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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009
page 25 note 2 Bishop Atterbury. See note, Appendix, p. 141, infra.
page 25 note 3 It appears from the evidence at the trials of Atterbury, Kelly and Plunket, that the first object of the conspirators was to seize the Tower and obtain a supply of arms (State Trials).
page 26 note 1 The Constable's house on the parade is now known as ‘The King's House,’ its earliest name, and is occupied by the Major of the Tower as Resident Governor. On the accompanying plan of 1681–9 it is called “The Lieutenant's Lodgings.” There was formerly a garden on the north side of the house, extending over part of the parade. The Bell Tower, to which access is gained through the King's House, was at one time used as prisoners' lodgings, but whether it was so used in Williamson's time does not appear. The wooden turret on this tower contained the alarm bell of the garrison.
page 26 note 2 The Liberty of the Tower included the site of the fortification and the wharf on the south side, together with strips of ground on the lower east and west sides and a space, including Tower Hill and Little Tower Hill, to the north–west, north and north–east, with some outlying grounds. The exact boundaries are given by Bayley, , History of the Tower, II, App. cxviii.Google Scholar The Liberty included the Precinct within the walls or ‘the Tower within,’ and the Precinct outside the walls, or ‘The Tower Without ’ (see entry in the Diary March 18, 1728–9); and see note “The Tower Court and Liberty,” Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 26 note 3 Pepys speaks of attending service in the Tower Chapel (St. Peter–ad–Vincula), in company with Sir John Robinson, and evidently refers to the pew mentioned by Williamson: “Lord's Day, February 28, 1663–4. The Lieutenant of the Tower, Sir J. Robinson, would needs have me by coach home with him where the officers of his regiment dined with him. After dinner, to Chapel in the Tower with the Lieutenant, with the keys carried before us and the warders and gentlemen–porters going before us; and I sat with the Lieutenant in his pew in great state.” (Pepys' Diary, ed. Braybrooke, Lord, ii, 23)Google Scholar. Sir John Robinson, Bart., was appointed Lieutenant of the Tower in June, 1660, and held the post until 1679 (see Bayley, , History of the Tower, Part II, Appendix, lxxxviii, lxxxix)Google Scholar. He was Lord Mayor of London 1662–3, and died in 1680 (G.E.C., Complete Baronetage, iii, 52). He is generally included in the list of Constables of the Tower, but he never held that office.
page 27 note 1 There are further entries in the Diary as to planting under the dates November 17, 1729; January 14, 1731–2; and January 10, 1734–5. The Constable's Lodge, against which the pear trees were planted, was the house in which Williamson lived. The round tower, against which the vines were planted, was no doubt the Bell Tower, adjoining the house. The Ditch behind the bridge where the elders were planted was probably part of the Tower Ditch by the drawbridge, which connected the Byward Tower with the wharf (see Frontispiece). Perhaps part of the Ditch under the wall was dry enough for planting.
page 27 note 2 St. Catherine's Hospital was just outside the Tower, on the south-east. It was removed to Regent's Park in 1825.
page 28 note 1 The Gentleman Gaoler was the chief warder, and held his post by warrant of the Constable. His duty was the locking up and charge of prisoners, and to carry the axe before such of them as were sent for trial, to and from the court, the edge turned from them before conviction, and towards them after conviction. (Bayley, History of the Tower, 668; Trial of Lords Kilmarnock, etc.; Howell's State Trials, xviii, 458, see, also, p. 125, infra). In the absence of the Gentleman Porter the Gentleman Gaoler acted as his deputy (see entry, March 26, 1741, p. no, infra).
page 29 note 1 See note “Williamson and Lord Carlisle,” Appendix, p. 159, infra. The portion of the above entry enclosed in brackets is crossed out in the MS.
page 29 note 2 Henry Clinton, seventh Earl of Lincoln (1684–1728), was Constable of the Tower from 1723 to 1725.
page 30 note 1 The order of January 25, 1722–3, is doubtless connected with an interview between Bishop Atterbury and his son-in-law, William Morice; see note “Bishop Atterbury,” Appendix, p. 147, infra.
page 30 note 2 This order has reference to Atterbury's case. See the entry of February 25, 1722–3, pp. 37, 38, infra.
page 30 note 3 See note “Doctor Harvey,” Appendix, p. 160, infra.
page 31 note 1 Appointed Constable in September, 1726. The date of this entry cannot therefore be earlier than 1726.
page 31 note 2 These orders should be dated 1727; see entry of October 11, 1727 (pp. 49, 50, infra). The “Governor ” in order 1 is Williamson, the Resident Governor.
page 31 note 3 “Apron ”; a square piece of lead laid over the touch-hole (New Eng. Dict.).
page 32 note 1 Compare with list of Constables, p. 21, supra. According to Doyle, Official Baronage, ii, 386, Lord Lincoln was Constable until June 1, 1725.
page 32 note 2 Evidently the first item should read: “Fees for safe-keeping a commoner per week.” This and the fees following, except the second, seem to have been paid by the Government to the Constable or Resident Governor by way of remuneration for his services. The second item was the Government allowance for the subsistence of a prisoner without means. From later entries it appears that prisoners contracted with the Deputy-Lieutenant at so much a week for their subsistence (see pp. 120–123), and he no doubt made a profit by the bargain.
page 32 note 3 As to Kelly and Plunket see entries February 2, 1722–3, and April 11, 1723.
page 33 note 1 The Ordnance Office and the Mint were within the Tower walls, the former to the south of the White Tower, the latter between the inner and outer walls on the west, north, and east sides. There is a plan of the Mint as it existed in 1701 attached to the Twenty-first Annual Report of the Deputy-Master of the Mint (1890).
page 33 note 2 It will be observed that the first of these rules refers to process generally, and the second only to process issuing out of the Tower Court. The Tower formed a privileged place, exempt from the jurisdiction of the sheriffs of London or Middlesex, but in the case of persons in the service of the Crown being sued, the Resident Governor would, except in the case of a military officer actually on duty, compel them to submit to the jurisdiction, or quit the Tower. The second rule authorizes the Governor to compel the submission of any person, not in his Majesty's service, but residing within the fortification, to the process of the Tower Court. As to this Court see note “The Tower Court and Liberty,” Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 33 note 3 The “Spur ” was the projecting portion of the Fortification at the southwest corner, containing the Bulwark or Lion Gate which occupied the position of the present entrance gate.
page 34 note 1 The Diary proper begins here.
page 34 note 2 Christopher Layer, as the name is properly spelt. See note, Appendix, p. 162, infra.
page 34 note 3 The date of this entry should not be earlier than November 27, on which day Layer received sentence of death. “Mr Berriman ” is probably John Berriman, Rector of St. Olave's and St. Alban's (see Dict. Nat. Biog.). A warrant of December 3 authorizes “John Berryman, a clergyman, to attend Mr Layer in the room of Dr Moss who is indisposed ” (Tower Records, iii. 161; and see entry December 3, infra). “Dr Moss ” was perhaps Robert Moss, D.D., Dean of Ely and Chaplain in Ordinary to the King (see Dict. Nat. Biog.). “Hawkins ” is no doubt Dr. Hawkins, Chaplain to the Tower, whose death is noted in the Diary under date September 29, 1736.
page 34 note 4 By “Lord North and Orrery ” is meant Lord North and Grey, and Lord Orrery,' as to whom see Appendix, pp. 164 and 165, infra.
page 34 note 5 Thomas Pitt, first Earl of Londonderry (1688 ?–1729), an Irish peer who sat for Wilton in the British House of Commons (Dict. Nat. Biog.).
page 34 note 6 As to Lord Carlisle, see note “Williamson and Lord Carlisle,” Appendix, p. 159 infra; as to Lord Lincoln, see p. 29, note (2) supra. The nomination of a warder was sold by Williamson in April, 1731, for £210 (see p. 70, infra).
page 35 note 1 Anthony Cracherode, Solicitor to the Treasury, died April 22, 1752 (Gent. Mag. x, 192). Temple Stanian, clerk to the Secretary of State, afterwards Under-Secretary, was a witness at Layer's trial (Howell's State Trials, xvi, 198; Haydn, Dignities, 225).
page 35 note 2 “Doctor Purcell or friend,” should read “Doctor Purcell or Doctor Freind.” John Purcell, M.D. (1674 ?–1730) practised as a physician in London and was the author of A Treatise of Vapours or Hysteric Fits, which has been praised for its good sense (Dict. Nat. Biog.). He attended Lord North and Grey for a fever (Tower Records, iii, 172). As to Doctor Freind see p. 38, infra.
page 35 note 3 See note “Lord North and Grey,” Appendix, p. 164, infra.
page 35 note 4 See note “Christopher Layer,” Appendix, p. 162, infra.
page 35 note 5 The Revd. Wm. Ayerst, B.D. For biographical particulars, see Pocock, History of Gravesend, 88.
page 35 note 6 Sir Hans Sloane, 1660–1753, physician; see Dict. Nat. Biog.
page 35 note 7 See note “Lord Orrery,” Appendix, p. 165, infra.
page 35 note 8 George Kelly and Dennis Kelly who do not appear to have been related in blood. See note “George Kelly,” Appendix, p. 166, infra; “Dennis Kelly,” ibid.p. 173.
page 35 note 9 The Major of the Tower (see Introduction pp. 7, 8). “G. Porter,” i.e. The Gentleman Porter, who held his office by letters patent at the recommendation of the Constable (Bayley, History of the Tower, 667), and had charge of the gates but he accompanied prisoners outside the Tower from time to time and attended upon occasions of ceremony. In May, 1719, the Constable, Lord Carlisle, made a report to the Treasury upon a petition of Thomas Serjeant, “Gate [Gent. ?] Porter of the Tower of London.” The Constable says that the office of Gentleman Porter is one of trust, he having the care of the Tower Gates and it being his duty to see them locked and well secured every night. The pay was 2s. 2d. a day and upon Serjeant's petition an additional £60 a year was granted (Cal. Treasury Papers, 1714–1719, p. 458). The Gentleman Porter's house adjoined the Constable's house and the Bell Tower (Ib. 1735–1738, p. 325). For the period of the Diary, Thomas Sergant, or Serjeant, held the office until December, 1726 (Diary, p. 46), W. Pennington until April, 1734 (pp. 47, 84), and Joslin Sidney, brother of Lord Leicester (p. 84) until he succeeded to that title on his brother's death in 1737 (pp. 96, 97). Sir Thomas I'anson was Gentleman Porter in 1746 (p. 121). In the absence of the Gentleman Porter, the Gentleman Gaoler acted for him; see entry March 26, 1741, p. 110, infra.
page 35 note 1 A prisoner having the liberty of the Tower could leave his lodgings and walk, subject to restrictions, within the circuit of the walls. If committed for high treason, he was required to give security before receiving the liberty.
page 35 note 2 See note “Christopher Layer,” Appendix, p. 162, infra.
page 35 note 3 Warrant of the Secretary of State of this date for Dr Sandlins “a physitian ” to have admittance to Thomas Cochrane (Tower Records, iii, 141). Cochrane came from Scotland where he had carried on a correspondence in connexion with Bishop Atterbury's plot (Howell's State Trials, xvi, 342), and was committed to the Tower on a charge of high treason, August 8, 1722 (Tower Records, iii, 139). On August 23 there is a warrant for him to walk in the open air within the Tower, accompanied by the Lieutenant or Gentleman Gaoler, and on the same day he was joined by his servant David Williamson “to be kept in the same house as his master ” (Ib. 140). On August 26, however, Cochrane was ordered to be kept close prisoner (Ib. 141). On September 7, he was brought with Atterbury and Dennis Kelly to the Old Bailey where his application to be bailed or brought to trial was refused (Fortescue's Reports, 101). On May 25, 1723, there is a warrant for such persons as desire to speak with Cochrane to have access to him at all convenient hours (Tower Records, iii, 190) and on May 28 he was discharged on bail (see entry of that date below).
page 37 note 1 Richard Mead (1673–1754), Physician to the King; see Dict. Nat. Biog. He visited Dr Freind in the Tower in May 1722–3 (see Appendix, p. 174, infra).
page 37 note 2 Physician to the Tower; see note “Dr Harvey,” Appendix, p. 160, infra.
page 37 note 3 Britwell.
page 37 note 4 See note “Dr Harvey,” Appendix, p. 160, infra.
page 37 note 5 Written by the bishop to his son-in-law, William Morice, and seized February 26. A copy is in the Commons Reports, 1715–1735, i, 258.
page 38 note 1 See p. 30, supra, February 12.
page 38 note 2 As to this incident, see note “Bishop Atterbury,” Appendix, p. 153, infra.
page 38 note 3 See note “George Kelly,” Appendix, p. 166, infra.
page 38 note 4 Hugh Chamberlen the younger (1664–1728), a fashionable London physician; see Dict. Nat. Biog. He attended Dennis Kelly as well as Bishop Atterbury; see entries of March 23, 1722–3, and April 13, 1723.
page 38 note 5 See note “Dr Freind,” Appendix, p. 174, infra. “Warrant of commitment “: A Secretary of State may lawfully commit persons for treason and for other offences against the State (Hawkins, , Pleas of the Crown, ii, 175Google Scholar; The King v. Despard (1798), 7 Term Reports at p. 742). Lord Camden sums up the history of the subject in Entick v. Carrington, 1765 (Howell's, State Trials, xix, 1029)Google Scholar. A modern instance is found in The Queen v. Oxford (1840) 4 State Trials, N.S. 497. The original warrant in Dr Freind's case is amongst the Tower Records (iii, 191).
page 39 note 1 The Bill of pains and penalties, which was read a first time in the Commons this day.
page 39 note 2 Dr Chamberlen is authorized to attend Dennis Kelly in the presence of the Lieutenant or his Deputy, and the Physician of the Tower, by warrant of this date (Tower Records, iii, 137). Dr Freind who had attended him previously was now a prisoner (see entry of March 15).
page 39 note 3 For the second reading of the Bill of pains and penalties (Tower Records, iii. 177).
page 39 note 4 The Cockpit constructed by Henry VIII gave its name to the buildings which afterwards occupied the site. In the warrant dated April 6, the place of examination is described as “Lord Carteret's office”; in Lord Lincoln's letter of the same date, to which the above entry refers, it is called “The Cock-pit “(Tower Records, iii, 138, 139). The actual site of the Cockpit is now occupied by part of the Treasury buildings in Whitehall, and is behind No. 10 Downing Street. The expression “Treasury Chambers, Cockpit,” was in use down to the middle of the nineteenth century (see art. “Lord Rosebery and Shakespeare,” Times, May 8, 1911, and “Memoirs of Whitehall,” Globe, same day).
page 40 note 1 Upon Kelly's petition to the House of Lords that Sir Constantine Phipps and Nicholas Fazakerly might be allowed his counsel, and Mr Hugh Watson and Mr Dennis Kelly his solicitors, it was ordered accordingly, but omitting Kelly, Dennis (Howell's State Trials, xvi, 469).Google Scholar Dennis Kelly may have been too nearly connected with one of the Kelly prisoners.
page 40 note 2 See note “John Plunket,” Appendix, p. 174, infra.
page 40 note 3 The warrant is dated March 31 (Tower Records, iii, 138). There was an apothecary attached to the Tower who held his place by warrant from the Constable (Bayley, History of the Tower, 667).
page 40 note 4 Probably the meaning is that Plunket is to have an interview with his counsel to enable him to prepare his defence.
page 40 note 5 Mrs Morice, Bishop Atterbury's daughter. See note “Bishop Atterbury,” Appendix, p. 154, infra.
page 40 note 6 See entry, March 15, 1722–3.
page 40 note 7 Under Secretary of State and Secretary to the Lords Justices; compare entry of December 13, 1724.
page 40 note 8 April 15. Letter from Charles Delafaye to Colonel Williamson informing him that Lord Townshend desires that Mr Francis Desmares may have a sight of George Kelly (Tower Records, iii, 180).
page 41 note 1 John Pratt to be counsel for Kelly in the place of Nicholas Fazakerly (Tower Records, iii 180).
page 41 note 2 This and the next entry refer to George Kelly.
page 41 note 3 See note “Christopher Layer,” Appendix, p. 164, infra.
page 41 note 4 The order directs that the proceedings in Parliament against George Kelly and James Plunket being fully ended, they are to be kept “under the same confinement as George Kelly was kept before such proceedings were begun ” (Tower Records, iii, 183). The Acts of pains and penalties, passed in Plunket's case on April 29, and in Kelly's case on May 3, sentenced them to imprisonment during the King's pleasure. The Acts are given in full in Howell's State Trials, xvi, 468, 476.Google Scholar
page 42 note 1 See note “Sheriffs of London and Middlesex and Layer's execution,” Appendix, p. 176, infra.
page 42 note 2 See note “Duke of Norfolk,” Appendix, p. 177, infra.
page 42 note 3 This refers to Dennis Kelly as appears by the warrant (Tower Records, iii, 190).
page 42 note 4 In 1729 the number of guns to be fired on the King's birthday was fixed at 25 (see p. 63). Under the present regulations a Royal Salute at the Tower is 62 guns.
page 43 note 1 Sir Robert Eyre, Justice of the King's Bench, afterwards Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.
page 43 note 2 See note “Bishop Atterbury,” Appendix, pp. 157, 158, infra.
page 43 note 3 See note “Dr Freind,” Appendix, p. 174, infra.
page 43 note 4 This refers to George Kelly. The interview related to the settlement of Mr Watson's costs. (Tower Records, iii, 184.).
page 43 note 5 In the course of this year (1723) a warrant issued to the Master of the Great Wardrobe to provide a large folio Bible for the use of the Warders at the Tower (Cal. of Treasury Papers, 1720–1728, p. 238).
page 43 note 6 This and the next four entries refer to George Kelly. The order was that he might take the air on the Parade and this was made upon the report of Dr Harvey, . (Tower Records, iii, 184–186.Google Scholar)
page 44 note 1 Perhaps Sir William Browne (1692–1774), M.D. 1721, knighted in 1748. (Dict. Nat. Biog.).
page 44 note 2 See note “George Kelly,” Appendix, p. 169, infra.
page 44 note 3 Charles Paulet, third Duke of Bolton (1685–1754), Constable of the Tower until September 1726 (Dict. Nat. Biog.). He was Governor of the Isle of Wight from 1726 to 1733 and perhaps to this circumstance Williamson owed his appointment as Captain of Carisbrooke Castle. (See Introduction, p. 5).
page 44 note 4 On January 4, 1724–5, Williamson writes to the Constable or the Secretary of State with copies of treasonable ballads, that his lordship may see the wicked temper of the riotous miners in Wapping (State Papers, Domestic, George I. Bundle 55). One of the ballads runs thus:
“Potatoes is a dainty dish and Turnips is a springing,
And when that Jemmy does come o'er we'll set the bells aringing.
We'll take the Cuckold by the horns and lead him unto Dover,
And put him in a leather boat and send him to Hannover.”.
page 44 note 5 The correct date is probably April 1725. Katherine Court opens on to Tower Hill on the north-west. The drain in question would be within the Liberty of the Tower.
page 45 note 1 See note “Earl of Suffolk,” Appendix, p. 178, infra.
page 45 note 2 See note “Earl of Macclesfield,” Appendix, p. 178, infra.
page 45 note 3 This entry was made by Williamson, in a manuscript book of earlier records, relating to the Tower, which appears to have come to him from his predecessor in office. Being the only entry made by Williamson in the earlier book, it seems to have been intended for the Diary.
page 46 note 1 Henry, third Viscount Lonsdale (1694–1751), Constable of the Tower until August 1731. (Doyle, , Official Baronage, ii, 411)Google Scholar.
page 46 note 2 As to this office, see above p. 35, note (9).
page 46 note 3 See entry of June 17, 1727, p.49, where the Clerk of the Peace is called Bronker. He died November 4, 1734 (see entry of that date). As to the Tower Liberties, see p. 26, note (2) supra.
page 46 note 4 A celebrated tavern in Abchurch Lane which occupied part of the present site of Messrs Robarts, Lubbock & Co.'s bank (16 and 17 Lombard Street). Pontack's guinea ordinary is said to have included “a ragout of fatted snails” and “chickens not two hours from the shell.” (Dict. Nat. Biog. sub. nom. “Pontack.”)
page 47 note 1 “Superior Porter,” i.e. Gentleman Porter; see entry December 21, 1726. “Returning Officer,” i.e. of the Tower Liberty; see p. 26, note (2), supra.
page 47 note 2 On the west side of the Tower.
page 47 note 3 These numbers cannot now be identified.
page 47 note 4 John Strachan. See below, entries of March 10, April 1 (where he is incorrectly called Charles Strachan), June 3, June 4.
page 48 note 1 This includes the west, north and east boundaries of the Tower. “Iron Gate”; see p. 88, note (2) infra.
page 48 note 2 The warrant recites that Strachan has entered into a recognizance with sufficient sureties for his appearance before the Lords of Justiciary at Edinburgh. (Tower Records, iii, 200).
page 48 note 3 This entry is inserted at folio I of the volume under this date but evidently belongs to June 17, 1727. The 11th October was the date of the Coronation (see below).
page 49 note 1 Officers of the Tower Court; as to which court, see note. Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 49 note 2 Deputy Sheriff of the Liberty of the Tower; see entries January 13, 1731–2; March 26, 1741.
page 49 note 3 As to the Tower Court, see note, Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 50 note 1 He proved a better man than Williamson anticipated. (See entry March 4, 1729–30). The orders given to Harwood on his appointment are at p. 31, supra.
page 51 note 1 This form of oath seems to have been framed in Lord Lucas's time as it refers to the “Chief Governour ” of the Tower; see List of Chief Officers, p. 22, supra.
page 51 note 2 See p. 32, supra.
page 51 note 3 Plunket was remarkable for his ugliness; see note “John Plunket,” Appendix, p. 175, infra.
page 51 note 4 See note “Prisage of wine and provisions,” Appendix p. 178, infra.
page 52 note 1 There was not much business in the Tower Court at this period, as appears by the entry of May 29, 1728, and see note, Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 52 note 2 The Constable.
page 52 note 3 On the visit of the Dutch Ambassadors (see below). At this time the garrison consisted of nine companies of the Third Regiment of Foot Guards, Williamson's old regiment (see entry, September 28, 1727, and Introduction, p. 5)
page 53 note 1 On this subject, see further, entries May 23, 1728, and August 7, 1731, p. 72, infra. The difficulty was overcome on the visit of the Dutch Ambassadors by the Commandant of the Garrison being directed by his Field Officer to obey the written or verbal orders of the Constable himself. (See Lord Lonsdale's Memorial to the King, May 23, and the King's order, June 26, 1728, pp. 55, 59, infra).
page 53 note 2 At the east end of the Wharf. In earlier times these afforded the most direct means of access to the royal apartments which were in the south-eastern portion of the Tower.
page 54 note 1 The wharf was enclosed by gates at each end which were shut at night. The gate referred to was probably that at the western end.
page 54 note 2 “The great room of his owne house next the Thames ” no doubt refers to the “King's House,” in which Williamson lived, and on the second floor of which was a room called the Council Chamber, overlooking the Thames. The Sutling House was probably the Warders' Sutling House referred to in the entry of April 17, 1736. The Constable's procession probably crossed to the Wharf by the draw-bridge at the south-west corner of the Tower. The Warders lined the King's Stairs and the soldiers lined the route from the head of the stairs to the Wharf Gate. The double palisade from the head of the King's Stairs to the moat, shown on the plan, (see Frontispiece), had probably been removed before the year 1728.
page 54 note 3 “The draw-bridge “: see last note.
page 55 note 1 See p. 33, note (3) supra.
page 55 note 2 See Introduction, p. 8. The “great room up two pair of stairs” was known as the Council Chamber. Bayley refers to some rude paintings in this room in 1820 and adds in a note: “These are now covered over with wainscot.” (History of the Tower, 130).
page 55 note 3 See Williamson's letter of March 3, 1727–8, p. 52, supra.
page 58 note 1 See note, Appendix, p. 161.
page 59 note 1 See entry of May 23, 1728.
page 60 note 1 Obsolete form of “Wokingham.” The ordnance map of 1816 has “Wokingham or Oakingham.”
page 61 note 1 The bastion at the north-west angle of the outer wall, called Legge Mount in the accompanying plan (see Frontispiece), and said to be named after George Legge, first Earl of Dartmouth, who was Master General of the Ordnance from January 1681–2, Governor of the Tower from June 1685 to December 1688, and died a prisoner there in October 1691. (Dict. Nat. Biog.; Lord Ronald Gower, Tower of London, i, 52). The plan purports to be drawn by order of Lord Dartmouth as Master General of the Ordnance.
page 61 note 2 The water engine is referred to in the entry of July 19, 1746. It was in the tower at the Traitors' Gate and was used for pumping water into a tank at the top of the White Tower for the supply of the garrison. After the Restoration rolling mills for use in the Mint were set up, and these were driven by horse and water power, probably in connexion with the tank. (Historical Description of the Tower, 1754; Canon Benham, Tower of London, II).
page 61 note 3 The Traitors' Gate had ceased to be used for the entrance of State prisoners. A barge was prepared to carry Bishop Atterbury to the Tower, but by his request he was allowed to be conveyed in his own coach. (Portland MSS., vii, 332). In 1746 the rebel lords were conveyed by land. (An Historical Description of the Tower of London, 1754, p. 7).
page 62 note 1 The people of the Tower Liberty residing outside the Tower (see p. 26, note (2)).
page 63 note 1 See entries October 19, 1729; April 7, 1730; December the last, 1730; January 19, 1730–1.
page 63 note 2 See entry March 18, 1728–9.
page 63 note 3 A full statement of the case for the Tower Within is contained in a letter from H. Haynes to the Constable of the Tower, dated December 21, 1727, and in a Memorial prepared at the same time. The Memorial deals at length with the history of the Chapel of St. Peter-ad-Vincula, and the Liberty of the Tower. See note “The Tower Court and Liberty,” Appendix, p. 161.
page 64 note 1 This refers to the river-front of the Constable's or King's House, from which the Warder's room at the foot of the Byward Tower is visible.
page 65 note 1 A ground-plan of the Chapel of St. Peter-ad-Vincula prepared in 1876, and now in the possession of the Commissioners of Works, indicates the position of the stone as described by Williamson. Upon the repair of the Chancel in 1877 the stone was removed to its present position close to the Altar rails on the south side of the Chancel. It contains the following inscription.” “Here lies Catherine, the beloved wife of the Hon. Colonel Williamson, Deputy Lieutenant of the Tower, who lived esteemed and died lamented by all who knew her, March the 25th, 1729.” As to the illustrious dead buried in the Chancel, see A Tragedy in Stone, by Lord Redesdale. General Williamson was buried in the family grave of his second wife in Binfield Church, Berkshire (see Introduction, p. 9).
page 65 note 2 See entries, October 11, 1727; November 8, 1729.
page 66 note 1 “Shrubb's Acre “has not been identified further than that it appears to have formed part of Little Tower Hill. The Victualling Office was on the hill to the north–east of the Tower (see the account of the execution of Charles Radclyffe, Howell's State Trials, xviii, 439). Stow says that there was a space within the Liberties of the Tower called the Jewry because it was inhabited by Jews. In 22 Henry III a murder was committed there and no attachment was made by the Sheriffs because it belonged to the Constable of the Tower. (Stow's Survey, i, 374). In 1236 Hugh Giffard was appointed to the custody of the Tower with all the rights belonging to it, of the Jewry, and of the water of Thames (Cal. Patent Rolls, 1236, p. 140). The Jewry of the Tower Liberties is perpetuated in the name of Jewry Street which runs from Aldgate High Street to Crutched Friars.
page 66 note 2 See note “The Tower Court and Liberty,” Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 66 note 3 There was a Sutlers' House at the south-east corner of the fortification, opposite the Salt Tower (see plan of the Mint 1700–1 in the 21st Annual Report of the Deputy Master of the Mint, p. 28), as well as the Warders' Sutling House referred to in the entry of April 17, 1736.
page 66 note 4 In June 1730 the Lords of the Treasury submitted for report to the Constable Lord Lonsdale, a petition from Thomas Robinson, Chief Steward, and Abraham Fowler, Chief Bailiff, of “The Court of Record within the Liberty of the Tower of London, praying the erection of a Court-house and Prison for the Liberty and Precincts of the Tower at the expense of the Crown.” In the following October the grant of £50 a year referred to in the Diary was made, and £30 was allowed for the expense of ironwork, presumably for making the the prison secure. (Cal. Treasury Papers, 1729, 1730, pp. 391, 461.). And see entry, “December ye last,”; p. 68, infra.
page 67 note 1 “Arrear.” See entry March 18, 1728–9.
page 67 note 2 See p. 33, note (3) supra.
page 68 note 1 See entry October 19, 1729.
page 68 note 2 See p. 66, note (4) supra.
page 69 note 1 See p. 26, note (2) supra, and note “The Tower Court and Liberty,” Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 69 note 2 See the Coroners' Act, 1752 (25 George II., c. 29), cf. p. 86, note (2) infra.
page 69 note 3 George Kelly; see note “George Kelly,” Appendix, p. 166, infra.
page 69 note 4 See above, p. 62, note (1).
page 69 note 5 The Revd Mr Creake was Chaplain to the late Duchess of Ormond (see note George Kelly,” Appendix, p. 168, infra).
page 70 note 1 To beat the bounds of the Tower Liberty. This custom is mentioned in a charter of 4 Richard II (Lansdowne MS. No. 155, fol. 54): “Item the said Constable if he be present shall upon every Ascension daie goe on procession worshipfully about the Tower and St. Katherine's, having with him his Lieutenant and all the freemen and inhabitants within the franchise of the Tower in their best araye.” Bayley, History of the Tower, Part II. Appendix xcvi.). The Diary shows that the custom was observed in Williamson's time (see entries May 18, 1732; May 3, 1733), and it is still kept up, though the procession now takes place once in three years only. By letters patent of June 10, 3 James II (Patent Roll, 3 James II, 6th part), the places specified in the schedule to the grant are to be taken to be the Liberty of the Tower and to be free from the Government of the Mayor, Aldermen and Justices of the Peace and Coroner of the City of London, and from the government of the Justices of the Peace and Coroners of the County of Middlesex. (ibid. cxii). As to the Sessions of the Peace for the Tower Liberty, see note “The Tower Court and Liberty,” Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 71 note 1 John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester.
page 71 note 2 Francis, Duke of Lorraine, married in 1736 Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria, daughter of the Emperor Charles VI. Francis was elected Emperor in 1745.
page 72 note 1 George Kelly. See note as to him, Appendix, p. 166, infra.
page 72 note 2 To rip; “, to take the tiles off a building or roof and put on fresh laths; to repair or re–lay a roof in this manner ” (New Eng. Dict.).
page 72 note 3 This date appears to be correct, although out of regular order.
page 72 note 4 See entry of this date, supra.
page 73 note 1 See above, entry October 13, 1731.
page 73 note 2 At the Byward Tower. The Mint extended northwards from this point.
page 73 note 3 The Constable.
page 73 note 4 John Campbell, second Duke of Argyll (1678–1743), Master General of the Ordnance from 1725 to 1740. (Dict. Nat. Biog.; Haydn's Book of Dignities).
page 73 note 5 The Great Gun Armoury and the Small Armoury, in the building to the north of the White Tower, were completed in the reign of William and Mary and destroyed by fire in 1841. The site is now occupied by the Waterloo Barracks. (Britton and Brayley, Memoirs of the Tower of London, 266; Gower, Lord Ronald, The Tower of London, ii, 142)Google Scholar. The Horse Armoury stood nearly opposite the south-eastern angle of the White Tower. (Bayley, History of the Tower, 265).
page 73 note 6 See note “The Tower Menagerie,” Appendix, p. 181, infra.
page 74 note 1 See p. 71, note (2) supra.
page 74 note 2 The Warders on duty for the day; O. F. waite, a guard, sentinel, &c. (Skeat, Etymological Dict., sub ‘wait’). Compare entry March 23, 1740–1, near the end.
page 74 note 3 Lieut.-General Compton; see the entry January 12, 1740–1.
page 74 note 4 The Fubb's yacht. “The King [Charles II] had given orders for the building of a yacht which as soon as it was finished he named “The Fubbs ” in honour the Duchess of Portsmouth, who, we may suppose, was in her person rather full and plump. The sculptors and painters apply this epithet to children, and say, for instance, of the boys of Fiammengo that they are fubby.” (Hawkins, History of Music, ed. 1776, iv, 359). “Fubbs ”; a small chubby person; chiefly used as a term of endearment (New Eng. Dict.). There was a Fubbs yacht in commission almost continuously from 1686 to 1774 (Commissions at P. R. O.). The Gentleman's Magazine for 1733 announces (p. 605) the arrival, on November 7, of the Prince of Orange “on board the Fubbs Yacht ” and that he has given Sir Charles Hardy “Captain of the Fubbs,” a diamond ring. A riverside inn just above “The Ship ” at Greenwich preserves the name of “The Fubbs Yacht ” to the present day.
page 75 note 1 Query, fellmonger.
page 75 note 2 Waived.
page 75 note 3 See note “The Tower Court and Liberty,” Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 76 note 1 See entry “December the last,” 1730.
page 76 note 2 See p. 27, supra.
page 76 note 3 Lambeth Marsh, extending from Westminster Bridge to Blackfriars, remained until the early part of the nineteenth century open fields, divided by broad ditches bordered by willows and crossed by planks or narrow bridges. The drier parts were cultivated as vegetable or flower gardens (Wheatley, , London Past and Present, ii. 359)Google Scholar. In Lyson's, Environs of London (1792), i, 258Google Scholar, it is said that about 250 acres in the parish of Lambeth are occupied by market gardeners and that Malcolm's nursery grounds occupy nearly 40 acres. In Allen's History of Lambeth (1827), 380, are mentioned Mr. Phillips' orchard for the rearing of fruit trees and the nursery grounds of Messrs Chandler and Buckingham, both on the road leading to Wandsworth.
page 76 note 4 The coffee house is mentioned in the account of George Kelly; see Appendix, p. 168, infra.
page 76 note 5 The Constable.
page 76 note 6 George Kelly and John Plunket; see notes in Appendix, pp. 166 and 174, infra.
page 76 note 7 Now Leicester Square.
page 77 note 1 Ascension Day; see p. 70, note (1) supra.
page 78 note 1 Whitechapel prison for debtors, being the prison of the Court Baron for the Liberties of the Manors of Stepney and Hackney. (Neild, Account of Prisons (1808), p. 518).
page 79 note 1 Cf. entry Nov. 24. 1732.
page 79 note 2 See entry April 4, 1733.
page 79 note 3 This refers to the page of the manuscript. See entry October 24, 1730.
page 80 note 1 ‘Yeomen of the Guard Extraordinary’ was the title conferred on the Warders in the reign of Edward VI (Bayley, History of the Tower, 668). The popular title of ‘Beefeater’ (not derived from a supposed French word ‘buffetier’, but designating an eater of beef, (New Eng. Dict.)), does not occur in the Diary.
page 80 note 2 Sir Philip Yorke, afterwards Lord Hardwicke.
page 81 note 1 See note “Cure of hydrophobia,” Appendix, p. 182, infra.
page 81 note 2 Williamson's first wife, Catharine, died March 25, 1729 (see entry, December 1729). By his second wife, Elizabeth, he had two daughters, Elizabeth Caroline, baptized in the Chapel of St. Peter-ad-Vincula in the Tower May 7, 1731, and Mary, baptized at the same place November 1, 1732, and buried there, according to the Register, November 25, 1732. It looks as if for some reason the remains were not finally interred above the first Mrs Williamson's coffin until Feb. 23, 1732–3.
page 81 note 3 Compare entry, December 4, 1732.
page 81 note 4 As to Legge's Mount, see p. 61, note (1) supra. Brass Mount is the bastion at the north-eastern angle of the outer wall. The sentry's beat was on the outer wall between these points.
page 81 note 5 See entry March 28, 1731. The Yeoman Porter and the Warders held their places by warrant of the Constable. (Bayley, History of the Tower, 668).
page 82 note 1 There is a letter from Charles Carkesse, Secretary to the Commissioaers of Customs, to Williamson, dated April 5, 1733, referring him to the 32nd section of the Act, 14 Charles II, c. 11, directing all His Majesty's subjects to assist the officers of the Customs in the execution of their duty (Tower Records, V. 109).
page 82 note 2 Ascension Day; see p. 70, note (1), supra.
page 82 note 3 See entry, October 24, 1730.
page 82 note 4 William, Prince of Orange, married Anne, Princess Royal of England, March 14, 1733–4.
page 83 note 1 See entry, November 30, 1731.
page 83 note 2 The Wharf gates at the east and west ends of the Wharf; the draw–bridge connecting the Wharf with the Byward Tower.
page 83 note 3 Probably the Bulwark Gate at the south-west corner of the Tower and the gates at Martin's and Byward Towers.
page 83 note 4 Gate-liberty.
page 84 note 1 In 1736 Joslin Sidney petitioned the Treasury as to the ruinous condition of the small house by the gate entering the Tower which was his by virtue of his place. The Constable, Lord Leicester, reported upon this petition and upon the need of repair to his own house which was in several parts joined to the Gentleman Porter's Lodge. The matter was referred to the Board of Works, who reported March 29, 1737. that “part of the Constable's Lodgings and particularly the Gentleman Porter's apartment and gateway adjoining is in so ruinous a condition that it is not advisable to repair it. There is also adjoining to it part of a Tower called the Bell Tower very much out of repair.… If it be your Lordships' pleasure to re-build the Gentleman Porter's house and take away the several ragged timber buildings that obstruct the gateway and do the other work above mentioned the charge thereof will amount to £200.” The work was authorized by the Treasury on June 1, but on July 7 the Board of Works reported that their estimate should have been not £200, but £2,000 (Cal. Treasury Papers, 1735–1738, p. 325). As to the office of Gentleman Porter, see p. 35, note (9) supra.
page 84 note 2 The Deputy Lieutenants of the Tower Hamlets (see p. 106, note (3)).
page 84 note 3 See note “The Tower Court and Liberty,” Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 85 note 1 “The great White Flag Tower ”: the well-known “White Tower,” the keep of the fortress. The well was cleared out in 1881 and is now to be seen in the vault under the White Tower which was formerly used for storing salt–petre. (See Britton and Brayley, Memoirs of the Tower, 245).
page 85 note 2 The Tower communicating with the Constable's House where Williamson lived.
page 85 note 3 Perhaps the coffee-house referred to in the entry of January 14, 1731–2.
page 85 note 4 See entry, December 22, 1726.
page 86 note 1 Of the Tower Liberty. See note “The Tower Court and Liberty,” Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 86 note 2 Read “with murder ”. At this time a coroner was bound to do his office without fee except in a case of murder, when his fee was 13s. 4d. Under the statute 1 Henry 8, c. 7. he was liable to a penalty for claiming a fee in the case of a person slain, drowned or otherwise dead by misadventure. Cf. entry, 2 Jan., 1730–1.
page 86 note 3 See entry, December 9, 1739.
page 86 note 4 “The English have Punch-houses where the European soldiers make oblatioas to Bacchus.” (Hamilton, A., New Account of the East Indies, I, xxiv, 298 (1727)Google Scholar, cited in New Eng. Dict. under “Punch-house “). And see Appendix, p. 184, infra.
page 87 note 1 Defoe published an account of the great storm of 1703.
page 87 note 2 ‘The whole of the irons ’ or, perhaps, the ‘hold irons ’ or supports.
page 87 note 3 The Chapel of St Peter-at-Vincula at the north end of the parade.
page 87 note 4 The following is a copy of the inscription on the monument in Spalding Church: “Beneath lyes the Body of Capt Francis Pilliod a native of the Canton of Bern to which he was an Honour. His polite learning and clear judgement His love to his excellent wife His affection and constancy to his Friend His attachment to the protestant Interest in the illustrious House of Hanover with his other amiable Qualities made Him dear to all who knew him but in particular to Colonel Adam Williamson of Sounherst in Berks, who erected this Monument to the memory of so good a Man. He died Febry the 6th 1734.”
Does ' ‘Sounherst’ stand for Sandhurst, where Williamson had property ? (see Introduction p. 9). Williamson had been Aide de Camp to Lord Cadogan to whom Capt Pilliod was secretary.
page 88 note 1 John Plunket; see note Appendix, p. 174, infra.
page 88 note 2 The Iron Gate is not shown on the accompanying plan of 1681–9 see Frontispiece). In a plan of 1597 (reproduced in Bayley's History of the Tower, p. 1), the Iron Gate is shown at the eastern edge of the Moat connected with the southeastern angle of the fortification by a bridge or dam, which had obviously been removed before the plan of 1681–9 was made. It seems as if in Williamson's time the name had been transferred to the gate at the east end of the Wharf (see p. 133, note(5)). The position of the Wharf Gate had been changed between the making of the two plans. In the earlier plan that Gate appears in a line with the eastern edge of the Moat; in the plan of 1681–9 it is further to the west.
page 89 note 1 John Plunket; see note, Appendix, p. 174, infra.
page 90 note 1 St. George's Hospital, formerly Lanesborough House, opened in 1734. The present building was erected 1828–9 (Wheatley, London Past and Present).
page 90 note 2 Edward Harley, second Earl of Oxford (1689–1741).
page 90 note 3 The Constable of the Tower is not now an ex-officio Governor of St. George's Hospital.
page 90 note 1 “Parallel to the Wharf, within the walls, is a platform 70 yards in length called the Ladies' Line because much frequented by the ladies in the summer, as within it is shaded with a lofty row of trees and without it has a delightful prospect of the shipping.… You ascend this Line by stone steps and, being once upon it, you may walk almost round the walls of the Tower without interruption ” (An historical description of the Tower of London (1754), 6). The Resident Governor of the Tower had control of the guns on the Line, those on the Wharf being under the ordnance officer (see entry, May 24, 1738). The Infirmary was over the Traitor's Gate (see entry, January 9, 1734–5). On February 16, 1735–6, the water was higher in the Thames than ever known before. It was two feet deep in Westminster Hall and, the Courts being then sitting, the Judges had to be carried out (Gent. Mag. vi, 110).
page 91 note 1 John Plunket (see Appendix, p. 174, infra). The entry following that of October 25, 1736, should precede or follow this one, with which it seems to be connected. See also entries Aug. 17 and 21, 1738.
page 91 note 2 John Bamber, M.D., made a fortune as a surgeon in the City of London, and afterwards practised as a physician, having been admitted to the College of Physicians in 1724. He died in 1753. (Munk, , Roll of Physicians, ii, 107)Google Scholar.
page 91 note 3 See p. 99, note (1), infra.
page 91 note 4 The draw-bridge from the Byward Tower to the Wharf.
page 92 note 1 April 26 was the date of the marriage.
page 92 note 2 Compare entry of May 21, supra.
page 92 note 3 “Rag-fair in Rosemary Lane [now Royal Mint Street], where old cloaths are sold every day by multitudes of people standing in the streets.” (Noorthouck, London, 760).
page 92 note 4 See note “Riots,” Appendix, p. 183, infra.
page 93 note 1 Ibid.
page 93 note 2 According to an entry in the State Papers “the Revd. William Hawkins, Vicar of the Tower,” died June 12, 1736 (Cal of Treasury Papers, 1735–1738, p. 444).
page 93 note 3 Edward Harby, “Vicar of the Tower of London,” received pay from the Treasury at the rate of £26 13s. 4d. a year (Cal. of Treasury Papers 1742–1745, pp. 415, 436). In 1672 the salary was £20 per annum.
page 93 note 4 See entry July 28, 1736.
page 94 note 1 George Kelly. See Appendix, p. 166, infra.
page 94 note 2 Rug, a coarse, nappy, woollen cloth. (Johnson's Dict.).
page 95 note 1 See note “George Kelly,” Appendix, p. 172, infra.
page 95 note 2 In the entry of January 26, 1730–1 Williamson says or implies that Kelly was a non-juror.
page 96 note 3 This entry is out of its proper order. Probably the Diary was transcribed from loose memoranda. Compare entry of April 19, 1736.
page 96 note 2 The appointment of Surgeon was by the King's commission at the recommendation of the Constable. (Bayley, History of the Tower, 667). As to ‘surgeon mate’, see New Eng. Dict. Sub ‘Mate.’
page 96 note 3 As a Justice of the Peace of the Tower Liberty; see p. 26 supra. Compare entry July 28, 1736.
page 96 note 4 Cf. p. 119, note (1).
page 97 note 1 The ‘Princes Chamber ’ or, ‘Old Robing Room ’, which was pulled down in 1823, adjoined the south side of the old House of Lords (Brayley and Britton, History of the Ancient Palace of Westminster, 421).
page 97 note 2 See an account of the funeral in the Gentleman's Magazine, vii, 764.
page 98 note 1 “To beat the assembly.”
page 98 note 2 See note “The Gravesend Tilt–boat,” Appendix, p. 184, infra.
page 98 note 3 Afterwards George III. He was born June 4 (N.S.).
page 98 note 4 The eldest child of the Prince of Wales, born July 31, 1737.
page 99 note 1 William Cheselden (1688–1752), Surgeon. His method of operation for the stone became famous throughout Europe. His ordinary fee for the operation was £500 (Dict. Nat. Biog.).
page 99 note 2 Plunket died in James Street near Red Lion Street, and was buried in the churchyard of St. Pancras (Dict. Nat. Biog.).
page 99 note 3 The receipt is as follows: “Tower of London, August 28, 1738. I acknowledge to have received from Col. Williamson and the officers of the Tower all the effects money books etc. which my uncle John Plunket dyed possessed of; and they being of small value the said officers gave them to me and waved their right to them for which I humbly thank them and acknowledge myself very much obliged. Thos. Plunket.” (Tower Records iii. 196.)
page 99 note 4 As to Kelly's escape, see entry Oct. 25, 1736 supra and note “George Kelly,” Appendix, p. 171, infra. Welsted belonged to the Ordnance Office (Memoirs of the Life of the Rev. George Kelly, 1736, p. 23).
page 99 note 5 Sir Gervase Elwes or Helwys (1561–1615), Lieutenant of the Tower, hanged for complicity in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury (Dict. Nat. Biog. Sub “Helwys ”). The passage referred to is no doubt the following statement by Chief Justice Coke to Helwys at his trial: “Two days before Sir Thomas Overbury died you wished his man to bring his best suit of hangings to hang his chamber, which you knew were your fees.” (Howell's Stale Trials, ii, 941).
page 100 note 1 Binfield in Berkshire, 3½ miles from Wokingham, where Williamson had previously had a house. In his will he refers to his house at Orange Hill, Binfield. The house was subsequently occupied by his daughter and her husband, Mr and Mrs Fox.
page 100 note 2 The fire was to the west of the Tower and to the east of the Custom House, and seems to have extended from the river front back to Thames Street.
page 100 note 3 Edward Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, died 1767.
page 101 note 1 This entry should have been inserted under the following year. See entry May 12, 1740.
page 101 note 2 Cf. entry, March 30, 1744. The warrant for the proclamation (London Gazette, Oct. 20–23, 1739) directs it to be made in the usual places. It was made at the Palace Gate, St. James's, at Charing Cross, at the end of Chancery Lane, at the end of Wood Street “where the Cross formerly stood,” and at the Royal Exchange (Ib.).
page 101 note 3 It appears from a certificate of “Justice Harwood ” amongst the Tower Records that the Riot Act was read by him on November 5, 1739, “in order to disperse a mob which has arose [sic] in Spittle Square and are now assembled there opposite to Mr. James Godm's house, upon what occasion I know not saving that it is said some malicious reports have been given out to the journeymen weavers in prejudice of Mr. James Godin; and unless some soldiers are sent to disperse the mob, the said Mr. Godin his family and house, as well as the other inhabitants, will be exposed to emminent (sic) danger.” On November 6 the Secretary of War writes to Brigadier Williamson: “I have received yours with the enclosed which I have read. I hope there is no farther danger, but as the gentlemen desire it, you have done quite right to let them have a guard for tonight.” (Tower Records, v, 109, 110). Sir Walter Besant's account of this riot and the cause of it (London in the Eighteenth Century, 479), corresponds with the statement in the Diary. He adds: “The guards came, the Riot Act was read, the crowd did not disperse; therefore the soldiers charged them and arrested a great many who were brought before the magistrates. It is not stated that any were killed in this affair, but the soldiers suffered from the tiles and bricks that were hurled upon them from the roofs of the houses.” From the Gentleman's Magazine for 1739 (p. 602), we learn that ten of the rioters were committed to Newgate.
page 102 note 1 “A battalion of guards and a troop of horse marched to Woolwich to quiet the workmen in that yard who mutinied about their pay and refused to work ” (Gent. Mag., 1739, 602). “Chips,” i.e. the surplus wood after the carpenter had cut out what he required, were a perquisite of the officials and workmen. In 1803, when the Government had taken over the chips, those from Plymouth Dockyard sold for £3204 (House of Commons Reports XIII, 499; Blackwood's Magazine, vol. 188, p. 45).
page 102 note 2 I.e., to provide board and lodging for two of the witnesses for the prosecution.
page 103 note 1 See Introduction, p. 6.
page 103 note 2 Francis North (1704–1790); succeeded to the barony of Guildford in 1729, and to the barony of North de Kirtling in 1734. He was called Lord North from the latter date until created Earl of Guildford in 1752. He was Lord of the Bedchamber to Frederick, Prince of Wales, from 1730 to 1751. (G.E.C. Complete Peerage).
page 103 note 3 Mary (1723–1772), daughter of George II, sister to the Duke of Cumberland; married to Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Hesse Cassel in June, 1740. (Dict. Nat. Biog.).; and see entry June 5, infra.
page 103 note 4 Charles Cornwallis, First Earl Cornwallis (1701–1762). Created Earl 1753– (Doyle, Official Baronage). Sworn in as Constable in July. (See entry following that of July 2, 1739).
page 103 note 5 The first Westminster Bridge was not opened till 1750 (see p. 125, note (2) infra).
page 104 note 1 Compare Introduction, p. 10.
page 104 note 2 Elizabeth Caroline, died unmarried Sept. 4, 1759, and buried in Westminster Abbey (Gent. Mag. 1759, 438, 442).
page 104 note 3 See note “General Hatton Compton,” Appendix, p. 185, infra.
page 104 note 4 See note “Sir Daniel Lambert,” Appendix, p. 186, infra.
page 105 note 1 The Bulwark or Lion Gate.
page 105 note 2 This book, entitled “Articles, Ordinances, Privileges, &c, from the year 1603,” is still in the Tower.
page 105 note 3 The City Charter of 26 Edward I (May 28, 1298) as given in Birch's collection (Historical Charters and Constitutional Documents of the City of London, 1884, p. 43), runs as follows: “We, willing to show more ample favour to the said citizens in that behalf, do grant to them for us and our heirs, the Mayor of the said city, when he shall be chosen by the said citizens (we and our heirs and our barons not being at Westminster or London), they [sic] may or shall be presented or admitted to and by the Constable of our Tower of London yearly, in such sort as before they were wont to be presented and admitted; so as nevertheless that at the next coming of us or our heirs to Westminster or London, the said Mayor be presented to us or our heirs and admitted for Mayor.” It might be supposed from the statement of Serjeant Pulling (Practical Treatise on the laws, customs, and regulations of the City and port of London, 2nd ed., p. 17), that the seventh charter of Henry III (June 12, 1253) provided for the presentation of the Mayor to the Constable of the Tower in the absence of the King and the Barons of the Exchequer, but, in fact, the Constable is mentioned for the first time in the charter of 26 Edward I.
page 105 note 4 The following is a copy of the writ: “George the Second by the Grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith &c To our right trusty and well-beloved Counsellor Charles Lord Cornwallis Constable of our Tower of London or his Deputy Greeting. Whereas by Charters of our Royal Progenitors formerly Kings of England it was granted to the Citizens of our City of London that the Mayor of the same City when he shd be elected by the same citizens (We or our Heirs or our Barons of the Exchequer not being at Westminster or London) should be annually presented to the Constable of our Tower or his Lieutenant or Deputy without the Gate of the sd Tower and shd be there admitted in such form as at the sd Exchequer he was formerly used to be presented and admitted as in the charters aforesaid more plainly appears And because our well beloved citizens of our said City of London have lately chosen Daniel Lambert Esquire Alderman of our said City of London into the office of Mayor of the said City according to the form and effect of the sd Charters and the Liberties of the same City Therefore we command you that you do admitt the sd Danl Lambert (who by our said Citizens hath been elected to be Mayor of our said City and shall be presented to you) into the office of Mayor of our sd City of London in such form as the Mayor of the sd City being elected and presented at our Exchequer in former times hath been accustomed to be admitted at our sd Exchequer. Witness ourself at our Palace of St. James's the 24th day of March in the fourteenth year of our Reign” (Tower Records v, 148). Note, that the King was at St. James's but the Charters only provide for the event of his absence.
page 106 note 1 The following letter was addressed to the Board of Works by the Constable of the Tower: “Gentlemen, His Majesty's Service requires a Scaffold to be built without the Tower Gate in the nature of a Court to receive the Lord Mayor Elect who is to be Sworn in by me or the Lieutenant according to their Charter. I desire you will give directions for erecting forthwith such a Scaffold as you shall think proper for that purpose. I am Gentlemen, Yours &c, Cornwallis. Dover Street, 24th March, 1740–1. N.B. Orders were given accordingly ” (Tower Records).
page 106 note 2 These are wanting.
page 106 note 3 The Constable of the Tower had the command of the Militia of the Tower Hamlets by the title of Lord Lieutenant. The Tower Hamlets, twenty-one in number, including the Tower Within and the Tower Without (see above, p. 26, note (2)), were exempted from the jurisdiction of the county of Middlesex by Act 14 Charles II, c. 3. There were numerous Deputy Lieutenants of the Tower Hamlets. As to the Tower Hamlets, see S. and B. Webb, English Local Government—The Manor and the Borough p. 98 note.
page 107 note 1 Johnson's definition of a myrmidon is: “Any rude ruffian; so named from the soldiers of Achilles.” But Williamson hardly uses the expression in this sense, for he describes the Artillery Company as “well disciplined and uniformly accoutred.”
page 107 note 2 This is wanting.
page 107 note 3 See above, p. 74, note (2).
page 108 note 1 Baize: “A coarse woollen stuff, having a long nap, now used chiefly for linings, coverings, curtains, etc., in warmer countries for articles of clothing, e.g. shirts, petticoats, ponchos; it was formerly, when made of finer and lighter texture, used as a clothing material in Britain also ” (New Eng. Dict.).
page 108 note 2 It would seem that this was the bar running east and west from Great Tower Street to the Moat, shown on the Frontispiece. If so, the temporary court must have been to the south of this, and near the entrance to the Tower. This agrees with the words of the City charter quoted above: “The Mayor shall be sworne in at the outward gate of the Tower.” (See entry March 23).
page 108 note 3 See entry “December the last,” 1730.
page 109 note 1 “In due form “; see New Eng. Dict. under “Form,” 11, b.
page 109 note 2 “In a breast,” obsolete form of “abreast “; see New Eng. Dict.
page 109 note 3 Steward of the Tower Court, see Appendix, p. 161, infra.
page 110 note 1 The Major of the Tower.
page 110 note 2 Amongst the extraordinary duties of the Constable or Lieutenant of the Tower in early times was the execution of writs against the Mayor, Sheriffs and Aldermen of London who were accused of defaults in good governance, because the Sheriffs were parties to the business (Statute 28 Edward III, c. 10).
page 110 note 3 I.e. That coaches coming eastward along Tower Street were to be turned northward up Seething Lane.
page 110 note 4 This bar is not shown on the accompanying plan (see Frontispiece), which makes Thames Street debouch without a barrier on the ground enclosed by the bar at Great Tower Street (see p. 108, note (2)). A barrier would be necessary to block this approach to the Tower on occasions.
page 111 note 1 Sir Charles Wills (1666–1741); served in Flanders and against the Scotch rebels of 1715; was appointed Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance April, 1718, and Colonel of the Grenadier Guards August, 1726 (Dict. Nat. Biog.xs).
page 112 note 1 John Armstrong (1674–1742), Major-General and Quartermaster-General, Surveyor-General of the Ordnance and Chief Engineer of England, F.R.S. Served in the Duke of Marlborough's campaigns (Dict. Nat. Biog.); and see next note.
page 112 note 2 Thomas Lascelles (1670–1751), Colonel; served throughout Marlborough's campaigns; appointed with Colonel John Armstrong (see last note) under the Treaty of Utrecht to superintend the demolition of the fortifications of Dunkirk; acted as Surveyor-General of the Ordnance in 1727 during the absence of Colonel Armstrong; on April 30, 1742, appointed Master-Surveyor of the Ordnance and Chief Engineer of England in the place of General Armstrong; served through twenty-one campaigns and present in thirty-six engagements (Dict. Nat. Biog.). He is referred to in the entry of October 27, 1745
page 112 note 3 See entry November 8, 1729, p. 64 supra. “Mobility ”; in cant language, the populace. (Johnson's Dict.).
page 112 note 4 According to the New English Dictionary this word was “obsolete from circa 1700 till revived by Scott and nineteenth century antiquaries.” Williamson uses it more than once; see pp. 71, 124.
page 113 note 1 See the next entry and that of February 7, 1743–4. Hasted, History of Kent (1778) i, 450, incorrectly gives the date of Williamson's appointment to the post of “Governor of the Fort of Gravesend and that of West Tilbury ” as 1737, and his death as occurring the same year. In an Act of 1773 (13 George III, c. 15) for paving, cleansing and lighting the streets of Gravesend, “the Governor for the time being of His Majesty's town and forts of Gravesend and Tilbury ” is named as a commissioner for carrying the Act into effect. As to the forts see R. Pocock, History of Gravesend and Milton, 162–170. Hasted says that the Governor's salary was £300 per annum. The Governor of Tilbury Fort claimed the ferry rights from Tilbury to Gravesend (Pocock, 170); and see p. 11, supra.
page 113 note 2 See note “Captain of Carisbrooke Castle,” Appendix, p. 186, infra.
page 113 note 3 The embarkation was no doubt from the Tower.
page 113 note 4 Lord Harry Paulet, or Powlett, second son of Charles, second Duke of Bolton, to which title he himself succeeded on the death of his brother Charles, the third Duke, in 1754. (Dict. Nat. Biog. Sub “Paulet, Charles, third Duke of Bolton.”) Lord Henry Paulet is also referred to in the entries of October 16 and 22, 1745.
page 113 note 5 It would seem that Hall had succeeded to Johnson's post and resigned it to his (Hall's) son.
page 113 note 6 See note “The Highland deserters,” Appendix, p. 187, infra.
page 114 note 1 The portion of the south wall which now contains the easternmost window was formerly blank.
page 115 note 1 “Multitudes “—Dettingen was fought June 27, 1743.
page 115 note 2 February 25, 1743–4. A great storm destroyed twelve French transports at Dunkirk, and compelled 15,000 troops to disembark. (Horace Walpole's Letters, ed. 1903, ii, 11). See entry, March 21, infra.
page 115 note 3 See note “Colonel William Cecil,” Appendix, p. 191, infra.
page 115 note 4 By Act 17 George II, c. 6, the Habeas Corpus Act was suspended from February 29, 1743–4, until the following April 29.
page 116 note 1 It may be gathered from this that the spring tide was not usually held back. The moat was converted into a dry ditch in 1843, when the Duke of Wellington was Constable.
page 116 note 2 Abundance ?
page 116 note 3 This refers to the disastrous expedition to the West ladies under Admiral Vernon, with Brigadier-General Wentworth in command of the land forces, which was recalled in the autumn of 1743 (see Dict. Nat. Biog. Sub “Vernon, Edward.”)
page 117 note 1 “High change,” the time of greatest activity on 'Change. (New Eng. Dict., “High,” 21). Cf. entry, Oct. 23, 1739. Dettingen had been fought in June, 1743.
page 118 note 1 On July 4 Lord Anson's treasure, valued at half a million, and contained in 32 waggons, passed through the City on its way to the Tower. (Gent. Mag., 1744, 336, 392; Dict. Nat. Biog., sub “Anson, George.”)
page 118 note 2 No doubt the house at Binfield, referred to in the entry of October 17, 1738. In his will dated June, 1747 (P.C.C., Potter 299), Williamson refers to “my house on Orange Hill, in Binfield.”
page 118 note 3 But see entry May 4, 1731.
page 118 note 4 As to the visit of the Dutch ambassadors, see entry March 4, 1727–8.
page 118 note 5 The Constable and the Lieutenant.
page 118 note 6 Compare p. 78, note (1).
page 118 note 7 Of the Tower Hamlets (see above p. 106, note (3).
page 119 note 1 The Young Pretender landed in Scotland July 25, 1745; the battle of Preston Pans was fought September 21; the march from Edinburgh to Carlisle began October 31. By Act 19 George II, c. 1, the Habeas Corpus Act was suspended from October 18, 1745, until April 19 following. The Act 19 George II, c. 17, recites that “the said rebellion is still carrying on “and extends the suspension until November 20, 1746. The period was extended to February 20, 1746–7 by Act 20 George II, c. 1.
page 119 note 2 Afterwards Duke of Cumberland.
page 119 note 3 The 28th Foot, “the Old Braggs,” so named after their Colonel, Lieut.- General Philip Bragg (died 1759) who had served in Marlborough's campaigns (Dict. Nat. Biog.).
page 119 note 4 See note “Sir Hector Maclean,” Appendix, p. 191, infra.
page 119 note 5 See note “Charles Radclyfie and James Radclyffe,” Appendix, p. 192, infra.
page 119 note 6 See note “Clement McDermot,” Appendix, p. 198, infra.
page 119 note 7 See note “Young Glengarry (Pickle the Spy),” Appendix, p. 198, infra.
page 120 note 1 See note “Archibald Stewart,” Appendix, p. 200, infra.
page 120 note 2 These prisoners were taken with the two Radclyffes on board the “Esperance.” The names of the officers appear, with some variation of spelling, in a list in the London Gazette, November 30, 1745: “Murdock Gennis, Capt.; Thomas Renally, Lieut.; John Riley, Lieut.; Robert Grace, Captain reformed; Edmund Riley, Lieut.; Mersaial Devant, Lieut.; Edward Dunn, Lieut.; James Seaton, Capt.” According to the Tower Records (iv, 9) the second named prisoner was “Kennally,” and the sixth “Martial Devande.” Kennally, Edmund Riley and Devande were discharged April 10, 1746, and the rest June 17, 1747.
page 120 note 3 Re-named the “Esperance.”
page 120 note 4 See note “The Marshalsea Prison,” Appendix, p. 201, infra.
page 120 note 5 See note “Private soldiers imprisoned in the Tower.” Appendix, p. 201, infra.
page 121 note 1 Col. “Radclif ” is Charles Radclyffe (see Appendix, p. 192, infra).
page 121 note 2 See note “Earl of Cromarty,” Appendix, p. 204, infra. Culloden was fought April 16, and announced in the London Gazette of April 23.
page 121 note 3 See note “Earl of Kilmarnock,” Appendix, p. 210, infra.
page 121 note 4 See note “Lord Balmerino,” Appendix, p. 214. infra.
page 121 note 5 In the entry July 28, 1746 (p. 124, infra), Williamson refers to the place of imprisonment of Lords Kilmarnock and Balmerino as the “Monmouth Tower.” See note “The Monmouth Tower,” Appendix, p. 219, infra.
page 121 note 6 See note “Marquis of Tullibardine,” Appendix, p. 221, infra.
page 121 note 7 See note “Lord McLeod,” Appendix, p. 222, infra.
page 121 note 8 See note “William Murray of Taymount,” Appendix, p. 224, infra.
page 121 note 9 By warrant of July 4, 1746, Lord Ellibank and Sir John Gordon, Bart., are to have access to Lord Cromarty, George Ross to Lord Kilmarnock, and John Maule to Lord Balmerino “between 10 and 6 on Saturday 5th or Sunday 6th inst, the three lords to have the use of pen ink and paper for writing petitions but not for writing letters except under the restrictions then existing.” (Tower Recordsiv, 19). See entry of July 7.
page 122 note 1 Sir Edward Wilmot (1693–1786), Bart., appointed physician to George II in 1737. (Dict. Nat. Biog.). The Marquis was committed on June 20; see entry of that date.
page 122 note 2 Perhaps a relation of Sir John Gordon, Bart., referred to in note (9), supra.
page 122 note 3 The “King's House” at the west end of the Line, where Williamson lived.
page 122 note 4 See note “Doctor Harvey,” Appendix, p. 160, infra.
page 122 note 6 John Ranby (1703–1773), appointed Principal Sergeant-Surgeon to the King in 1743 (Dict. Nat. Biog.).
page 123 note 1 See note “Marquis of Tullibardine,” Appendix, p. 221, infra. Perhaps the fees were those payable on the death of a prisoner.
page 123 note 2 See note “Murray of Broughton,” Appendix, p. 225, infra.
page 123 note 3 I.e., in the tower at the Traitors' Gate, an appropriate prison-house for Murray, as afterwards appeared. As to the water-engine, see p. 61, note (2), supra, and cf. entry June 20, 1746.
page 123 note 4 See note “Lord Balmerino,” Appendix, p. 214, infra.
page 124 note 1 See note “Examination by the Privy Council,” Appendix, at p. 250, infra.
page 124 note 2 Perhaps Captain Fletcher, referred to further on.
page 124 note 3 See note “The Monmouth Tower,” Appendix, p. 219, infra.
page 125 note 1 “When they were to be brought from the Tower in separate coaches there was some dispute in which the axe must go. Old Balmerino cried: ‘Come, come, put it with me.’ At the bar he plays with his fingers upon the axe while he talks to the Gentleman Goaler, and one day somebody coming up to listen, he took the blade and held it like a fan between their faces.” (Horace Walpole's Letters, ed. 1903, ii, 217). The ceremonial axe is here referred to. It is distinct from that used by the executioner, and is kept at the present day in the Resident Governor's house, as it was no doubt in Williamson's time. The handle is still adorned with brass nails. See further as to this axe, p. 28, note (1) supra.
page 125 note 2 Westminster Bridge, a stone bridge, begun in 1739, and opened in 1750; replaced by the present bridge in 1860 (Wheatley, London Past and Present).
page 125 note 3 An extended line of men (New Eng. Dict.).
page 126 note 1 To set up; to place in repose (Johnson's Dict.).
page 127 note 1 There is a warrant of this date (Tower Records, iv, 26) for the Earl of Moray, John Maule, Esq., and Mr. John Walkinsaw, to have access to Lord Balmerino and on August 4 the prisoner writes to the Duke of Newcastle for leave to see alone Charles Hamilton Gordon, Esq., Mr. John Walkinshaw, Mr Malcolm, and Miss Nelly Chalmers, his wife's sister, and requests that Mr. Robert Gordon and the Revd Mr. Humfrys may be permitted to attend him as often as they think fit (Stale Papers, Domestic, August, 1746). See note “John Walkinshaw,” Appendix, p. 227, infra.
page 127 note 2 “Old Balmerino keeps up his spirits to the same pitch of gaiety. In the cell at Westminster he showed Lord Kilmarnock how he must lay his head—bid him not wince lest the stroke should cut his skull or his shoulders, and advised him to bite his lips. As they were to return he begged they might have another bottle together as they should never meet any more till ___ and then pointed to his neck. At getting into the coach he said to the gaoler: ‘Take care or you will break my shins with this damned axe.’ “(Horace Walpole's Letters, ed., 1903, ii, 225).
page 128 note 1 See note “Earl of Cromarty,” Appendix, p. 207, infra.
page 128 note 2 James, sixth Duke of Hamilton (1724–1758); succeeded to the title in 1743. Apparently he had given more support to the Pretender than the Government were aware of, or, at any rate, could sufficiently prove. Murray of Broughton says that the Duke subscribed £1,500 towards the expedition of 1745. (Bell, , Memorials of Murray of Broughton, xii., 118–124, 137–8)Google Scholar.
page 128 note 3 There is a warrant of August 14 for the clerk to Mr Ross, the solicitor, to be alone with Lord Kilmarnock at seasonable hours (Tower Records, iv, 17).
page 128 note 4 See note “Earl of Traquair,” Appendix, p. 229, infra.
page 128 note 5 This room is included in the list given in the Introduction (p. 13). As the description “one pair of stairs ” or “two pair of stairs ” does not apply to the Book-case room it would appear to have been on the ground floor.
page 128 note 6 Charles Radclyffe; see Appendix, p. 192, infra.
page 128 note 7 “The seal in yellow wax ”: The Secretary of State's Warrant Book (P.R.O., No. 370) shows that a sign manual warrant was addressed to the Lord Chancellor for the issue of a writ under the Great Seal authorizing the delivery of the bodies to the Sheriffs for execution.
As to the Sheriffs of London and Middlesex, see p. 133, note (4). The Court before which a prisoner was tried, had power to fix the place of execution. (See note “Sheriffs of London and Middlesex and Layer's execution,” Appendix, p. 176, infra). In the present instance the scaffold was erected in the usual place on Tower Hill within the City boundary, at a spot now marked by a stone in the garden of Trinity Square. The scaffold was raised about 9 feet from the ground; see an Account by an Eye-Witness, Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., ii, 41. The place of execution on the Parade within the Tower walls was reserved for royal personages. See further, note (2) infra.
page 129 note 1 See note “Simon, Lord Lovat,” Appendix, p. 233, infra.
page 129 note 2 The scaffold was erected opposite a house then or formerly known as the Transport Office at the corner of Catherine Court, Tower Hill, afterwards No. 14 Trinity Square. (See note (7) supra.) It is said that Lord Derwentwater, in 1716, was the first prisoner to be taken to the Transport Office instead of direct to the scaffold (Davey, Tower of London, 329).
page 129 note 3 The Bulwark or Lion Gate.
page 129 note 4 See entry, August 21, 1738.
page 129 note 5 In his History of the Tower (ii, 121), Lord Ronald Gower, purporting to quote the Gentleman's Magazine, makes the Constable of the Tower head the procession to the scaffold. The Gentleman's Magazine, however (xvi, 391), speaks of the Constable of the Tower Hamlets, a less exalted official. The “house of the scaffold ” was the house formerly known as the Transport Office (See note (2) supra).
page 130 note 1 St. Peter ad Vincula. Lord de Ros {Memorials of the Tower, 31) says that the coffin plates of Lords Kilmarnock, Balmerino and Lovat were discovered in making excavations for the foundation of the barracks after the fire of 1841. A number of coffins and a quantity of bones were removed into the vaults on the north side of the chapel. The three coffin plates are now fixed to the wall of the chapel.
page 130 note 2 A good profit; see New Eng. Diet, sub “hand,” 45.
page 131 note 1 Cf. entry, March 14, 1733–4.
page 131 note 2 No doubt, Legge's Mount (see Frontispiece).
page 131 note 3 Lord McLeod. See Appendix, p. 222, infra. “Mr. Murra,” William Murray of Taymount. See Appendix, p. 224, infra. The trial as in Surrey pursuant to the Act 19 George II c. 9.
page 131 note 4 Countess of Traquair. See entry, August 9, 1746.
page 131 note 5 Lord Cromarty had previously been lodged in the Bloody Tower. See entry. May 29, 1746.
page 132 note 1 Earl of Traquair. See Appendix, p. 229, infra.
page 132 note 2 See note “Sir John Douglas of Kilhead,” Appendix, p. 247, infra.
page 132 note 3 John Murray of Broughton; see Appendix, p. 225, infra.
page 132 note 4 Cockpit”; see p. 39, note (4).
page 132 note 5 See note “Examination by the Privy Council,” Appendix, p. 247, infra.
page 132 note 6 See note “Dr Barry,” Appendix, p. 251, infra.
page 132 note 7 See note “Charles Radclyfie and James Radclyffe,” Appendix, p. 192, infra.
page 133 note 1 See note “Charles Radclyfie and James Radclyffe,” Appendix; p. 195, infra.
page 133 note 2 “He, poor man,” i.e., the Duke of Monmouth. As to the Monmouth Tower, see further, Appendix, p. 219, infra.
page 133 note 3 See note “Flora Macdonald,” Appendix, p. 252, infra.
page 133 note 4 Strictly, this should be “Sheriff of Middlesex.” The two Sheriffs of the City of London jointly constituted the Sheriff of Middlesex until the passing of the Local Government Act, 1888. (See Pulling, Laws and Customs of London, 134–6; Wilmot, Opinions and Judgements, 131; Manning and Granger's Reports; i, 544, note.)
page 133 note 5 Compare p. 88, note (2). In the account of the execution in the state trials (Howell's State Trials, xviii, 439), it is said that the Under–Sheriffs went down to the east gate of the Tower “which is next to Iron Gate.”
page 133 note 6 Down from the Monmouth Tower, from which, if it is identical with the Byward Tower, the Drawbridge stretched across to the Wharf (see Appendix, p. 220, infra).
page 134 note 1 Williamson's duty was over as soon as he had delivered the prisoner to the sheriffs and there was no need for him to be present at the execution. In the case of the Highland deserters shot within the Tower (see entry, July 17, 1743), Williamson was responsible for carrying out the sentence.
page 134 note 2 See entry, August 21, 1738.
page 134 note 3 See note “Charles Radclyffe and James Radclyffe,” Appendix, pp. 197, 198, infra.
page 134 note 4 Perhaps it was on this occasion that a woman looked into the coach and said: “You ugly old dog, don't you think you will have that frightful head cut off ? ” to which Lovat replied: “You ugly old b—I believe I shall.” (Horace Walpole's Letters, ed., 1903, ii, 266).
page 135 note 1 As to Lord McLeod, see Appendix, p. 222, infra; as to William Murray, see ibid. p. 224, infra. The words “warrant of the ” are apparently omitted after “back of the ”.
page 136 note 1 Lord Hardwicke.
page 136 note 2 See note “Simon, Lord Lovat,” Appendix, p. 233, infra.