards Chief Justice of the King's Bench in 1616, and Lord Treasurer in 1620 (Foss's Judges).
page 82 note 2 John Doderidge, Solicitor-General, October 28, 1604; resigned office June 25, 1607, to give place to Bacon, and knighted; J.K.B. 1612 (ibid.).
page 82 note 3 Henry Yelverton, eldest son of Christopher Yelverton, was M.P. for Northampton. He was reconciled with the King in 1609. In 1613 he was Solicitor-General, in 1617 Attorney-General, and in 1625 J. C. P. (Foss's Judges).
page 83 note 1 27 Edward III. Vide ante, p. 80 n.
page 83 note 2 2 Henry IV. c. 14. Vide ante, p. 80 n.
page 83 note 3 There must be an error here, as there seem to be no statutes of these years relating to Purveyance. I cannot decipher or conjecture the word omitted.
page 84 note 1 36 Ed. III. st. i. cap. 2–6. Stat. at Large, i. 297.
page 84 note 2 23 Henry VI. cap. i. ibid. p. 534
page 85 note 1 Henry III., reissue of Magna Charta, 1216 (Select Charters, p. 342.)
page 86 note 1 The proclamation, though it put an end to most of the abuses, left untouched the claim of his officers to settle at their pleasure the prices they would give (Gard. Hist. i. 299.)
page 87 note 1 This had been done in Bate's case.
page 87 note 2 Earl of Suffolk.
page 87 note 3 In the Petition of Grievances presented in the session ending May 27, 1606. For these Grievances and the King's reply thereto at the opening of the next Session, see post and C. J. i. 316–17.
page 87 note 4 Sir Henry Brounker, President of Munster, after Carew.
page 87 note 5 Sir Roger Aston, Gentleman of the Bedchamber (S. P. Dom. 1603–10, p. 65, Jan. 9, 1604). Master of the King's Great Wardrobe in 1608. (ibid. p. 460.)
page 87 note 6 Sir Arthur Ashton : licence to him and others for forty-one years to use and sell certain woods used in dyeing, Aug. 23, 1604. (S. P. Dom: 1603–10, p. 146.)
page 88 note 1 Patent to John Evelyn and others for making saltpetre for supplying the King's gunpowder for twenty-one years, Oct.7, 1604 (S.P. Dom. 1603–10, p. 156). The Evelyn family carried on the manufacture of gunpowder at Long Ditton and Godstowe.
page 88 note 2 Nov. 18, 1606, on opening of the autumn session (C. J. i. 314–15).
page 88 note 3 Bates's Case, decided Mich. Term, 1606.
page 89 note 1 The King's speech on Ihe Union is fully given in the Parliamentary History (i. 1071–5), taken from the Commons' Journals.
page 91 note 1 The Session adjourned Dec. 18, 1606.
page 91 note 2 1607.
page 91 note 3 During the year ending with Michaelmas 1607 the expenditure had risen to 500,000l., while the revenue, even with the addition of the grant made in Parliament, only reached 427,000l., leaving a deficit of 73.000l. (Gard. Hist. ii. 12). The debt at the beginning of 1606 stood at 774,000l. (vide ante, p. 76).
page 91 note 4 Sic: but probably a mistake for 120,000l. See warrant dated Feb. 22 1607, for renewal of lease to farmers of customs of tonnage and poundage on their augmenting the rent from 112,400l. to 120,000l. p. a. (S. P. Dom. 1603–10, p. 349), and warrant dated Nov. 5, 1608, to repay to Sir Thomas Hayes, Sir Baptist Hickes, and others of London 120,000l. lent by them to the king with interest thereon (ibid. p. 465).
page 91 note 5 See warrant dated March 21, 1608, wherein is included the payment of 80,000l. with interest, borrowed of divers citizens and merchants, strangers of London (S. P. Dom. 1603–10, p. 415). A repayment on June 24, 1609, of 77,072l. 8s. 4d. for a loan from Sir Henry Rowe, the late Lord Mayor (1607), and other citizens, apparently refers to this (Devon's Exchequer Issues of James I, pp. 92–93).
page 92 note 1 There are letters among the Hatfield MSS. showing the King's anxiety on behalf of the poor in this affair (Gard. Hist. i. 355 n.).
page 92 note 2 Of Apethorp; eldest son of Sir Walter Mildmay, Chancellor of the Exchequer to Elizabeth. Antony had been Ambassador from the Queen to Henry IV. in 1596. James I. dined at his house in 1603 on his way to Sir Oliver Cromwell's at Hinchingbrook, died 1617 (Bridge's, Northamptonshire (ed. Whalley, ), ii. 427, 587).Google Scholar
page 94 note 1 Master of the Jewels, with his father, Sir Edward Carey (S. P. Dom. 1603–10, p. 15, June 21, 1603), and Gentleman of the Privy Chamber (ibid. p. 137, July 26, 1604); afterwards Viscount Falkland, 1620, and Lord Deputy in Ireland, 1622–29.
page 95 note 1 Sir Henry Hobart.
page 95 note 2 With Coke's accession to the Bench on June 30, 1606.
page 96 note 1 Nicholas Fuller, imprisoned by the High Commission Court in November 1607 for words used against its authority while pleading in the Court of King's Bench. For this contest see Gardiner's, History (ii. 36–40)Google Scholar.
page 98 note 1 Sir John Leveson, Kt., of Haling, Kent, M.P. for Kent in James's first Parliament, brother of Sir Richard Leveson, of Stafford (Hasted's Hist. of Kent, i. pp. 474, 8). Aubrey, referring to Dorset's sudden death at the Council Board, states that ‘the trial was with this Sir Richard Temple's (i.e. his informant) great-grandfather.’ Sir John Leveson's daughter Christian married Sir Peter Temple, of Stowe, the second Baronet, in 1630; their son Richard died in 1697, and his son, the fourth Baronet, also Richard, died in 1749 (Cokayne's Complete Baronetage, i. 82). Possibly, judging by the dates, Richard, the third Baronet, was Aubrey's informant, and for great-grandfather we should read grandfather. This would be the grandfather of Sir Richard Temple on the mother's side, Sir John Leveson, and not Sir Thomas Temple of Stowe, the first Baronet, his paternal grandfather or great-grandfather, as is stated in the note to the edition of Aubrey's Brief Lives, recently edited by Mr. Clark (ii. 211).
page 98 note 2 Chamberlain, on February 6, 1607, writing to Carleton, refers to a cause in the Court of Wards between the Lord Treasurer and Sir John Leveson (S. P. Dom. 1603–10, p. 348).
page 99 note 1 Sir Edward Stanhope, Chancellor of the Diocese of London.
page 99 note 2 Salisbury became Lord Treasurer, May 4, 1608, on the death of Dorset (S. P. Dom. 1603–10, p. 427).
page 100 note 1 Sir William Periam, Judge of the Common Pleas, 1581, one of the Commissioners appointed to hear causes in Chancery on the death of Sir Christopher Hatton, 1591, Chief Baron of Exchequer, and knighted January 1593, died October 9, 1604, aged 70 (Foss's Judges).
page 100 note 2 Sir Edmund Anderson, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1582 till his death, August 1, 1605, aged 75 (Foss's Judges).
page 100 note 3 Sir John Popham, Chief Justice of the King's Bench 1592–1607, died June 10, 1607, aged about 76. He had presided at Raleigh's trial in 1603.
page 100 note 4 Possibly Sir Walter Raleigh. The Queen had often gained benefit from his prescriptions, and a medicine was sent by him from the Tower, at her command, to the dying Prince Henry, the very day of his death (Gard. Hist. ii. 158).
page 100 note 5 Francis Gawdy, named one of the Commissioners to hear causes in Chancery on the death of Hatton, 1591, Chief Justice of Common Pleas 1605, died 1606.
page 101 note 1 Sir Thomas Hesketh, appointed Attorney of the Court of Wards April 15, 1597 (S. P. Dom. 1595–7, p. 390), knighted 1603, died in 1606 (ibid. 1603–10, p. 313).
page 101 note 2 The great merchant and Lord Mayor of London, known as ‘Rich Spencer.’ His only child, Elizabeth, married William, second Lord Compton, against her father's wishes.
page 101 note 3 The inheritance, on the death of his father-in-law in 1610, is said to have turned Compton's head for a time (Dict. Nat. Bio.). In 1618 Compton bought his promotion to the earldom of Northampton with his wife's wealth (Gard. Hist. iii. 215).
page 102 note 1 Mary de' Medici: appointed Regent on the departure of Henry IV. to join his army in Champagne.
page 102 note 2 May 14, 1610.
page 102 note 3 François Ravaillac.
page 102 note 4 The session opened February 9, 1610, and was prorogued July 23. For this account by Wilbraham of ‘the Great Contract’ see Parliamentary Debates in 1610, edited by Dr. Gardiner for the Camden Society, vol. lxxxi., and his History, vol. ii. pp. 69–87.
page 102 note 5 When Parliament had met in 1606 the debt stood at 774,000l. (vide ante, p. 76), or according to Dr. Gardiner at 735,280l. (Gard. Hist. i. 295.) The 600,000l. given as the debt by Wilbraham is differently accounted for in Parliamentary Debates, Salisbury, in his exposition of the condition of the Treasury at a conference on February 15, claiming that the debt had been reduced to 300,000l. (Parliamentary Debates, 1610, p. 5); while at another conference on February 24, i asking for a supply of 600,000l., he stated that 300,000l. was to pay off the debt, 150,000l. to furnish the navy, and 150,000l. to ‘lie in his coffers for war or any just occasion’ (ibid. p. 14). It must be remembered that Wilbraham was a member of this Parliament and of the committee in conference with the Lords (C. J. vol. i. p. 393). Possibly also his old colleague at the Requests, Sir Julius Cæsar, now the Chancellor of the Exchequer, would furnish him with information.
page 103 note 1 The Court of the Council of Wales was erected by Statutes 34 & 35 Henry VIII. c. 26 for that principality and its marches, with authority to determine such causes and matters as should be assigned to them by the King. It was claimed that the four counties of Hereford, Worcester, Gloucester, and Salop were included within the Council's authority as marches of Wales. This was controverted by the inhabitants of these counties, and was the subject of contention between the Common Law Judges and the President of the Council in the reign of James I. (Hallam, Const. Hist. vol. i. pp. 328–9, note.) Probably Wilbraham makes confusion here between the above statute and 32 Henry VIII. cap. 2, which is a Statute of Limitations. One of the grievances of the Commons was the rule ‘ Nullum tempus occurrit regi,’ expressed in their demand that claims of the Crown should be limited to sixty years.
page 104 note 1 Gardiner gives one subsidy and one fifteenth (ii. 82), but see Parl Debates, p. 58.
page 104 note 2 Parliament was prorogued on July 23, 1610.
page 104 note 3 13 Elizabeth, c. 13, enacting that all priests or ministers should subscribe to all the Articles of Religion which only concern the confession of the true Christian faith and the doctrine of the sacraments, comprised in a book entitled ‘ Articles whereupon it was agreed,’ &c. (Hallam, Constitutional History, i. 192.)
page 105 note 1 A Book of Rates had been published on July 28, 1608. The revenue from these new impositions is estimated at 70,000l. (Parliamentary Debates in 1610, Introduction, p. xx.)
page 105 note 2 Bate's case, decided in November 1606.
page 105 note 3 By the Speaker on November 5 (Gard. Hist. ii. 107). The 500,000l. was to pay his debts.
page 105 note 4 Parliament was finally dissolved on February 9, 1611.
page 105 note 5 Salisbury resigned to the King all personal profits derived from his office as Master of the Court of Wards, and gave orders forbidding the acceptance of irregular payments from suitors (Gard. Hist. ii. 113).
page 106 note 1 The title was offered to all knights or esquires possessed of lands worth 1,000l. a year on payment of 1,080l. in three annual payments. Within three years 90,000l. was thus obtained (ibid. ii. 112).
page 106 note 2 In February 1611 the king granted to six favourites 34,000l. (ibid. ii. 111).
page 106 note 3 Salisbury in person was much below middle height, probably not exceeding 5 feet 2 inches (Brewer's English Studies, p. 130).
page 106 note 4 The Earl had the ‘architectonic tastes’ of his father, and in 1607, when he began the building of Hatfield, was also ornamenting and altering Salisbury House, in the Strand, and erecting a vast exchange, called ‘ Britain's Burse,’ on the site of the present Adelphi (ibid. p. 114).
page 107 note 1 Sir Julius Cæsar, April 7, 1606–1614.
page 107 note 2 See Gardiner's History (ii. 199), based on Cæsar's notes, wherein the figures, the total debt and deficit are as here. The total receipts actually received every year were considerably larger, estimated in 1610, according to a paper prepared by Salisbury's directions before the meeting of Parliament, at 460,230l. (Parliamentary Debates in 1610, Camden Society, Introd. p. xx); but 280,000l. represents the regular and undisputed receipts of the Crown, derived chiefly from land or feudal revenue and customs, after setting aside payments which might not be repeated and such sources of revenue as the new impositions, estimated at 70,000l., and receipts derived from licenses of monopolies which produced in 1610 about 50,000l.
page 107 note 3 In 1610 the expenditure of the cofferer of the household was estimated at 106,323l. (Parliamentary Debates, Introd. p. xii).
page 107 note 4 Prince and Princess, 13,050l. (ibid.); but elsewhere Dr. Gardiner estimates the expenditure of the royal family in 1610, apart from the Queen, at 32,250l., or, in 1614, when Prince Henry was no longer living and Princess Elizabeth was married with a portion of 40.000l., at 26,000l. (‘Comparative View of the Estimated Ordinary Expenditure of the Crown,’ Gard. Hist. x. Appendix p. 222.)
page 107 note 5 40,000l. in 1610 (Parliamentary Debates, p. xii); in 1614 50,000l., as here.
page 107 note 6 24,616l. in 1610 (Parliamentary Debates, p. xii).
page 107 note 7 14,000l. in 1610 (ibid.); in 1614 24,500l. (Gard. Hist. x. 222.)
page 107 note 8 94,192l. is given to ‘ fees and annuities ’ in Dr. Gardiner's above-quoted ‘Financial Tables,’ Hist. x. 222.
page 107 note 9 24,000l. in Parliamentary Debates, p. xii.
page 108 note 1 300,000l. in MS., but evidently a mistake for 30,000l. The total charge of Ireland would thus amount to 55.000l. This nearly agrees with Dr. Gardiner's estimate in 1610 in his ‘Financial Tables,’ supra, and in Parliamentary Debates (Introd. p. xii), i.e. 52,584l., or 46,000l. in 1614, on the supposition that the 24,000l., the annual revenue of Ireland (Gard. Hist. ii. 112), is included in these totals, as employed in Ireland to defray the expenditure.
page 108 note 2 The total of the ‘ chief expenses ’ here noted is 415,000l., compared with 440,000l. stated above to be the yearly expenditure. But certain items are obviously omitted: Dr. Gardiner reckons the total expenditure of 1610 as 517,547l., and of 1614 522,940 (Gard. Hist. x. 222).
page 108 note 3 This must represent only the receipts from customs apart from the new im positions, imposed in 1608 by the Book of Rates, which were reckoned to produce annually about 70,000l. In Salisbury's estimate for 1610, already quoted, the total customs, impositions set before 1608 (thus excluding the new impositions), alnage, licenses, &c., are reckoned at 177,358l.; or, deducting the alum rent here given as 8,000l. and the imposts on wine amounting to about 23,000l., 146,358l., whereof the great customs are set down at 120,000l. Thus we arrive at approximately the sum of 140,000l. here given by Wilbraham for the customs.
page 108 note 4 The wine licenses in 1610 were estimated at 23,200l., i.e. sweet wines 6,000l., French and Rhenish wines 17,200l. (Parliamentary Debates, Introd. p. xix).
page 108 note 5 In 1610 11,500l. (ibid.).
page 108 note 6 5,000l. in 1610.
page 108 note 7 24,000l. (Gard. Hist. ii. 112).
page 108 note 8 The total of the items of revenue here given amounts to 305,000l.; but here again there are admittedly omissions. For the actual total revenue vide ante, p. 107 note.
page 109 note 1 On October 10 the Prince was attacked by an illness which is now known to have been typhoid. On October 24, feeling somewhat better, he foolishly played tennis. A relapse set in, and on November 6 he died.
page 109 note 2 Sir Edward Phelipps became Master of the Rolls on January 14, 1611, in succession to Lord Bruce of Kinloss. He was also Chancellor to Henry, Prince of Wales (Foss's Judges).
page 109 note 3 Privy Councellor 1614, Secretary of State 1616. Lake read the contract in French with so bad an accent, and his translation was so absurd, as to raise general laughter (Gard. Hist. ii. 160).
page 109 note 4 Abbott. His words were, ‘ The God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob bless these nuptials, and make them prosperous to these kingdoms and to His Church ’ (ibid.).
page 109 note 5 1613.
page 110 note 1 (1) The Lords, (2) Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn, (3) Inner Temple and Gray's Inn. The masque of the ‘Inner Temple and Gray's Inn, which was the marriage of the Thames and the Rhine, devised by Sir Fras. Bacon, failed, the King being so weary and sleepy that he refused to see it till Saturday’ (John Chamberlain to Alice Carleton, February 18, 1613, S. P. Dom. 1611–18, p. 170).
page 110 note 2 February 2, 1613.
page 110 note 3 Born August 13, 1528. Roger Wilbraham was his second son by his first wife, Eliza, daughter to Thomas Maisterson, of Nantwich, whom he married in 1550. See Ormerod's Cheshire, ii. 137, Pedigree of Wilbrahams of Townsend and Delamere Lodge, where the date of his death is wrongly given as February 6, 1612.
page 110 note 4 Thomas Wilbraham, son of Richard, eldest son of the above (who died September 13, 1601), and nephew to Sir Roger. Thomas was born June 25, 1589 ; married, March 24, 1619, Rachel, daughter and sole heir of Joshua Clive, of Huxley, Cheshire, He was an esquire of the body to Charles I. Died 1643. (ibid.)
page 111 note 1 Born about 1601, succeeded to the baronetcy, conferred on his father in 1621, in 1643, distinguished himself in the Royal cause during the Civil War, was fined 2,500l. and his estates sequestrated, died 1660. See Pedigree of Wilbrahams of Woodhey (Ormerod's Cheshire, iii. 380), and his monument in Acton Church (ibid. 349). When the marriage was solemnised at St. Bartholomew the Great the bridegroom was aged only about eleven and the bride about ten. Sir Roger Wilbraham is described as of St. John's, Clerkenwell. (See Marriage Licenses issued by the Bishop of London, 1611–1828, ii., Harleian Society Publications, vol. xxvi. p. 18.)
page 111 note 2 Baronet 1621; married Grace, daughter to Sir John Savage; died 1643 (Cokayne's Complete Baronetage, vol. i. p. 163, where the name of the bridegroom's maternal grandfather is given as Thomas).
page 111 note 3 Thomas Wilbraham, the bridegroom's grandfather, died in 1610 (ibid. p. 163), and Richard Wilbraham, the grandfather of the bride, died February 2, 1613.
page 111 note 4 Sir Roger Wilbraham died July 31, 1616, leaving three daughters, coheirs to 4.000l. per annum (S. P. Dom. 1611–1618, pp. 390, 426; Ormerod's Cheshire, ii. 137, Pedigree of Wilbrahams of Townsend and Delamere Lodge).
page 112 note 1 21 Henry VIII. c. 5.
page 112 note 2 This would seem to refer to a patent granted for the manufacture of glass with Scotch coal instead of wood, referred to in a letter from Suffolk to Lake, November 17, 1613, where Coke is mentioned as suggesting a new patent (S. P. Dom. 1611–18, p. 207); see also letter from Lord Chancellor Ellesmere to Lake, February 23, 1614, explaining cause of delay in putting great seal to patent (ibid. p. 224); and Chamberlain to Wake, October 12, 1614, where it is mentioned that the old patent is given up in favour of those who undertake to make glasses with Scotch coal (ibid. p. 256). The Commons made a grievance of it (Gard. Hist. ii. 237). Among the patentees were Sir Jerome Bowes and Sir Edward Zouch (ibid. 207).
page 112 note 3 Chichester.
page 113 note 1 The long list of grievances charged against the Irish Government was delivered on July 15, 1613, though the commissioners did not arrive in Dublin until September 11. Their Report was sent in on November 12. The king delivered judgment on tiie charges on April 12, 1614 (Gard. Hist. ii. 295).
page 113 note 2 Sir Humphrey Winch, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer 1606, Chief Justice of the King's Bench 1608, Judge of the Common Pleas (England) 1611–25 (Foss's Judges).
page 113 note 3 Sir Charles Cornwallis, Resident Ambadassor to Spain 1605–9, Treasurer of Prince Henry's Household 1610 (Dict. Nat. Bio.).
page 113 note 4 George Calvert, Secretary to Sir Robert Cecil, in 1606 Clerk of the Crown in the province of Connaught and county of Clare, in 1608 one of the clerks of the Council. From 1619 to 1625 Secretary of State, created Baron Baltimore 1625 (Dict. Nat. Bio.).
page 113 note 5 June 15, according to Gardiner (Hist. ii. 259), who quotes a letter from Chamberlain to Carleton, June 30 (Court and Times of ames I. vol. i. p. 326). See also Larkin to Puckering, June 18 (ibid. i. 324) ; but Winwood, writing to Carleton, June 16, speaks of the Earl as still only dying (S. P. D., 1611–18, p. 237).
page 113 note 6 Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton, brother of the Duke of Norfolk, attainted and beheaded in 1572, died unmarried. His great-nephew Thomas Howard, the Earl of Arundel, restored to the title in 1604, was the head of the Howard family. Chamberlain writes, ‘He … left most of his land to the Earl of Arundel.’ His house by Charing Cross he devised to his nephew the Earl of Suffolk for life, with remainder to Henry Howard, Suffolk's third son, together with 800l. a year on lands ; but the bequest to Suffolk of his furniture and movables was revoked out of jealousy when dying, on hearing that Suffolk was to be appointed Treasurer. He dealt liberally with his followers, leaving most of them 100l. apiece. The three hospitals were (1) at Clun, in Shropshire; (2) Castle Rising, in Norfolk; (3) Greenwich. (See Court and Times of James I. vol. i. pp. 324 and 325, where the letters of Chamberlain and Larkin are given in full ; and Dict. Nat. Bio.).
page 114 note 1 The ‘ Addled Parliament,’ which met on April 5, 1614, and was dissolved on June 7. Northampton had opposed the summoning of a Parliament and was believed to have induced a member, John Hoskins, to use insulting language against the King's Scotch favourites, in the hope that the King would in displeasure cause a dissolution (Gard. Hist. ii. 247–50).
page 114 note 2 Before July 18, 1614, 23,000l. was thus collected. Some of the judges offered under 20l., which was refused. The Earl of Salisbury gave the largest sum, 300l. Suffolk, Somerset, and Coke gave 200l. (Chamberlain to Carleton, June 30,1614 ; Court and Times of James I. vol. i. p. 328.)
page 114 note 5 The answer to the general appeal to the counties in two years only produced 42,600l. The total only came to 66,000l. In July 1614 the King's debts stood at 700,000l., and there was an annual deficit of 61,000l. (Gard. Hist. ii. 260, from a statement drawn up the day after Suffolk's accession to office.)
page 114 note 4 (1) Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, died May 24, 1612; (2) Sir George Carew, died November 13, 1612 ; (3) Sir Walter Cope, died July 31, 1614.
page 115 note 1 October 10. Knollys had been appointed Treasurer of the Household in 1602. In 1614 he was one of the Commissioners of the Treasury.
page 115 note 2 In succession to Sir Julius Cæsar.
page 115 note 3 Sir Julius Cæsar, Wilbraham's colleague at the Court of Requests, and Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1606, had obtained a reversionary grant of the Mastership of the Rolls on Jan. 16, 1611 (Foss's Judges).
page 115 note 4 July 10 (Gard. Hist. ii. 259).
page 115 note 5 I.e. October 1615.
page 115 note 6 Married Frances Howard, the divorced Countess of Essex, daughter of the Earl of Suffolk, Dec. 26, 1613; appointed Lord Chamberlain in succession to Suffolk, July 1614.
page 115 note 7 Master of the Wards Oct. 10, 1614 ; married Suffolk's third daughter ; Lord Treasurer of the Household, 1602.
page 115 note 8 William, second Earl of Salisbury, married Lady Catherine Howard, Suffolk's youngest daughter.
page 115 note 9 Theophilus Howard, created Lord Howard of Walden 1610; married in 1612 Lady Elizabeth Home, daughter of George Home, Earl of Dunbar (Dict. Nat. Bio.).
page 115 note 10 Sir Fulke Greville, appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer October 161 remaining in office till 1621.
page 116 note 1 The King had proposed to Overbury a diplomatic appointment. On his refusal Overbury was committed to the Tower on April 21, 1613. His death took place there on September 15. It was not until July 1615 that information came to Winwood which speedily led to the implication of the Earl and Countess in his murder.
page 116 note 2 The judgment of divorce was pronounced on Sept. 25, 1613, two months before the marriage of the Countess to Somerset.
page 116 note 3 Sir Gervase Helwys.
page 116 note 4 Weston, Mrs. Turner, and the apothecary Franklin.
page 116 note 5 The Countess was tried on May 24, 1616 ; the Earl on May 25.
page 116 note 6 In MS. 2,000,000l., but this must be an error for 200,00l. The agreement was for 215,000l. in all, of which sum 15,000l. was to go to the officers of the garrisons and 200,000l. to the Exchequer. The debt of the provinces to England was to be cancelled (Gard. Hist. ii. 383).
page 116 note 7 Chief Justice of the King's Bench since Oct. 25, 1613. On June 30, 1616, Coke was sequestered from the Council Table and ordered to ‘forbear to ride the summer circuit.’
page 117 note 1 He was one of the commissioners nominated to examine into the Overbury murder, and presided at the several trials arising therefrom.
page 117 note 2 Coke was finally discharged from his office in November 1616, after Wilbraham's death ; in Sept. 1617 he was restored to the Council Table, and in 1618 he was appointed one of the Commissioners of the Treasury, but his return to favour was short-lived.
page 117 note 3 In the c ses of Glanville and Allen, two swindlers against whom recourse had been had to the equitable jurisdiction of Chancery from the strict rules of the Common Law Courts; Coke, by a forced construction of 27 Edward III., St. 1, cap. i., enacting the penalty attached to a præmunire against those who appealed to Rome from sentences obtained in the King's Courts, instigated these two swindlers to prefer an indictment in the King's Bench not only against the suitors who had obtained the protection of Chancery, but also against the counsellors and clerks who had shared in the proceedings (Gard. Hist. iii. 10–13).
page 117 note 4 Attorney-General Oct. 27, 1613 ; Privy Councillor June 9, 1616.
page 117 note 5 Lord Teynham.
page 117 note 6 Lord Houghton.
page 117 note 7 1642.
page 117 note 8 This must refer to Pride's Purge, December 6, 1648. Dr. Gardiner puts the number of members placed under restraint on Dec. 6 at forty-one (Hist, of the Civil War, iv. 270); but two, Rudyard and Fiennes, being soon liberated, and a few, like Major-General Browne, arrested some days later, the total number of members in confinement was forty-five, as here; whilst ninety-six others were turned back (ibid. p. 273).
page 118 note 1 The friend of George Herbert. Isaac Walton, in his account of the rebuilding by Herbert of the ruined church of Layton Ecclesia, speaks of the bounty of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar (of Little Gidding) and ‘ Mr. Arthur Woodnot,’ describing Wodenoth as a goldsmith in Foster Lane, London, who, ‘ having obtained so much as to be able to show some mercy to the poor and preserve a competence for himself, dedicated the remaining part of his life to the service of God, and to be useful for his friends ; and he proved to be so to Mr. Herbert’ (Walton's Lives, 3rd ed. vol. ii. pp. 57, 58). Three weeks before George Herbert's death ‘ his old and dear friend Mr. Woodnot came from London to Bemerton and never left him till he had seen him draw his last breath and closed his eyes on his death-bed.’ Herbert appointed him his sole executor (ibid. pp. 120, 124). Apparently he may be identified with Arthur Wodenoth, twelfth son of John Wodenoth, of Shavinton, Cheshire. His aunt Mary was the mother of Nicholas Ferrar of Little Gidding, whose cousin he therefore was (Ormerod's Cheshire, iii. 508, pedigree of Woodnoths of Shavinton).
page 118 note 2 Samuel vi. 3–7.
page 121 note 1 A Book of Christian Exercise appertaining to Resolution, perused and accompanied now with a Treatise tending to Pacification, 1584, 8vo, and repeatedly republished. The first part is a portion of a treatise by the Jesuit Robert Parsons, with certain alterations by Edmund Bunny, who united the part of a pluralist in prebendal stalls with that of an itinerant Calvinistic preacher. Parsons had given to this work only his initials, R. P., and Bunny appropriated it without knowing who was the author. By this book Richard Baxter at fourteen was first turned to serious thoughts (Dict. Nat. Bio.).
page 121 note 2 Probably his cousin, Nicholas Ferrar, of Little Gidding, ‘ at an early age made Fellow of Clare Hall, in Cambridge, where he continued to be eminent for his piety, temperance, and learning ’ (Walton's Lives, ii. 106). For the relationship see Ormerod's Cheshire, iii. 508. Nicholas Ferrar and Arthur Wodenoth were the chief friends of George Herbert, and are several times mentioned together by Walton.
page 122 note 1 The Way to the True Church; wherein the principal Motives perswading to Romanisme are familiarly disputed and driven to their Issues. London, 1608, 4to. Dr. John White was born in 1570; admitted as a sizar to Caius College, Cambridge, 1586 (B.A. 1589–90, M.A. 1593, D.D. 1612); Vicar of Eccles 1606, Rector of Barsham 1609, and in 1614 or 1615 appointed Chaplain in Ordinary to James I. died 1615. (Dict. Nat. Bio.).
page 122 note 2 See ante, p. 13, note 3.
page 127 note 1 Job xxxiv. 32.
page 128 note 1 Edward Dendy, Sergeant at Arms.
page 128 note 2 Sixty-eight answered to their names (Gardiner's Civil War, iv. 299).
page 128 note 3 Richard Aske or Asky, admitted Inner Temple 1606, called to the Bar January 29, 1615 (Cal. of the Inner Temple Records, ii. 88); Bencher 1633 (ibid. p. 211) ; counsel for Strode, 1629 ; appointed by the Houses Coroner and Attorney of the King's Bench, 1644; Junior Counsel at the King's trial, Sergeant and Justice of the Upper Bench, June 1, 1649; died 1656 (Foss's Judges).
page 128 note 4 Dr. Isaac Dorislaus, by birth Dutch, Judge Advocate to Essex in 1642: Judge of the Court of Admiralty, 1648 ; assisted in the preparation of the charge against the King; sent by the Commonwealth to the Hague, where he was assassinated by a party of Cavaliers in May 1649 (Dic. Nat. Bio.).
page 128 note 5 John Cook, or Cooke, son of Isaac Cook, of Burbridge, co. Leicester, Esquire, admitted to Gray's Inn Nov. 1, 1623 (Foster's Gray's Inn Register of Admissions, p. 171); called to the Bar Nov. 21, 1631 (Gray's Inn Pension Book, p. 309); called to be of the Grand Company May 24, 1650 (ibid. p. 376). There is a long letter of his to Strafford when Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, printed in Camden Miscellany, vol. ix., Strafford Papers, p. 14, where Cook is said to have been employed in revising an edition of the Statutes (Mercurius Elencticus, No. 56, 1649, cited there). After acting as Solicitor-General in the trial of the King and that of Hamilton, and his fellow officers, he was, in December 1647, appointed Chief Justice of Munster, and in 1655 Justice of the Court of Upper Bench in Ireland. On October 16, 1660, he was executed as a regicide. At a Pension held July 4, 1660, it had been ordered that his chambers should be seized (Gray's Inn Pension Book, p. 431).
page 129 note 1 James, Duke of Hamilton, commander of the Scotch army in the second Civil War, capitulated with the remnant of his force at Uttoxeter, Aug. 25, 1648, having ‘ the lives and safety of their persons assured to them ’ (Gard. Civil War, iv. 192).
page 129 note 2 George Goring, Earl of Norwich, and Arthur Lord Capel surrendered at Colchester, Aug. 27, 1648. The superior officers submitted to mercy, but Norwich and Capel had received, the day after the signing of the capitulation, an assurance from Fairfax of quarter for their lives (ibid. iv. 201–6).
page 129 note 3 Sir John Owen headed a rising in North Wales in June 1648.
page 129 note 4 On Feb. 3, 1649, Parliament erected a new High Court of Justice to try these prisoners. Dr. Gardiner gives the date of the opening of proceedings as Feb. 10 (History of the Commonwealth, i. 11–12).
page 129 note 5 These pleas were not admitted, as Hamilton was born after the accession of James I., and so came within the Post nati judgment, and in Capel's case a military promise was held as not binding on a civil court.