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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009
page 1 note 1 On the same principle the conferences at Troppau (1820), Laybach (1821), and Panama (1826), are not included in the list, since Great Britain was not represented at them by a plenipotentiary.
page 1 note 2 While accredited to the Emperor. Cf. below, 9.
page 2 note 1 While Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
page 2 note 2 While accredited to Russia. Cf. below, 111–12.
page 2 note 3 While accredited to Austria. Cf. below, 13.
page 2 note 4 While accredited to Prussia. Cf. below, 101.
page 3 note 1 While accredited to France. Cf. below, 49.
page 3 note 2 While accredited to Russia. Cf. below, 111–12.
page 3 note 3 While accredited to Austria.. Cf. below, 14.
page 4 note 1 Constituted under the General Act of the Congress of Vienna of 9 June 1815.
page 4 note 2 From Jan. 1817 Clancarty was accredited to the Netherlands. Cf. below, 180–1.
page 4 note 3 The Congress was transferred from Vienna to Verona in Oct. 1822.
1 For the remainder of this mission cf. Morocco (below, 79), Tripoli (below, 163) and Tunis (below, 163–4).
page 5 note 2 The correspondence of this mission is preserved among the Colonial Office records (CO. 2/3, 4). The Colonial Office controlled the diplomatic and consular services in North Africa down to 1 June 1836, when they were transferred to the Foreign Office.
page 5 note 3 Westmorland and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz (below, 74–5) and Prussia (below, 104–5), and resident at Berlin.
page 6 note 1 Where he was temporarily accredited. Cf. below, 29.
page 7 note 1 Cf. below, 190. Hamilton had a single full power to negotiate with both Governments.
page 7 note 2 For Mandeville's negotiations at Monte Video 1839 and 1842 cf. below, 190.
page 7 note 3 On a joint mission with Baron Deffaudis, French special envoy.
page 7 note 3 The Argentine government refusing to receive Ouseley's recall, no recredl. was issued.
page 9 note 1 Jointly with Count Walewski (France).
page 9 note 1 Cf. Horn, 39. The full power wrongly bound up in F.O. 7/17 relates to Hammond's extraordinary mission to Vienna in 1797 (cf. below, 11).
page 9 note 2 Cf. Horn, 39.
page 9 note 3 For Keith's attendance at the Congress of Sistovo, cf. above, 1.
page 11 note 1 Hammond had been furnished with a joint credl. to the Emperor and the King of Prussia in 1796, but did not proceed to Vienna (cf. below, 98).
page 11 note 2 Wrongly bound up. Cf. above, 9 n. 1.
page 11 note 3 The letter-books of this mission are in F.O. 95/508, 509.
page 12 note 1 P.C. 4 Jan. 1804. Nominated K.B. 21 May 1804.
page 12 note 2 Cf. below, 141–2.
page 13 note 1 For Aberdeen's attendance as plenipotentiary at Châtillon and Paris in 1814, cf. above, 2.
page 14 note 1 Stewart assumed the name Vane by royal licence following his marriage 3 April 1819.
page 14 note 2 Succeeded 12 Aug. 1822.
page 14 note 3 For Stewart's attendance as plenipotentiary at Chatillon, Paris and Vienna, cf. above, 2–3.
page 15 note 1 Created Baron Cowley 21 Jan. 1828.
page 15 note 2 Forbes ranked and was paid as secretary of embassy from 5 July 1828. F.O. 366/329.
page 15 note 3 Created Baron Beauvale 20 April 1839.
page 18 note 1 While accredited to Turkey and on his way back to Constantinople (cf. below, 170 and n. 3, where references are given to his other special missions on the same journey).
page 19 note 1 Simultaneously accredited to Hesse-Cassel (cf. below, 69) and Hesse-Darmstadt (cf. below, 71).
page 19 note 2 Shee and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Wurtemberg and resident at Stuttgart (cf. below, 197).
page 19 note 3 Cf. below, 161.
page 19 note 4 While secretary of legation and chargé d'affaires at Stuttgart. Cf. below, 197.
page 20 note 1 Cf. below, 198.
page 20 note 2 Cf. below, 198.
page 21 note 1 The envoy to Bavaria was normally also accredited to the Imperial Diet of Ratisbon (until its dissolution in 1806). Cf. below, 106–7.
page 21 note 2 Cf. Horn, 62–3.
page 22 note 1 Cf. below, 158 n. 1.
page 22 note 2 The draft credl. in F.O. 9/20 is dated — May 1800.
page 22 note 3 The draft instr. in F.O. 9/18 are dated — Oct. 1799.
page 23 note 1 The draft credl. in F.O. 95/660 is dated 24 Jan. 1814.
page 23 note 2 Hervey ranked as secretary of legation from his arrival at Munich, though his commission was not issued until 5 Jan. 1816.
page 23 note 3 A letter of recall for Lamb had already been issued on 28 Sept. 1819, but was cancelled on the death of George III and the new one above issued in its stead. F.O. 90/7 and 95/660.
page 23 note 4 Cf. below, 56–7.
page 24 note 1 G.C.H. 1822.
page 24 note 2 From Lamb's departure 29 March until Taylor's arrival 6 April 1820 Charles Townshend Barnard (below), then attaché at Stuttgart, was in charge at Munich.
page 25 note 1 Bingham ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 6 Aug. 1831. F.O. 366/329.
page 26 note 1 While accredited to Turkey and on his way back to Constantinople (cf. below 170 and n. 3, where references are given to his other special missions on the same journey).
page 26 note 2 Cf. below, 87–8.
page 26 note 3 While chargé d–affaires and consul-general at Lima. Cf. below, 88.
page 27 note 1 Previously secretary of legation and minister plenipotentiary at Lisbon. Cf. below, 90.
page 27 note 2 With a marginal: “ A Duplicate of this Full Power was signed by The King on the 8th of September 1809—and sent to Lord Strangford on the 29th.”
page 27 note 3 Probably never sent, as Strangford was recalled at the request of the Prince Regent of Portugal.
page 28 note 1 Cf. below, 92.
page 28 note 2 The draft credl. in F.O. 83/889 is dated 7 March 1825.
page 28 note 3 For the first part of this mission cf. below, 93. Stuart also received full powers as commissioner and plenipotentiary from the King of Portugal.
page 29 note 1 While on his way to take up his post at Buenos Aires. Cf. above, 6.
page 29 note 2 Aston ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 April 1826. F.O. 366/329.
page 30 note 1 No recall issued as he had not been reaccredited on the accession of William IV.
page 31 note 1 Charged with a special mission to the Argentine Confederation (cf. above, 8) and to Uruguay (below, 191) while on his way to Rio Janeiro.
page 32 note 1 While secretary of embassy at The Hague. Cf. below, 178.
page 32 note 1 Following an extraordinary mission to Prussia. Cf. below, 97.
page 32 note 1 While secretary of embassy at The Hague. Cf. below, 178.
page 32 note 2 Following an extraordinary mission to Prussia. Cf. below, 97.
page 33 note 1 While on his way to Berlin on a special mission. Cf. below, 98.
page 33 note 2 Simultaneously accredited to Hanover (cf. below, 64) and Oldenburg (cf. below, 82) and resident at Hanover.
page 34 note 1 There being no records of this embassy among the F.O. papers, these facts have been taken from Sir G. L. Staunton's Authentic Account of the embassy (2 vols. London, 1797), which is based upon Macartney's private and official papers.
page 34 note 2 Amherst was also furnished with a dormant joint full power with John Fullarton Elphinstone, Sir George Staunton and Henry Ellis, members of the embassy, to treat with China 20 Jan. 1816 (F.O. 90/71). Henry Ellis, secretary of embassy, also received a dormant credl. as minister plenipotentiary ad int. — Dec. 1815 (F.O. 90/71 and 95/662), which, however, he did not use.
page 35 note 1 A previous joint full power (30 Nov. 1839, F.O. 83/891) for Charles Elliot and Rear-Adm. Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland, commander-in-chief, was invalidated by Maitland's death 30 Nov. 1839.
page 35 note 2 On George Elliot's withdrawal a new joint full power for Charles Elliot and Sir John Bremer was issued (27 Feb. 1841, F.O. 83/891), but was not used.
page 35 note 3 A dormant full power for Rear-Adm. Sir William Parker and Maj.-Gen. Sir Hugh Gough, naval and military commanders-in-chief, was issued simultaneously with Pottinger's but was not used (F.O. 83/891).
page 35 note 4 Created baronet 18 July 1845.
page 36 note 1 Davis also had dormant full powers to treat with Japan (13 Sept. 1845, F.O. 83/892) and Cochin China (20 March 1846, F.O. 83/893). For his special mission to Cochin China in 1847 Cf. below.
page 36 note 2 Created K.C.B. 22 Nov. 1850.
page 36 note 3 Bonham also had dormant full powers to treat with Cochin China (2 Dec. 1847, F.O. 83/893) and Japan (2 Dec. 1847, F.O. 83/893).
page 36 note 4 A draft commission for Bowring designating him Chief Superintendent ad int., which was cancelled on the advice of the Law Officers, is in F.O. 17/186.
page 36 note 5 While Plenipotentiary and Chief Superintendent of Trade at Hong-Kong. Cf. above, 35–6.
page 37 note 1 Sir James Brooke was furnished with a credl. 18 June 1850 and letter of credence (issued 18 Dec. 1849) to Cochin China simultaneously with his letter of credence to Siam (cf. below, 128), but did not proceed to Cochin China.
page 37 note 4 Cf. below, 192.
page 37 note 5 Cf. below, 46–7.
page 37 note 2 Cf. Horn, 55.
page 37 note 3 Simultaneously accredited to Hesse-Cassel, Cf. below, 69.
page 38 note 1 Probably never issued.
page 38 note 2 Cf. preliminary note above, 37.
page 39 note 1 Adams ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 16 Nov. 1834. F.O. 366/329.
1 While accredited to Guatemala. Cf. below, 63.
page 40 note 2 Cf. Horn, 6.
page 41 note 1 From April to Aug. 1798, while still secretary of legation at Copenhagen. Craufurd was chargé d'affaires at Hamburg. Cf. below, 66.
page 42 note 1 While accredited to Russia. Cf. below, 109–10.
page 42 note 2 Cf. below, 149.
page 42 note 3 Consisting of instr. for Sir James Craufurd (appointed env. ex. and min. plen. to Denmark in Feb. 1803 but did not proceed) dated 27 Feb. 1803, with pencilled alterations adapting them for Liston.
page 43 note 1 Cf. below, 100.
page 44 note 1 Cf. below, 152–3.
page 44 note 2 Although Foster was already furnished with his credl. as envoy to Denmark, he was under orders not to present it until he had satisfied himself that the Danish government had done everything possible to execute the provisions of Thornton's treaty of 14 Jan. 1814 in what concerned the union of Norway and Sweden. He was therefore given a letter of credence ad int. Cf. Castlereagh to Foster, 26 May 1814. F.O. 22/64.
page 45 note 1 P.C. 28 March 1822.
page 45 note 2 G.C.H. 1831.
page 47 note 1 Cf. Horn, 26.
page 47 note 2 Earl Macartney was charged with a mission, but without credl., to Louis XVIII at Verona 1795–6. Cf. F.O. 27–45.
page 48 note 1 For the negotiation of the treaty of Amiens cf. above, 1.
page 49 note 1 For the negotiation of this treaty cf. above, 2.
page 49 note 2 The draft credl. in F.O. 95/663 is dated — July 1814.
page 49 note 3 Hon. Charles Bagot held the rank of minister plenipotentiary to France July 1814–April 1815 while acting as commissioner at Paris under the treaty of 30 May 1814, but was never in charge of affairs. Credl. 11 July 1814 (F.O. 90/18).
page 49 note 4 For Wellington's attendance at the Congress of Vienna cf. above, 3.
page 50 note 1 For the first seven months of this embassy Stuart was also accredited to the Netherlands. Cf. below, 180.
page 50 note 2 While accredited to the Netherlands. Cf. below, 181.
page 51 note 1 Hamilton ranked and was paid as secretary of embassy from 27 Dec. 1825. F.O. 366/329.
page 52 note 1 Created Earl Granville 10 May 1833.
page 52 note 2 Aston ranked and was paid as secretary of embassy from 11 Jan. 1833. F.O. 366/329.
1 The dates given in brackets are those of his first and last dispatches from these places.
2 Cf. below, 82.
page 56 note 1 For the Earl of Clancarty's attendance at the Territorial Commission of Frankfort between 1816 and 1819 cf. above, 4.
page 56 note 2 Simultaneously accredited to Bavaria until 1820. Cf. above, 23.
page 56 note 3 A previous credl. of 29 July 1817 (F.O. 90/27 and 95/664) was cancelled at Lamb's suggestion as being addressed to the Diet instead of to the Confederation. Cf. Lamb to Castlereagh 13 Nov. 1817 (F.O. 30/9) and Aberdeen to Strangways 21 July and 21 Aug. 1843 (F.O. 30/82).
page 57 note 1 Cathcart (from 1826) and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Hesse-Cassel. Cf. below, 69–71.
page 57 note 2 In reply to Milbanke's intimation that he had never received his comm., a new one was sent to him 1 Sept. 1829. He ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 July 1826. F.O. 366/329.
page 58 note 1 G.C.H. 1834.
page 59 note 1 His father was created Baron Dunfermline 7 June 1839.
page 60 note 1 Strangways (from 1847) and his successors were simultaneously accredited to the Grand Duke of Hesse (cf. below, 71–2) and the Duke of Nassau (cf. below, 81).
page 60 note 2 No recall issued in consequence of the outbreak of the German revolution of 1848.
page 61 note 1 While accredited to Turkey. Cf. below, 168.
page 62 note 1 With personal rank and pay as minister plenipotentiary.
page 62 note 2 Created Baronet 29 July 1840.
page 62 note 3 Lyons went to Athens in the first place as the bearer of a royal letter of congratulation to Otho I on his majority and accession (1 June 1835), but without diplomatic character.
page 62 note 4 While accredited to Turkey and on his way back to Constantinople (cf. below, 170 and n. 3, where references are given to his other special missions, on the same journey).
1 From 1850 also accredited to Costa Rica. Cf. above, 40.
1 While accredited to Turkey and on his way back to Constantinople (cf. below, 170 and n. 3, where references are given to his other special missions on the same journey).
page 65 note 1 Cf. Horn, 72.
page 65 note 2 The draft credl. in F.O. 90/29 is dated 20 April 1791.
page 66 note 1 While secretary of legation at Copenhagen. Cf. above, 41.
page 67 note 1 Thornton was also accredited through Baron Lenthe, the Hanoverian Minister in London, to the Regency of Hanover. Cf. Mulgrave to Lenthe, 5 May 1805. F.O. 90/27.
page 67 note 2 The draft credl. in F.O. 95/665 is dated 10 May 1815.
page 68 note 1 Plenipotentiary at Schwerin 1844. Cf. below, 74.
page 69 note 1 Cf. Horn, 58. Simultaneously accredited to Cologne. Cf. above, 37.
page 69 note 2 Simultaneously accredited to Baden (cf. above, 19) and Hesse-Darmstadt (cf. below, 71).
page 69 note 3 Simultaneously accredited to Cologne (cf. above, 37).
page 69 note 4 Cathcart and his successors were simultaneously accredited to the Germanic Confederation and resident at Frankfort. Cf. above, 57–61.
page 70 note 1 Co-Regent during the absence of the Elector.
page 70 note 2 Hon. Henry Edward Fox and Ralph Abercromby, on being appointed successively minister at Frankfort, were furnished with credls. to Hesse (F.O. 83/840), but did not present them.
page 70 note 3 Strangways (from 1847) and his successors were simultaneously accredited to the Grand Duke of Hesse and the Duke of Nassau (cf. below, 71–2 and 81).
page 71 note 1 Simultaneously accredited to Baden (cf. above, 19) and Hesse-Cassel (cf. above, 69).
page 71 note 2 Strangways and his successors were simultaneously accredited to the Germanic Confederation (cf. above, 60–1), the Elector of Hesse (cf. above, 70) and the Duke of Nassau (cf. below, 81).
page 71 note 3 No recall issued as he had not been reaccredited on the accession of Louis III.
1 While accredited to Costa Rica (above, 40) and Guatemala (above, 63), and resident at Guatemala.
page 72 note 2 P.C. 28 March 1822.
page 72 note 3 Burghersh and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Modena (cf. below, 78–9), Parma (cf. below, 82–3), and Tuscany (cf. below, 172–6), and resident at Florence.
page 73 note 1 This form was used instead of a recall because Burghersh had not presented new credls from William IV.
page 73 note 2 Chargé d'affaires at Florence. Cf. below, 174–5.
page 73 note 3 Succeeded 22 Oct. 1840.
page 74 note 1 Rt. Hon. Richard Lalor Sheil was accredited minister plenipotentiary 24 Oct. 1850, but died at Florence 25 May 1851 without having presented his credl. Rt. Hon. Sir William Henry Lytton Earle Bulwer was accredited minister plenipotentiary 19 Jan. 1852, but had not presented his credl. before the end of 1852.
page 75 note 1 Edward Thornton, resident 1805–7, and Alexander Cockburn, envoy extraordinary 1815–18, to the Hanse Towns, were formally accredited to the Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz as Princes of the Circle of Lower Saxony, but never resided or transacted business at either Court. Cf. above, 66–7
page 75 note 2 Westmorland and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Anhalt-Dessau (above, 5) and Prussia (below, 104–6), and resident at Berlin.
page 75 note 3 O'Gorman was also consul-general at Mexico.
page 76 note 1 This treaty was not ratified, but Ward retained the rank of chargé d'affaires at Mexico. A new treaty was signed in London 26 Dec. 1826 and ratified 19 July 1827.
page 78 note 1 P.C. 28 March 1822.
page 78 note 2 Burghersh and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Lucca (cf. above, 72–4), Parma (cf. below, 82–3) and Tuscany (cf. below, 172–6), and resident at Florence.
page 78 note 3 This form was used instead of a recall because Burghersh had not presented new credls. from William IV.
page 78 note 4 As a result of the Modenese government's failure to make reparation for two articles in the Voce della Verita of 16 and 18 July 1835 attacking Great Britain.
page 79 note 1 Rt. Hon. Richard Lalor Sheil was accredited minister plenipotentiary 24 Oct. 1850, but died at Florence 25 May 1851 without having presented his credl.
page 79 note 2 For the remainder of this mission cf. Algiers (above, 5), Tripoli (below, 163) and Tunis (below, 163–4).
page 79 note 3 The correspondence of this mission is preserved among the Colonial Office records (CO. 2/3, 4). The Colonial Office controlled the diplomatic and consular services in North Africa down to 1 June 1836, when they were transferred to the Foreign Office.
page 79 note 4 Issued from the Colonial Office.
page 80 note 1 A memorandum by Hay recommending that he should be given this additional character 21 July 1847 is in F.O. 99/35.
1 Strangways and his successors were simultaneously accredited to the Germanic Confederation (cf. above, 60–1), the Elector of Hesse (cf. above, 70–1) and the Grand Duke of Hesse (cf. above, 71–2).
1 Simultaneously accredited to Hanover (cf. above, 64) and Brunswick (cf. above, 33), and resident at Hanover.
page 82 note 2 Simultaneously accredited to Genoa. Cf. above, 55.
page 82 note 3 P.C. 28 March 1822.
page 82 note 4 Burghersh and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Lucca (cf. above, 72–4), Modena (cf. above, 78–9) and Tuscany (cf. below, 172–6), and resident at Florence.
page 82 note 5 The draft credl. in F.O. 95/670 is dated 9 Feb. 1818.
page 82 note 6 This form was used instead of a recall because Burghersh had not presented a new credl. from William IV.
page 83 note 1 Succeeded 22 Oct. 1840.
page 83 note 2 Rt. Hon. Richard Lalor Sheil was accredited as minister plenipotentiary 24 Oct. 1850, but died at Florence 25 May 1851 without having presented his credl. Rt. Hon. Sir William Henry Lytton Earle Bulwer was accredited minister plenipotentiary 19 Jan. 1852, but had not presented his credl. before the end of 1852.
page 84 note 1 It was originally intended that Jones should proceed to Tehran via St. Petersburg, where he was to offer British mediation between Russia and Persia, and a full power was issued for this purpose (cf. Canning to Jones, 2 Sept. 1807, enclosing the full power—F.O. 60/1), butitwas afterwards decided that Jones should go direct to Tehran.
page 84 note 2 The British representative at Tehran usually resided at the Court of the Prince Royal of Persia at Tabriz during the summer months of each year.
page 84 note 3 The draft commission in F.O. 60/4 is dated — May 1810.
page 84 note 4 The draft recall in F.O. 95/673 is dated — June 1815.
page 85 note 1 Ellis was also furnished with a dormant credl. as min. plen. ad int. (in case of Morier's absence or illness) 18 April 1814 (F.O. 90/71 and 95/673).
page 85 note 2 Macdonald was furnished with a letter of notification 29 July 1826 (F.O. 90/71 and 95/673), but not a credential, from the Crown. The accrediting of diplomatic representatives at Tehran reverted to the East India Company from 1826 until 1835, when Ellis was accredited by the Crown.
page 85 note 3 With a reversionary clause in favour of John McNeill (below) in the event of Campbell's absence or illness.
page 86 note 1 G.C.B. 15 April 1839.
page 86 note 2 McNeill was to have been accredited as min. plen. only (credl. 29 Jan. 1836, F.O. 83/839B), but he was afterwards given the fuller rank.
1 Cf. above, 26–7.
2 Cf. Horn, 95.
page 89 note 1 Cf. Horn, 101.
page 90 note 1 Simcoe was forced by ill-health to return home before he reached Lisbon.
page 90 note 2 Cf. above, 27–32.
page 91 note 1 P.C. 23 Sept. 1812 ; G.C.B. 26 Sept. 1812.
page 92 note 1 Through an oversight Ward had not previously received a commission (cf. Castlereagh to Ward, 28 March 1820. F.O. 63/231).
page 92 note 2 Previously env. ex. and min. plen. at Rio Janeiro. Cf. above, 28.
page 92 note 3 The draft credl. in F.O. 95/674 is dated — 1822.
page 93 note 1 Created Baron Heytesbury 23 Jan. 1828.
page 93 note 2 For the remainder of this mission cf. above, 28–9.
page 96 note 1 Cf. Horn, 109.
page 97 note 1 Cf. above, 32–3.
page 97 note 2 The original recalls having been lost in the shipwreck of the Proserpine frigate in Jan. 1799, duplicates were issued 22 June 1802.
page 98 note 1 Grenville was also furnished with a credl. to the Emp. (F.O. 90/5 and 95/497), but did not proceed to Vienna.
page 98 note 2 Endorsed: “ N.B. Mr. Grenville's Full Power having been lost, another was sent him dated March 8th 1799.” The first was lost in the shipwreck of the Proserpine frigate in Jan. 1799.
page 99 note 1 George Hammond, who accompanied Harrowby on this mission, was given a dormant full power dated 24 Oct. 1805 (F.O. 90/56). Cf. Mulgrave to Harrowby, 31 Oct. 1805 (F.O. 64/70).
page 100 note 1 With pay as an acting minister plenipotentiary. F.O. 366/329. page 100 note 2 While accredited to Denmark (cf. above, 43). Garlike was sent to Prussia in place of John Hookham Frere, who had been appointed env. ex. and min. plen. (credls. 17 June 1807, F.O. 90/56), but did not proceed.
page 101 note 1 Lt.-Gen. 4 June 1814.
page 101 note 2 For Stewart's attendance as plenipotentiary at Chatillon and Paris in 1814, cf. above, 2.
page 101 note 3 P.C. 6 April 1818.
page 101 note 4 G.C.H. 1819; Kt. 1819.
page 102 note 1 Seymour ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 Jan. 1828. F.O. 366/329.
page 102 note 2 P.C. 12 Oct. 1829.
page 103 note 1 Abercromby ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 July 1831. F.O. 366/329.
page 103 note 2 Durham was simultaneously accredited to Russia (cf. below, 116) and Austria, but did not proceed to Vienna.
page 104 note 1 First letter of recall also dated 15 Oct. 1841 cancelled at Russell's request, since it stated that he had requested permission to resign, which he had not done. d. the recalls in F.O. 83/841 and Russell to Aberdeen, 10 Nov. 1841, F.O. 64/233.
page 104 note 2 Succeeded 15 Dec. 1841.
page 104 note 3 Westmorland (from 1847) and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz (above, 74–5) and Anhalt-Dessau (above, 5).
page 105 note 1 While accredited to Turkey and on his way back to Constantinople (cf. below, 170 and n. 3, where references are given to his other special missions on this journey).
page 106 note 1 Walpole and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Bavaria. Cf. above, 21–2.
page 106 note 2 Walpole had previously been at Ratisbon for about one month in Sept. and Oct. 1792 while accredited to Bavaria.
page 106 note 1 Walpole and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Bavaria. Cf. above, 21–2.
page 106 note 2 Walpole had previously been at Ratisbon for about one month in Sept. and Oct. 1792 while accredited to Bavaria.
page 107 note 1 The draft credl. in F.O. 9/20 is dated — May 1800.
page 107 note 2 The draft instr. in F.O. 9/18 are dated — Oct. 1799.
page 108 note 4 K.B. 17 Nov. 1793.
page 108 note 5 Created Baron Whitworth 21 March 1800.
page 108 note 6 Cf. Horn, 119.
page 109 note 1 The treaty was signed 9 Jan. 1792.
page 109 note 2 For St. Helens' negotiation of the accession of Denmark and Sweden to the convention of St. Petersburg of 17 June 1801, cf. above, 42, and below, 149.
page 110 note 1 Stuart ranked and was paid as secretary of embassy from 5 April 1804. F.O. 366/329.
page 111 note 1 Cf. below, 152.
page 111 note 2 Created Earl Cathcart 16 July 1814.
page 111 note 3 For Cathcart's attendance as plenipotentiary at Châtillon, Paris and Vienna, cf. above, 2–3.
page 112 note 1 Bagot took out with him a dormant credl. as minister plenipotentiary ad int. for Cathcart (23 May 1820, F.O. 90/59 and 95/676), but it was never used, although in virtue of it Cathcart was retrospectively ranked as minister plenipotentiary for the period during which he acted as chargé d'affaires. Cf. F.O. 366/329.
page 113 note 1 Canning was to have attended the Emperor's proposed Conference at St. Petersburg on Turkish affairs and a full power for this and for the American north-west coast question was prepared for him (—Nov. 1824. F.O. 83/889). When it was afterwards decided not to empower him to attend the Turkish Conference, the double full power was cancelled and a new one issued for the American north-west coast question only. Cf. marginals on the drafts in F.O. 90/59 and 83/889.
page 116 note 1 Durham was simultaneously accredited to Prussia (cf. above, 103) and Austria, but did not proceed to Vienna.
page 116 note 2 Sir Stratford Canning was gazetted ambassador to Russia 30 Oct. 1832, Taut did not proceed in consequence of the Emperor's refusal to receive him. He retained the nominal character of ambassador to Russia while on an extraordinary mission to Spain Jan.–May 1833 (cf. below, 145), but in July 1833 his appointment was cancelled.
page 116 note 3 No recall issued owing to his credls. not having been renewed on the accession of Victoria.
page 118 note 1 Succeeded 15 Aug. 1846.
page 118 note 2 Cf. Horn, 127.
page 119 note 1 P.C. 7 April 1824.
page 119 note 2 He took the additional surname of Noel by royal licence 19 March 1824.
page 120 note 1 The Sardinian Court, accompanied by the diplomatic corps, passed four or five weeks annually at Genoa on the occasion of the King's birthday, but these temporary changes of residence are not included in the list.
page 120 note 2 Joseph Smith, secretary of legation at Cagliari, was presented as chargé d'affaires by Hill in anticipation of his departure on leave mid-April 1813. At Bentinck's request, however. Hill almost immediately afterwards sent Smith to Palermo as acting secretary of legation in Lamb's absence (cf. below, 131–2). While at Palermo Smith fell ill and was on his way to England on leave to recuperate when he died on board ship off Cagliari in Nov. 1813. Though nominally chargé d'affaires at Cagliari, therefore, Smith was never actually in charge there.
page 120 note 3 Percy ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 July 1814. F.O. 366/329.
page 120 note 4 Created baronet 30 Sept. 1831.
page 121 note 1 St. George ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 July 1826. F.O. 366/329.
page 121 note 2 Fox ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 July 1832. F.O. 366/329.
page 121 note 3 K.C.B. I March 1851.
page 122 note 1 For the remainder of this mission cf. Rome (above, 108), Sicily (below, 135), Switzerland (below, 161) and Tuscany (below, 176).
page 123 note 2 Simultaneously accredited to Saxony and resident at Dresden. Cf. below, 126–7.
page 123 note 1 Simultaneously accredited to Saxony and resident at Dresden. Cf. below, 126–7.
page 123 note 2 Secretary of legation at Dresden and previously resident there. Cf. below, 125–7.
page 124 note 2 Cf. Horn, 66.
page 124 note 3 The draft credl. in F.O. 95/492 is dated 15 July 1789.
page 125 note 1 The draft credls. in F.O. 95/679 are dated — Dec. 1815.
page 126 note 1 From June 1841 Forbes was also accredited to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (cf. above, 123), and from Oct. 1847 to the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and the Dukes of Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Meiningen (above, 122–4).
page 127 note 1 Cf. above, 123.
page 127 note 2 While accredited to Turkey and on his way back to Constantinople (cf. below, 170 and n. 3, where references are given to his other special missions on the same journey).
page 128 note 1 Brooke was also furnished with a credl. and letter of credence to Cochin China, but did not proceed thither.
page 128 note 2 A credl. and letter of credence on a special mission of congratulation to the King of Siam on his accession were prepared for Brooke in 1851 (F.O. 69/3), but he did not proceed on this mission.
page 128 note 3 P.C. 8 June 1791.
page 128 note 4 Cf. Horn, 76.
page 135 note 2 Cf. Horn, 11.
page 136 note 1 Cf. below, 179–82.
page 137 note 1 Cf. below, 182.
page 137 note 2 Hamilton ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 July 1831. F.O. 366/329.
page 138 note 1 Bulwer had previously been secretary of legation at Brussels from Nov. 1832 until 3 Sept. 1833, when he resigned.
page 139 note 1 Between Seymour's departure 15 Oct. 1845 and Waller's return 20 Oct. 1845 Edward Erskine, paid attaché, was in charge of affairs.
page 139 note 2 While accredited to Turkey and on his way back to Constantinople (cf. below, 170 and n. 3, where references are given to his other special missions on the same journey).
page 139 note 3 Cf. Horn, 138.
page 140 note 1 Created Baron St. Helens in the peerage of Ireland 26 Jan. 1791.
page 141 note 1 For the negotiation of the treaty of peace of 27 March 1802 cf. above, 1.
page 141 note 2 Frere ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 10 Oct. 1802. F.O. 366/329.
page 141 note 3 Canning to Stuart, enclosing the letter of credence, 6 July 1808. F.O. 72/57.
page 142 note 1 Cf. above, 12–13.
page 142 note 2 K.B. 10 March 1812.
page 143 note 1 Hervey continued to rank as secretary of embassy after the reduction of the embassy to a legation in 1822.
page 144 note 1 Cf. F.O. 366/560.
page 145 note 1 Canning was at this time (and is so described in the above credls.) ambassador to Russia, but had not proceeded to St. Petersburg owing to the Tsar's refusal to receive him. Cf. above, 116 n. 2.
page 145 note 2 Succeeded 22 Dec. 1838.
page 145 note 3 Hervey ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 10 Oct. 1830. F.O. 366/329.
page 146 note 1 P.C. 30 June 1845.
page 147 note 1 Robert Peel, attaché, was at Barcelona in June and July 1845 to attend upon the Queen.
page 147 note 1 Cf. Horn, 144.
page 148 note 1 Wesley ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 Jan. 1792. F.O. 366/329.
page 148 note 2 For correspondence between Engeström, Swedish Minister in London, and Lord Grenville on Spencer's omitting to present Garlike, 2–7 Jan. 1795, cf. F.O. 97/399.
page 149 note 1 While accredited to Russia. Cf. above. 109–10.
page 149 note 2 The draft instr. in F.O. 73/31 are dated 8 Sept. 1802.
page 149 note 3 Cf. above, 42.
page 150 note 1 A draft credl. for Bathurst as minister plenipotentiary ad int. to Sweden — Sept. 1807 and endorsed “ Not granted ” is in F.O. 90/68.
page 151 note 1 A draft credl. for Merry on an extraordinary mission to Sweden 1 Nov. 1808, for which the credls. as envoy were substituted, is in F.O. 90/68.
page 151 note 2 No letter of recall was issued for Merry in order to avoid implied recognition of the Duke of Sudermania's recent assumption of the Regency of Sweden. Cf. Canning to Merry, 29 March and 4 April 1809. F.O. 73/55.
page 152 note 1 P.C. 8 June 1816.
page 152 note 2 For Thornton's simultaneous negotiation and signature of treaty of 18 July 1812 with Russia, cf. above, 111.
page 152 note 3 For Thornton and Hope's joint mission to Denmark at the beginning of June 1813, cf. above, 44.
page 152 note 4 For Thornton's negotiation and signature of treaty of 14 Jan. 1814 with Denmark, cf. above, 44.
page 153 note 1 For this mission, cf. above, 44.
page 153 note 2 Ward was presented by Thornton to the King and Queen of Sweden but did not rank as chargé d'affaires. Cf. Hamilton to Ward, 23 Feb. 1817. F.O. 73/100.
page 154 note 1 Created Baron Bloomfield 14 May 1825.
page 155 note 1 Bloomfield ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 July 1826. F.O. 366/329.
page 157 note 1 Cf. Horn, 150.
page 158 note 1 Wickham returned to Switzerland on a confidential military mission, but without credl., in 1798.
page 158 note 2 The draft credl. in F.O. 95/684 is dated 27 May 1814. Another draft (undated) in the same volume is endorsed : “ Not sent.”
page 158 note 3 From 1814 to 1850 in addition to his credl. to the Confederation, the envoy to Switzerland was furnished with a letter of credence to the presiding Avoyer.
page 159 note 1 Disbrowe ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 29 June 1820. F.O. 366/329.
page 159 note 2 A minute by Planta of 10 Jan. 1824 to make out Pakenham's comm. is in F.O. 83/889.
page 161 note 1 While attaché at Stuttgart. Cf. above, 19.
page 161 note 2 For the remainder of this mission cf. Rome (above, 108), Sardinia (above, 122), Sicily (above, 135) and Tuscany (below, 176).
1 For the remainder of this mission cf. Algiers (above, 5), Morocco (above, 79) and Tunis (below).
2 The correspondence of this mission is preserved among the Colonial Office records (CO. 2/3, 4). The Colonial Office controlled the diplomatic and consular services in North Africa down to 1 June 1836, when they were transferred to the Foreign Office.
page 163 note 3 For the remainder of this mission cf. Algiers (above, 5), Morocco (above, 79) and Tripoli (above).
page 163 note 2 The correspondence of this mission is preserved among the Colonial Office records (CO. 2/3, 4). The Colonial Office controlled the diplomatic and consular services in North Africa down to 1 June 1836, when they were transferred to the Foreign Office.
page 164 note 1 Issued from the Colonial Office.
page 164 note 2 On the motives for the substitution of a letter of credence for the former credl. to the agent and consul-general at Tunis, cf. Palmerston to Baynes, 11 Feb. 1850. F.O. 102–37.
page 164 note 3 Cf. Horn, 154–5.
page 164 note 4 Down to 1832, in addition to the credl. to the Sultan, the ambassador to Turkey was furnished with a credl. to the Grand Vizir.
page 165 note 1 The draft credls. in F.O. 78/20 are dated 30 Sept. 1798.
page 165 note 2 Smith's rank as minister plenipotentiary was not affected by Elgin's embassy. Cf. Grenville to Smith, 18 Dec. 1798 (F.O. 78/20), and Grenville to Elgin, 7 March 1800 (F.O. 78/28).
page 167 note 1 G.C.B. 21 Oct. 1816.
page 168 note 1 Without credl.
page 168 note 2 Turner did not present his credls. Cf. Turner to Canning 10 Nov. and Canning to Turner 24 Dec. 1824. F.O. 78/125.
page 168 note 3 From Aug. to Dec. 1828 Canning was in Greece as joint plenipotentiary. Cf. above, 61–2.
page 169 note 1 G.C.H. 1829 ; G.C.B. 7 Dec. 1829.
page 169 note 2 Mandeville retained the rank and allowances of minister plenipotentiary during Canning's special mission and until Ponsonby's arrival (cf. Palmerston to Mandeville, 31 May 1832. F.O. 78/212), but as he had fresh audiences in that character on Canning's departure, it is perhaps more correct, as is here the case, to make two entries.
page 169 note 3 Created viscount 20 April 1839.
page 170 note 1 From 1837 onwards the practice of furnishing the ambassador to Turkey with a credl. to the Grand Vizir was discontinued.
page 170 note 2 Created viscount 24 April 1852.
page 170 note 3 On his way back to Constantinople in 1848 Canning was charged with special missions to Austria (above, 18), Bavaria (above, 26), Belgium (above, 139), Hanover (above, 64–5), Prussia (above, 105) and Saxony (above, 127).
page 170 note 4 Succeeded 27 April 1847.
page 171 note 1 An appointment peculiar to the embassy at Constantinople and involving the control of all communications with the Turkish government through the dragomans.
page 171 note 2 On Alison's position cf. Palmerston to Cowley, 10 March 1848. F.O. 78/729.
page 171 note 3 Cf. Horn, 82.
page 172 note 1 P.C. 28 March 1822.
page 172 note 2 Burghersh (from 1818) and his successors were simultaneously accredited to Parma (above, 82–3), Lucca (above, 72–4) and Modena (above, 78–9).
page 172 note 3 By arrangement with the Tuscan Foreign Minister Burghersh substituted a new credl. for his previous one, 27 April 1820. Cf. Burghersh to Castlereagh, 2 May 1820. F.O. 79/35.
page 173 note 1 Cf. above, 107.
page 173 note 2 Cf. above, 133.
page 173 note 3 Dawkins (from 5 March 1818) and succeeding secretaries of legation at Florence also performed the functions of secretaries of legation to Parma, Modena and Lucca, but without receiving separate commissions.
page 173 note 4 Bligh ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 Aug. 1829. F.O. 366/329.
page 174 note 1 Cf. above, 107–8.
page 174 note 2 Edgcumbe ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 Jan. 1831. F.O. 366/329.
page 174 note 3 Cf. above, 108.
page 175 note 1 Succeeded 22 Oct. 1840.
page 176 note 1 For the remainder of this mission cf. Rome (above, 108), Sardinia (above, 122), Sicily (above, 135) and Switzerland (above, 161).
page 177 note 1 Cf. Horn, 167.
page 177 note 2 The ambassador or envoy to the Republic of the United Netherlands was furnished with a credl. (and, consequently, a letter of recall) both to the States General and to the Prince-Stadholder.
page 178 note 1 From Aug. to Oct. 1792 Spencer was charged with a special mission to the Emperor (cf. above, 10).
page 178 note 2 For the remainder of this mission, cf. Prussia, above, 97.
page 179 note 1 For the negotiation of the treaty of peace of 27 March 1802, cf. above, I.
page 179 note 2 While on his way to take up his appointment as envoy at Stuttgart. Cf. below, 194.
page 180 note 1 Gordon was at Paris as commissary for the exchange of prisoners May–June 1814.
page 180 note 2 From March 1815 Stuart was also accredited to the King of France. Cf. above, 50.
page 181 note 1 Cf. above, 4.
page 181 note 2 Cf. above, 50.
page 182 note 1 Cartwright was on special service at Brussels Sept.—Dec. 1830. Cf. above, 137.
page 182 note 2 Bligh ranked and was paid as secretary of embassy from 5 Jan. 1831. F.O. 366/329.
page 182 note 3 On Bligh's recall the embassy was reduced to a legation.
page 182 note 4 His appointment as secretary of legation took effect from 4 June 1833.
page 184 note 1 Anthony Merry (below) was the first British minister to the United States to reside at Washington. Hammond and Liston resided principally at Philadelphia, with visits to other important towns.
page 185 note 1 Merry and his successors at Washington usually passed the summer and/or autumn months of each year at Philadelphia or elsewhere. These temporary changes of residence are not included in the list.
page 187 note 1 The draft credl. in F.O. 95/684 is dated — June 1815.
page 188 note 1 From Jan. to July 1824, while still accredited, Canning was plenipotentiary for negotiating with the United States in London.
page 188 note 2 Knighted 4 Feb. 1833 and created G.C.H. 1833.
page 188 note 3 Bankhead ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 Jan. 1826. F.O. 366/329.
page 190 note 1 While accredited to Rio de la Plata. Cf. above, 7.
page 191 note 1 Then paid attaché at Rio Janeiro.
page 191 note 2 Jointly with Baron Defiaudis, French special envoy. Ouseley was at this still accredited to the Argentine Confederation. Cf. above, 7–8.
page 191 note 3 Jointly with Count Walewski (France).
page 191 note 4 Jointly with Baron Gros (France).
1 Cf. above, 37.
1 Cf. Horn. 86.
2 William Lindsay and Francis Drake were successively appointed Resident at Venice to succeed Vincent, but neither proceeded.
page 194 note 1 Cf. above, 22.
page 194 note 2 In May 1805 John Harcourt King was appointed secretary of legation and chargé d'affaires to Wurtemberg, but he did not get beyond Berlin on his way to Stuttgart.
page 196 note 1 Seymour ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 July 1826. F.O. 366/329.
page 196 note 2 Wellesley ranked and was paid as secretary of legation from 5 Jan. 1832. F.O. 366/329.
page 197 note 1 Shee (from 1841) and his successors were simultaneously accredited to the Grand Duke of Baden. Cf. above, 19–20.
page 198 note 1 Cf. above, 20.
page 198 note 2 Cf. above, 20.