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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 February 2010
page xiii note a In the MS. at King's College, Cambridge, the work is entitled, in the prologue, “Promptorius Parvulorum;” in Pynson's edition “Promptorius Puerorum;” and in that by Wynkyn de Worde “Promptuarium Parvulorum Clericorum.” The last title ie doubtless most correct. Promptuarium in classical latinity signifies a store-room or repository; in mediaeval times it denoted the department in a conventual or collegiate establishment or the like, whence stores were dispensed, which in a monastery was under the charge of the Cellarer. The author gives “Boterye; celarium, promptuarium;” p. 45; “Celer; promptuarium; Celerereof the howse; cellerarius, promptuarius;” p. 65; “Spence, botery or celere; cellarium, promptuarium;” p. 468. As illustrations of the use of the term by mediaeval writers, I may mention the “Promptuarium argumentorum dialogice ordinatorum,” Colon. 1496, “Promptuarium exemplorum,” appended to the “Sermones de Sanctis” printed by Julian Notary in 1510, “Joh. Herolt Promptuarium,” Nuremb. 1520, and “Jo. Pinieiani Promptuarium Vocabulorum;” Aug. Vind. 1516. The title, it may be observed, was adopted for a Latin-Preneh and French-Latin vocabulary, “Promptuarium Latinse Linguae,” printed at Antwerp by Plantin, 1564; and the well-known series of medallion portraits first published at Lyons in 1553 is entitled “Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum.”
page xiv note a See p. 3, infra.
page xiv note b Dugdale, Mon. Angl. vol. vi. p. 1487; Taylor's Index Monast. p. 37; Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. viii. p. 527.
page xiv note c There was a chapel of St. Catherine in the conventual church, and with this chapel probably the above-mentioned anchorage was connected. Henry le Despencer, Bishop of Norwich, wrote a letter to the mayor and burgesses of Lynn, 5 Rich. II. desiring that they would grant their part of the house of St. Catherine to John Consolif, a servant of Lord le Despencer, the bishop's brother, there to live a solitary life upon the alms of the good people; the other part of the house, belonging to the Archdeacon of Norwich, having been before granted to the said John Consolyf. Blomefield, ut supra, p. 513. There was a remarkable hermitage at Lynn, in a cave on the sea-shore, in the bishop's marsh, at a spot called “Lenne Crouch,” where, as appears by a document dated 1349, a lofty cross, 110 feet in height, had been erected for the benefit of seafaring men. But hermits and recluses were essentially different.
page xv note a Hearne has given a note, hereafter mentioned, in -which the compiler of the work i s stated to have been “frater Ricardus Fraunces, inter quatuor parietes pro Christo inclusus.” Ames has inserted a note by a Mr. Lewis, who was led to the conclusion that he had actually been starved to death between four walls; but Herbert observes that the phrase means no more than that he was confined or imprisoned; to which Dibdin adds “most probably a voluntary recluse or monk.” Typ. Ant. vol. ii. p. 418. b Sussex Archreol. Coll. vol. i. p. 174.
page xiv note c Madox, Form. Angl. p. 437.
page xiv note d Reyner, Apost. Benedict, in Anglia, App. p. US.
page xvi note a Peter Langtoft's Chronicle, edit. Hearne, vol. ii. p. 624.
page xvi note b In the first edition, printed at Ipswich, 1548, the notice of Galfridus varies only in a few particulars from that above cited.
page xvii note a Alexander Neooham.
page xvii note b Johannes Balbi Januensis, author of the Catholioon.
page xvii note c The Synonyma were printed by Pynson in 1496,1500, and 1509, “cum expositione magistri Galfridi Angliei,” namely, the author of the Promptorium here mentioned; also printed by W. de Worde, 1500,1505, 1510, 1514, 1517,1518. The first edition, by Pynson, is in the Bodleian (Auctarium, Q. 2, 5, 9); the expositio is in Latin, with a few English words; for instance, “perichelides, Anglice a bee” (A. Sax. Beag, beáh, corona, armilla). The words are arranged alphabetically by order of subjects, e. g. “Ocillum die os minimum funia quoque ludum, qui se de more portant per inane puella:” thus expounded by the grammarian Galfridus, “et dictum est ocillum quia in ora moveantur hue et illuc, vel quia ora astantium ad risum moveant, vel quia solebant impelli in ora transeuntium, et iste vocatur Anglice (a totre or a rydyng rope,)” namely, a swing for children. See Dibdin, Typ. Antiq., vol. ii., pp. 97, 612; and p. lxviii. infra.
page xvii note d The Multorum Verborum Equivocorum Interpretatio was printed by W. de Worde, 1409, 1506, 1514, and by Pynson, 1514. See Dibdin, Typ. Antiq. vol. ii. pp. 96, 406, 548; and p. lxviii. infra.
page xvii note e Tanner (Bibl. Brit. p. 305) refers to a MS. of this work in the library at Lincoln Cathedral, unfortunately not included among the cathedral libraries of which the MSS. are enumerated in Catal. MSS. Anglito. I am indebted to the Rev. G. F. Apthorp, Senior Vicar of Lincoln Cathedral, for information that there is a MS. of the Medulla Grammatice, the Latin-English dictionary above cited among the works of Galfridus Grammaticus, and that the volume contains a “Liber Hymnorum,” stated to be by the same author as the dictionary. The shelf-mark of the MS, was formerly H. 35; in the present arrangement it is A. 3, 15.
page xvii note f Baleus, Script, majoris Brytannie Catalogus, p. 631.
page xviii note a Jo. Pitsei, de Rebus Angliois, Catal. Soriptorum, &o. p. 679, under the year 1490.
page xviii note b Bishop Tanner observes that this work was written by Galfridus Vinesauf. In the list of MSS, at Durham, 1391, we find “Nova Poetria Galfridi Anglici qui voeatur Papa Stupor mundi.” Cat. Vet. Eccl. Dun., Surtees Soc. p. 11. Hence obviously this work is erroneously assigned by Pits to Galfridus Grammatious, who lived in the following century. See also Cat. Vet. ut supra, p. 177: Codd. Coll. S. Trin. Cant., Catal. MSS. Angl. t. ii., p. 99, No. 446. Mr. Coxe, Catal. MSS. Oxon., Coll. Ball. nos. cclxiii., cclxxvi., ascribes the Carmen “De Poetria nova,” dedicated to Innocent III., to Gal-fridus de Vino Salvo.
page xix note a Bibl. Brit.-Hih. p. 305. The description of the Lincoln MS. given by the learned bishop would lead us to conclude that it was a copy of the Promptorium, namely, an English-Latin Dictionary. It is probable that Tanner had formed such a supposition from the circumstance that in the colophon of Pynson's edition of the Promptorium that work is entitled “Medulla Grammatioe” (see p. 539, infra), properly the designation of the Latin-English Dictionary compiled possibly by the same author. The MS. noticed by Tanner is still in the library, as before stated (see p. xvii., note e); it is in fact a Latin- English Dictionary; at the end is written “Explicit Medulla Grammatice.” The volume contains also a “Verbale,” and the “Liber Hymnorum cum expositione Galfridi” mentioned by Tanner.
page xx note a Latin-English and English-Latin Lexicography (by the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor), Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology, vol. iv. March 1857.
page xxi note a It deserves notice that these authorities agree in ascribing the authorship of the “Hortua Vocabulorum” to Galfridus Grammaticus, and it will be remembered that Bale first published his account in 1548, about a century possibly after the recluse at Lynn brought his labors to completion. There can be little doubt that they contributed largely to that book, although his original compilation may have been amended and enlarged by some other hand from the works above enumerated, before its issue from the press of Wynkyn de Worde, in 1500.
page xxii note a The reading in Harl. MS. 221 is Askysye or Askesye, but possibly the word may be more correctly Askeftse; it was a term of reproach among the Northern nations, denoting an unwarlike fellow who stayed at home in the chimney-corner like a cat among the ashes. See Ihre, Lexic. Suio-Goth. v. Asia, and the Saga of Rolf, how the Askefia won the King's daughter to wife. A corresponding French word is given by Hollyband, “Cendrier, he that keepeth the chimney-corner, a sluggard,” rendered likewise by Cotgrave “a sluggard, slowbacke, idlesbie, house dove, one that sits lurking in the chimney corner.” The word may be preserved, as I am informed, in the name of a house in Lincolnshire, Askefye Hall, near Spalding, once the abode of Maurice Johnson, but now usually written “Ayscough Fee Hall.”
page xxiii note a Præf. D. Du Cange in Glossar. med. et inf. Let., S. 47; edit. Hensohel, t. i. p. 29. Pabrioius, Biblioth. med. et inf. Lat., t. i. p. 163; Oudin, t. iii. p. 579; Maittaire, Ann. Typ., t. i. p. 271; Wurdtwein, Bibl. Mogunt., p. 66; Hallanr, Lit. of Europe, I. e. 1, £90.
page xxiii note b Fabricius, Biblioth. med. et inf. Lat., t. iii. 304; edit. Patav. 1754. Du Cange, præf. 8. 46; edit. Henschel, t. i. p. 28; Tirabosehi, Storia di Lett. Ital., lib. iii. c. 14.
page xxiv note a The following MSS. may be enumerated. In the Bodleian, Laud MS. 1334, 71, “Hnioii Pisani Diotionarium Latinum;” and MS.Bodleii, 2486,9. “Huguitionis Pisani Derivationes magnse give Dictionarium Etymologioum;” Cat. MSS. Angl. t. i. pp. 70,129: “Hugonis, vel Hugutionis, episoopi Pisani derivationes magnse,” &c, Lambeth MS. 80: “Hugonis liber de significations verbornm, sive derivationes magnse, opus valde prolixum,” ibid. No. 120. See also Arundel MSS. in Brit. Mus. 127, 508, and 515, the latter being an abridgement. MSS. are also to be found in the Cathedral libraries at York and Durham; at Balliol College, Nos. 279, 298, and at Caius College, No. 459; Catal. by the Rev. J. J. Smith. In Add. MS. 11611 may be found “Tabula per alphabetum oondita a fratre Lamberto de Pisis,” an index of all words explained by Uguitio, with the indication of the primary words under which they occur, facilitating the use of the work.
page xxiv note b Possibly to be found in the Lambeth Library, MS. No. 502, f. 15, “Regute gram-maticales versibus conclusae.” In some instances reference is made in the Promptorium both to the work “in, majori volumine,” and also in the versified form. It deserves notice, that, where the latter is cited, the reference is rarely to the letter which is the initial of the Latin word in question. Thus we find “Cleppyn or clenchyn; tinnio; Ug. V. in S.—Heere bonde; vitta; Ug. V. in C.—Mete yevare; dapaticus; Ug. V. in A.—Mychare; erro; Ug. V. in P.” &c.
page xxv note a Pits, p. 481; Wadding. Ann. Minorum; Fabricius, Bibl. med. et inf. Lat. t. i. p. 282; Tanner, p. 121, &c. Brito is cited in the Promptorium under “Bras pott; emola;” p. 47; “Chyldys belle; bulla;” p.75; “Cokbelle;” p. 86; “Forelle, tokepeyn a boke;” p. 171.
page xxv note b It may be well to cite a few Latin words given on the authority of the Campus Florum; the following will be serviceable, in any future inquiry, for purposes of comparison, if any work thus entitled should be brought to light; it may have been known by some other title, and hence my search has been fruitless. “Appulmoce, dyschmete; pomacium. Astelle, a schyyd; teda. Babulle; pegma. Bane of a pley; coragium. Baselarde; tica. Caraway, herbe; carwy, sic scribitur in campo florum. Hey benche; orcistra. Joppe or folte; joppus. Karde for wulle; campus florum dicit quod cardi sunt pectines ferrei. Kyptre of a welle; tela. Lullynge songe; fescennia. Murche, lytyll man; nanus. Parget or playster for wallys; gypsum. Renlys for mylke; coagulum. Sprete or quante; conta. Staeyonere; bibliopola. Wyylde fyyr; ignis Oreous.” These words will show how varied the contents of the Campus Florum must have been.
page xxv note c Catal. MSS. Anglise, vol. ii. p. 149. The title was taken from the Canticles, and also because, as the author states, he had compiled the work “contemplacione venerabilis patris domini mei domini archiepiscopi Panormitani, videlicet domini Theobaldi de Ursinis de Campo Florum,” to whom he had transmitted it for correction. In the University library, Cambridge, is a MS. treatise entitled “Pratum Florum,” beginning “Cfram-maticeflorespresens liber insinuabit.” XIV. cent., MS. 1619, f. 98. Catal. vol. iii.p. 240.
page xxvi note a Whilst these pagea were in the press, Sir P. Madden has pointed out a work entitled “Campus Florum,” by Thomas Guallensis, of which see a notice infra, p. lxxiii.
page xxvi note b It is subjoined to the volume entitled, Paris sons Philippe le Bel; Paris, 1838, Appendix, p. 580.
page xxvi note c A Library of National Antiquities, &c, vol. i.; Vocabularies edited by Mr. Thomas Wright, F.S.A., p. 120. The text here printed is accompanied by numerous English glosses; it has been taken from Cott. MS. Titus, D. xx. collated with Harl. MS. 1002, f. 176, where it occurs with the “Liber vocatus Equus sive Caballus,” another treatise attributed, as above stated, to John de Garlandia.
page xxvii note a Vocabularies, &c, Library of National Antiquities, vol. i. p. 120, privately printed, 1857. Besides the dissertation of M. Géraud (Dooum. inédits, ut supra) notices of John de Garlandia may be found in numerous works on mediaeval literature: Fabric. Bibl. med. et inf. Lat. lib. vii.; Tanner, Bibl. Brit. p. 309; France Litt., t. viii. p. 96; Du Cange, Preface to his Glossary, s. 45; Leyser, p. 339, &c, M. Géraud states that the dictionary above noticed was printed at Caen in 1508, under the title “Joh. de Garlandia Vocabularium sive vocum ad artes pertinentium expositio.”
page xxvii note b Latin-English and English-Latin Lexicography, Journal of Philology, vol. iv. March 1857.
page xxvii note c Essays on the Literature of England in the Middle Ages; Lond. 1846, vol. i. p. 215. The poem is preserved in Cott. MS. Claudius, A. X. f. 86; and the whole has been edited for the Roxburghe Club by Mr. Wright, as mentioned in the text above.
page xxviii note a Catalogue of MSS. in Caius College Library, by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 385. This volume, “Ex dono Magistri Rogeri Marohalle,” contains, besides the Commentarius, “Die-cionarius Magistri Johannis de Garlandia, cum commento;” commencing, “Sacerdos ad altare accessurus,” &c, treating of sacred vestments and ornaments; also of certain sciences, grammar, logic, arithmetic, ecclesiastical and civil law, &c.— “Accentarius ejusdem.—Diccionarius alius ejusdem sub alia forma;” the same as that printed by Mr. Wright (Volume of Vocabularies, p. 120), and by M. Géraud (Doeum. Inédits). “De misteriis ecclesie per eundem Johannem de Garlandia;” commencing, “Anglia quo fulget:” also a “Compendium gramatice per eundem,” in verse, commencing— “Gramatioam trivialis apex subjicitsibifermo;” and “Morale scolarium per eundem,” in verse. In the Histoire Litteraire dela France, torn. viii. p. 96, three distinct dictionaries are attributed to John de Gar-landia. Of these, two, doubtless, are found in the volume here described; the third may be the compilation of similar nature entitled Commentariut.
page xxix note a Polycarpi Leyseri Hist, poetarum med. tevi, Halee, 1721, p. 311. The poem “De Mysteriis Ecclesite” is given by Otto, Comment. Crit. in Codd. Biblioth. Gissensis, 1842, pp. 86, 131-151.
page xxix note b No. 385, f. 163, possibly late sæc. xiii. This curious collection has been previously noticed. Catalogue of MSS. in Caius College Library, by the Eev. J. J. Smith, p. 179. A copy among Archbishop Parker's MSS. C.C.C. Cant, is described by Nasmyth, “Carmen ad Fulconem Episcopum Londoniensem de Eitibus Ecclesiasticis.”—MS. CL. No. 4.
page xxix note c M. Géraud, Paris sous Philippe le Bel, Append, p. 583, adverts to this poem by John de Garlandia, but he observes that it is not known who the bishop in question was, his name being indicated only by the initial F. He is, however, identified by the gloss in the MS. above described. The argument that the author was born in France, because the name-de Garlandia, possibly from a place so called in Brie, is French rather than English, does not prove that he was not a native of this country, or of a family established in England.
page xxxi note a Catal. of MSS. at Caius Coll. Camb. by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 385, fol. 61. The tract above noticed ia not mentioned, however, in the description of thia curious volume.
page xxxi note b Ibid. No. 136, fo. 51 verso.
page xxxi note c So also in the Ortus Vocabulorum I find these words: “Merarius, t. meridianus, —Merarius, est quidem liber.”
page xxxii note a Catal. of MSS. Caius Coll. Camb. by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 136, fo. 45. It occurs in this volume immediately after the Diccionariui of John de Garlandia, and U followed by the treatise entitled Merarius described above.
page xxxii note b Library of National Antiquities, &c, published at the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer, F.S.A. vol. i. p. 174.
page xxxii note c Among Sir Thomas Bodley's MSS. there is a copy entitled “Liber Ditigii (tie), hoc est disticha 21, in quibus ex destinato plures voces e Greco fonte derivatse oceurrunt, sed addita in margine expositione Anglica.” See the Catal. MSS. Angliee, t. i. p. 135, No. 2562, 67. Among the MSS. in the Conventual Library at Peterborough there was “Liber Distigii Glosatus.” Gunton's Peterb. p. 205. This metrical treatise may have been sometimes designated by another title, and be identical with that atwribed to John de Garlandia by Bale, Pits, and other writers, namely “Cornutnm sive disticha.” Haenel, Catal. MSS., p. 531, mentions a M3. at Basle entitled “Cornutus antiquui et novus;” also “Distichium sive cornutus.” A copy is in the British Museum, Arund. MS. 243, f. 343, “Cornutus, sive disticha hezametra moralia cum interpretations Germanica et commentario Latino.” The “Expositio disticii seu Corrrathi,” by Mag. Jo. de Garlandria (sic) was printed at Hagenau in 1489. Hain, Repert. Bibl., vol. ii. p. 436. It should be noticed that Johannes Destigius, an author of English origin, is mentioned by Pits, p. 873, who wrote a work “Super Vocabulis Sacrorum Bibliorum;” following the writings of Neccham and Brito.
page xxxii note d Leland, t. ii. p. 286; Bale, p. 334; Pits, p. 357; Cave, p. 735; Godwin de Prses. p. 136; Ant. Wood; Tanner, p. 455. His name is written “Chiluuardebius” by Leland.
page xxxiii note a Volume of Vocabularies from the tenth to the fifteenth century, &c. published at the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer, F.S.A.
page xxxiii note b Among numerous words occurring in the Promptorium with references to Neccham, and likewise found in the treatise “De Ctensilibus” given by Mr. Wright, may be cited, “Garbage of fowlys; entera, vel exta,” p. 186 (compare Mr. Wright's edition, p. 97); “Jowpe, garment; jupa,” p. 275 (Wright, p. 98); Latche or snekke; pessula,” p. 283 (compare Wright, p. HO); “Perre, drynke; piretum,” p. 394 (compare Wright, p. 98).
page xxxiv note a Catal. MSS. Anglise, pp. 119,148; compare Catal, of MSS. at Gonville and Caius College by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 136.
page xxxiv note b Chronicle of England, by John Capgrave, edited for the Series of Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain by the Rev. F. C. Hingeston; App. to Introd. p. 370.
page xxxiii note c The word in Harl. MS. 221 is written Homolochus. ωμóλοχος, a low jester, is a word used by Aristotle, Ethics, N. 4, 8, 3, and also by Aristophanes. Compare Ortus Vocabulorum:—“Bomolochus, i. scurra (abrawler):—Bomolochia, i. scurrilitas.”
page xxxv note a The “De Vitis SS. Patrum liber” has been attributed to St. Jerome, but hereon the learned have been much at variance. Oudin, t. i. p. 8S1. The work was doubtless, as Bellarmine and others have observed, compiled from several authors. These lives have been frequently printed; they were translated into several languages. A translation by Caxton from the French, finished, as the colophon states, on the last day of his life, was printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1495. Dibdin, Typog. Ant. vol. ii. p. 43.
page xxxv note b Mr. W. S. Walford, to whose valuable suggestions I have very often been indebted, has pointed out that among the books of Charles V. King of France, 1409, occurs a “Liber de tribus dietis,” but there is no clue to what may have been the subject of it. See Bibliotheque Prototypographique, p. 81.
page xxxvi note a A Library of National Antiquities, published at the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer, F.S.A., vol. i. Vocabularies, p. 175.
page xxxvi note b See also “Schryvyn or hero scryftys; audire confessiones, nichil aliud tavern per grammaticam;] to which in the Winchester MS. is added, “acapulagito, iecundum Levsay.” The like reference occurs under “Trunchon, wyrme.”
page xxxvii note a Catal. MSS. Angliæ, t. ii. p. 387.
page xxxvii note b On the leaf at the end are some medical receipts:—M. Breuse hsec me doeuit, Holsome herbes for the potte in tempore pestilencie, &e. A soveranc medicynne for the swetynge sekenesse; secundum magistrum Walterum Hylle,” &c.
page xxxvii note c See Advertisement, p. v. ante.
page xxxviii note a Samuel Thomas, possibly the donor of this book, was appointed prebendary of Wells, Aug. 3, 1681. His successor in the stall (Compton Bishop) was appointed in 1691. Le Neve, edit. Hardy.
page xxxviii note b The family of this name lived, according to Blomefield (Hist. Norf. vol. viii. p. 4) at Aldby or Aldeburgh, and had a lease of the priory manor. He mentions three persons, in successive generations, living there about the sixteenth century and subsequently, each of whom bore the name of Robert London.
page xxxix note a This fine volume is in perfect preservation, in the original oak boards covered with leather. The contents, besides the Promptorium, are—Liber Catonis, Liber Equivocorum, Parvum Doctrinale, or Liber de Parabolis Philosophise, Liber Theodoli, and Liber Aniani, the last consisting of fables in hexameter and pentameter verse.
page xl note a The following portions are lost: from Bagge or poke to Byggyng or thyng yat is byggyd; from Hedoyte to Hool; and from Mowar, or maker of mowys, to Mylkyn.
page xl note b This MS. of the Medulla is described hereafter, see p. liv.
page xl note c Mr. Singer's library was sold by Messrs. Sotheby, Aug. 3, 1858. I am notaware from what source the MS. had come into his hands; on the first leaf are the class marks of some former possessor—L. 6. 26, and W. 7. The early portion is in a fragmentary state, until fo. 6, beginning with the word Oandelere, after which the continuity is broken at intervals, until the letter T.
page xli note a Abraam or Abednego Seller was a writer of some note on matters ecclesiastical in his day. His chief works are “Remarques relating to the State of the Church of the first centuries,” Lond. 1680; “History of Passive Obedience since the Reformation,” &c Amst. 1689; “History of Self-Defence,” &o. See Ant. Wood, Watt, and Lowndes. I have not succeeded in ascertaining what became of his library; some of his MSS. are in the library of the University of Cambridge.
page xliii note a Comtes d'Egmond, Art de Verifier les Dates, t. iv. p. 335. A Frederic de Egmond, Count of Buren, is mentioned in the treaty for an intended marriage between Charles, prince of Spain, and Mary, daughter of Henry VII., in 1507; and again in another treaty relating to the same subject, dated May i, 1508. Bymer, t, v. part iv. pp. 241, 255.
page xliv note a Ames' Typ. Ant. vol. i. p. 246; Dibdin, vol. ii. p. 416; Bibl. Spenc. Supp. p. 241, and Biblioth. Grenvill. vol. ii. p. 576. See also Panzer, vol. i. p. 509, and Maittaire, vol. i. p. 693.
page xliv note b Shelf-mark, AB. 10, 38.
page xliv note c See West's Catalogue, p. 54. The leaves measure slightly over 10/12 inches in height by 8/58 in width; the dimensions of the copy in the King's Library, British Museum, are 10/78 by 7/12; in.; of that in the Grenville library, 10/58 in height.
page xliv note d At the beginning of this volume a leaf printed by Pynson is bound in, unnoticed by bibliographers; it is a formula of an indulgence granted by Julius II. and dated 1508, with a blank for the name of the person to whom it might be granted, and purports to be issued by the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of St. David's, the Pope's Commissaries general, to authorise the appointment, by the person for whose benefit i t was intended, of a confessor, who might grant absolution of sins, with exception of some which are specified, including exportation of arms to the infidels and importation of alum from them. It is printed Arehteol. Journal, vol. xvii. p. 250.
page xliv note e At Inglis' sale a copy produced 381. 17s. Another was sold in 1855 by Messrs. Sotheby for 161. There is a copy in the choice library of Henry Huth, Esq.
page xliv note f It is stated in Brunet's Manuel du Libraire, edit. 1863, t. iv. col. 900, that there exist “des éditions abrégées sorties des presses de Winkyn de Worde, sans date, et en 1516, in 4. de 70 ff., réimpr. en 1522 et en 1528.” I am not aware on what authority this mention of any edition without date is made. The Ortus Vocabulorum having been printed by W. de Worde in 1500, as hereafter noticed, it may be supposed that he likewise produced an edition of the Promptorium about the same period as a convenient accompaniment. None has been found earlier than the edition of 1510, which is described by Dibdin as the first from that press. He mentions a fine copy in the late Mr. Roger Wilbraham's library.
page xlv note a This copy is in old brown calf, and in good condition; the Ortus Vooabulorum, edit. 1518, precedes the Prcimptorium. The name “Mylles Blomefylde of Bury St. Edmunde” is written several times on the title pages. “Myles Blomefylde owe this booke,” &c. Another copy of the Promptorium, edit. 1516, is in the Grenville Library n i the British Museum, and also one of edit. 1528. A fine clean copy of edit. 1516 i s in the Public Library at Cambridge; another is in the Bodleian, Tanner Coll. No. 271.
page xlv note b See more detailed bibliographical notices in Ames' Typ. Ant. by Herbert, vol. iii. p. 1775; Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. ii. pp. 88, 91, 155; Bibl. Spenc. Supp. p. 241.
page xlvi note a It may deserve mention that the verbs are moBtly printed with the termination yn or en; in a few instances, however, with a final e, as “agyne, seneo; seyne, dico; atachyne,” &e. or ynge, as “pargettynge wallea, gipso; poyntynge, or portrayen, pingo;” and not unfrequently the peculiar form of the A.-Saxon gerundial infinitive, followed in the MSS. of the Promptorium (tee p. xlviii., infra) is laid aside; for instance wefindin W. de Worde's edition “amende, bende bowes, consent,” &c. The words written in tha MSS. with 3, and so printed by Pynson, are printed with y.
page xlvi note b The dimensions of the leaves in this copy are 7/14 inches by 5/38.
page xlvii note a Biblioth. Grenv. p. 576; Dibdin, Typ. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 585. Herbert quotes it dm anno, which seems to show that he had never seen it. I may here recall, among many kindnesses of a highly-valued friend, the Rev. S. R. Maitland, the communication of his discovery, in 1843, of four leaves in a volume in the Lambeth library, used as flyleaves, and which I identified as fragments of the rare edition by Julian Notary. They are sign, b iii. and n ii. This fragment is noticed by Dr. Maitland in his List of some of the early printed books in the Archiepiscopal Library, 1843, p. 464, and in an Index of such English books printed before 1600 as are in that collection, 1845, p. 120.
page xlix note a An English Grammar, by Alexander Bain, M.A. London, 1863, p. 95 n.
page xlix note b See the notes, pp. 141, 535, infra.
page l note a On the first of three leaves of parchment bound in at the beginning is written, in a hand contemporary with the MS., “Brother Wylliam Barker I pray youe lett thys booke be bounde at the vtmoste by myddyll lent and my brother shalle pay for the byndynge;” on the reverse is rudely sketched with the pen Our Lord rising from the Sepulehre. On the third leaf, v°. are two short Latin poems in hexameters, the first beginning thus: “Siccine tam crebris frustra commentibus anglos;” the second: “Conveniunt gallos crebris eonventibus angli.” At the end: “Thys ..... ys Rychard ys boke.” It may deserve mention that after certain words of ill omen the sign of the cross is found, thus: Diabolus, the deuel. 
Demon, the deuel. Dis, the deuel. Comicius, the fallinge euel. Epilencia, the fallinge euel. Febricito, to haue the feuerus. Genetarius, that vseth hore hous. I have noticed occasionally a similar practice in other MSS. of the period.
page li note a Catal. MSS. Anglie, t. ii. p. 244; no. 7193, 33.
page li note b I found in this volume the names probably of former possessors—“Johne Prussey (or Prussere?)—Thomas Wynston—This is Gilles Winston his boke. –Egideus Wynston honyst man in the paryssh of saynt Dunstone.”
page lii note a On the fly-leaf at the end there is the following verse:—
Anno Milleno quadringentesimo trino
Bellura Salopie fuit in Mag. nocte marie.
The fatal battle of Shrewsbury was fought on July 23, 1403; the festival of St. Mary Magdalene here referred to being July 22.
page lii note b The entry by Mr. Halliwell is as follows: “This MS. was given to me by Mr. W. O. Hunt of Stratford on Avon, April 23 (Shakespeare's birthday) 1862. I accepted it on the condition that I was to be at liberty to sell it, adding the proceeds to the Shakespeare fund.—J. O. H.”
page liii note a See p. xvii. ante.
page liii note b Sir Frederic Madden has pointed out Bishop Tanner's original notes regarding the Lincoln MSS.i as given in his voluminous collections now in the British Museum, and occurring in Add. MS. 6261, ff. 143, 171. As before mentioned, I have little doubt that the slight error in the learned Bishop's account of the MS. above described may have arisen from the title of “Medulla” being occasionally given to the Promptorium in the printed editions.
page liv note a The name of “Sire John Mendames,” parson of “Bromenstrope” (BrunBthorp) occurring in this MS., has been supposed to be that of the writer, but it is more probably the name of a former owner of the book. In the list of incumbents of Brunsthorp John Mendham occurs. He was collated in 1529, and resigned the preferment in 1532. Blomefield's Hist, of Norf. vol. vii. p. 7.
page liv note b There existed formerly a MS. in the Chapter Library at Exeter Cathedral, thus noticed in the brief catalogue given in Catal. MSS. Anglise, torn. ii. p. 55. “2057-3, Dictionarium seu Glossarium Latinum, mutilum.” This MS. which, from information formerly received, I had hoped might prove to be a copy of the Medulla, is not to be found, as I am assured by Mr. Charles Tucker, after careful search in the depositories of the Chapter. It is not mentioned in the short enumeration of MSS. at Exeter in 1752. See Dr. Oliver's Lives of the Bishops of Exeter, App. p. 376.
page lv note a Herbert, Typ. Ant., vol. i. p. 136, Dibdin, vol. ii. p. 88. It is described by the last-named author as in quarto, like the subsequent editions by W. de Worde, instead of folio.
page lvi note a Sic. “Breviloquio” in edit. 1518. “Vocabularius Breviloquus;” Du Cange, Prtef. §41.
page lvi note b There is here no mention of the “Gemma Vocabulorum,” as in the colophon in subsequent editions.
page lvi note c It may be remarked that the woodcut in the rare volume above described has the background, not black as in Dibdin's fac-similes, but speckled with white dots. It measures 1 ⅝ by 1 ¼ inch.
page lvi note d There was an imperfect copy of this edition in Mr. Roger Wilbraham's library; the first and the last leaf, however, being lost. Dibdin, who seems, as previously observed, never to have seen the edition of 1500 (in perfect state), supposed that this book had been printed by W. de Worde about the close of the fifteenth century, and that it might be the editio princeps of the Ortus, ranging with Pynson's folio Promptorium. In its present state this copy consists of 264 leaves, measuring 10 inches by 7¼ inches; it commences with Sign. A. ii.—“A eat nomen prime littere,” and ends, “Zintala,…i. parva musca, culex, f. p.,” on the leaf following Sign. QQ. iiii. Dibdin recognised the type as the earliest used by W. de Worde and discontinued about 1510. This book was presumed to be unique.
page lviii note a At the top of this page is the autograph “Wm Herbert, 1773.”
page lix note a The rarity of these early books is so great, that a few examples of variations in the text may be acceptable. In edit. 1500 I find—“Abamita est soror aui (angl' my fathers aunte;” in edit. 1509…“an aunte).” Edit. 1500, “Ciniflo, qui flat in cinere, vel qui preparat puluerem muliebrem, (angl. aske fyste, a fyre blawer or a yrne hotter)” edit. 1500; edit. 1509, “askye fyster, a fyre blawer, or a yren heter.” Edit. 1500, “Colonia, a stypell, vel nomen proprium ciuitatis vel regionis;” edit. 1509… id est proprium nomen…colen.” Edit. 1500, “Dinodacio…a lawsynge;” edit. 1509,…“a lousynge.” Edit. 1500, “Fena (sic)…quedam bestia valde timida scilicet cerua, (anglice, a shoo harte)” edit, 1509, “Felena…a she harte,” &c.
page lix note b This reference to additions from the works of the eminent scholar, Ascensius, father-in-law of Robert Stephens, does not occur in the title in either of the previous editions, and it is not found in that of 1518.
page lx note a A missal of Salisbury use is mentioned in Ames' Typ. Ant. by Herbert, printed at Rouen in 1521 by Peter Oliver for Jaques Cousin. I am unable to account for the discrepancy in date which may be noticed in the colophon as compared with the title, unless we may suppose that the printing commenced on June 27, and that nearly four months were required for its completion.
page lxi note a John Gaehel appears to have been established in 1536 at York; he there pursued his calling near the Minster. Herbert possessed a copy of a folio edition of the York Missal with the following title:—“Missale ad usura celeberrime eeclesie Eboracensis, optimis caracteribus recenter Impressum, cura peruigili maximaque lucubratione, mendis quam pluribus emendatum. Sumptibus et expensis Johannis Gachet, mercatoris librarii bene meriti, juxtta prefatam ecclesiam commorantis anno domini decimo sexto supra millesimum et quingentessimum. Die vero quinta Februarii completum atque perfectum.” Ames' Typ. Ant. by Herbert, vol. iii. p. 1437; Maittaire, Ann. Typ., Index, vol. i. p. 74. Herbert notices also (p. 1438) a Breviary of York use, “in preclara Parrhisiensi academia in edibus videlicet ancisci Eegnault impressum, ac expensis honesti viri Joannis Gaseheti, in predicta Eboracensi civitate commorantis,” 1526; and a York Processional printed “Impensis Johannis Gachet, librarii Ebor. 1530.” See Gough's Brit. Top. vol. ii. p. 425.
page lxi note b Within the cover is pasted a book-label—““R. Wmes Vaugban, Hengwrt,”—being that of Sir Robert Williames Taughan, Bart., of Nanney, co. Merioneth, who died in 1859. His valuable collection of MSS. has come into the possession of W. W. E. Wynne, Esq. M.P. of Peniarth.
page lxii note a It was printed at Basle as early as 1480, and at Strasburgh in 1491. Of the Breviloquus, see Fabric. Bibl. Med.et Inf. Lat., t. iii. pp. 119, 120; Du Cange, Gloss., præf. § 51.
page lxii note b Du Cange, ut supra, § 52. The “Cornucopia, sive lingue Latine commentarii,” was frequently printed; the first edition being that given at Venice in 1489.
page lxii note c Du Cange, prsef. § 51, notices the Gemma Vocabulorum published at Deventer in 1502, or, according to Maittaire, Ann. Typ., t. i. p. 728, in 1500. There may, however, have been more than one such work, somewhat similar in title and not readily to be distinguished. Among MSS. bequeathed by Junius to the Bodleian occurs—“Gemma Gemmarum, Dictionarium Latino-Germanicum.” Catal. MSS. Angl., t. i. p. 252. We find the “Vocabularius optimus Gemma Vocabulorum dictus; editio aueta sub titulo Gemma Gemmarum;” Argent. 1505, and also an edition printed at the same place in 1518, “Dictionarium quod Gemma Gemmarum vocant,” &c. but called “Vocabularius Gemma gemmarum” in the colophon. Panzer and Brunet cite several editions also of the “Vocabulorum Gemmula,” the two earliest being those printed at Antwerp in 1472 and 1487.
page lxiii note a An account of the literary labors of Ascensius is given by Maittaire, Vit. Stephanorum, pp. 17, 109. His treatises “De Epistolis” and “De Orthographia Latinorum dictinnum” were included in a collection published in 1501, to which he prefixed a preface “ex officina nostra litteraria in Parrhis. Lutetia.” Another of his works, the “Vocabulorum Interpretation” may be found in the Opus Grammaticum of Sulpitius Verulanus, printed by Pynson, 1505, and stated to be “cum textu Ascensiano recognito et aucto.” Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. i. p. 403.
page lxiv note a See Advertisement, p. x. I recall with pleasure that my attention was directed to this remarkable MS. by a valued friend at Lincoln, the late Mr. E. J. Willson, by whom it had been cited as explanatory of a few architectural terms.
page lxv note a I do not find the sub-chanter Thomas Flower in the Fasti of Lincoln. John Flower occurs amongst the prebendaries of that church in 1571. The owner of the MS. above described may have been of Lincoln College, Oxford; Thomas Flower was one of the proctors of the university in 1519. Le Neve, edit. Hardy, vol. iii. p. 486.
page lxv note b Some curious indications occur of popular notions, -which may give a clue to the country where the author lived. We find the belief in the Ignis fatuus, which is still rife in some fenny districts, here shewn by the word “Hobb Trusse, hic prepes, hic negoeius.” In some parts of England the Will o' the wisp is known as “Hob and his Lantern,” or “Hob-thrush;” Ang. Sax. thyrs. Brockett gives “Hob thrust,” North country dialect. Again, we find “Sterne slyme, assub,” the jelly (tremella) projected according to popular belief from the stars, as noticed hereafter, p. 474. Reference to the noisy flights of wild fowl frequent in Lincolnshire or Holderness is probably found in “Gabriell rache, hic carnation:” Ratche signifies a hound; see p. 422, infra. Bishop Kennett states in his Glossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, that “in Staffordshire the coaliers going to their pits early in the morning hear the noise of a pack of hounds in the air, to which they give the name of Gabriel's Hounds, tho' the more sober and judicious take them duly to be wild geese making this noise in their flight.” Holloway gives, in his Provincial Dictionary, “Gabble ratchets, birds which make a great noise in the air in the spring evenings (North).”
page lxvii note a Of the popular treatise attributed to Æmilius Macer, a translation was made, according to Bishop Tanner and Warton, by John Lelamar or Lelarmoure, master of Hereford School, about 1373; Sloane MS. 5. A version printed by Robert Wyer, without date, describes this Herbal as “practys'd by Doctor Lynacre.” See Ames's Typ. Ant. p. 158.
page lxviii note a It may deserve notice that the “Poetria nova,” ascribed by Pits to Galfridus Grammaticus, as stated p. xviii. supra, but probably written by Galfridus Vinesauf, as Bishop Tanner observes, seems to have been regarded at this time as a production of the former. Under the word “sanguis” is the explanation—“est idem quod progenies. Unde Galfridus in Poetria, autor istius libri,—Egregius sanguis te confert Bartholomei.” If this passage, however, may be taken as referring to the Friar of Lynn, it is obvious that we must ascribe it to some later commentator, by whom additions were made to his expositio.
page lxix note a Athenaæ Oxon.; Tanner, BibL Brit. Hib., p. 412; Fuller's Worthies, &c. According to Bale and Pits, Horman was not of Oxford, but of King's College, Cambridge. See Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. vol. p. 51.
page lxix note b Described fully by Herbert, Typ. Ant. vol. i. p. 265; Dibdin, vol. ii. p. 480.
page lxix note c Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. ii. p. 286, from a copy in Mr. Johnes' library; there is a copy of this edition in the British Museum and another at Althorp.
page lxxi note a See also Sloane MS. 513, f. 139; Harl. MSS. 490, 740; a fragment in Cott. MS. Vesp. A. vi. f. 60; a MS. at All Souls' Coll. Oxford, No. 1429; Catal. MSS. Anglise; and a copy in the Public Library at Cambridge, No. 1396, but attributed to “mun seignur Gauter de Bitheswey.” Catal. of MSS. Libr. Univ. Camb. vol. iii. p. 3. Mr. T. Wright has printed numerous English glosses from this MS. in Reliquiae Ant. vol. ii. p. 78. A valuable copy formerly in the Heber Library is now in possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart. Notices of the treatise by Bibelesworth may be found in M. Génin's Preface to the edition of Palsgrave's Esclarcissement de la langue Françise, Documents inédits sur l'histoire de France, &c. Paris, 1852, p. 27.
page lxxi note b I may here refer to an elementary treatise which I have not had the opportunity of examining, preserved at Magdalen College, Oxford, No. 188, thus described by Mr. Coxe: “Institutionea linguae Gallicanse cum onomastico exemplisque Latina lingua Anglicanaquo editis. Incipit—Diccio gallica,” &c. Catal. MSS. Bibl. S. M. Magd. p. 86. It is noticed at some length by Génin, M., Introd. to Palsgrave's “Esclarcissement de la langue Francoyse,” reprinted in Coll. de Doc. Inéd. Paris, 1852, p. 29Google Scholar. A similar work, supposed by the Abbe de la Rue to have been written temp. Edw. I., may be seen in Harl, MS. 4971.
page lxxii note a This interesting fragment, date about 1300, preserved in Fairfax MS. No. 24, has been printed by Sir P. Madden; Reliquiæ Ant. vol. i. p. 134.
page lxxiii note a The volume was thus entered in the catalogue,—“B. 14, 39; Liber de Ordine Creaturarum; B. 14, 40; the Life of St. Margaret in very old English verse; Liber rhetoricus dictus Femina, et Miscell. alia.” Its value was well known through notices and fac-similes given by Hickes, Ling. Septentr. Thes. vol. i. pp. 144, 154. The Life of St. Margaret is there printed entire, pp. 224, 231, and described as “Dialecti Normanno-Saxonicæ omnium longe nobilissimum specimen;” thirteen distiches are also given from “Femina.” Some notice of the MS. is given by Sir Henry Ellis, Orig. Letters, third series, vol. ii. p. 209.
page lxxiii note b At the close of the “Femina” is a treatise of the same kind but of later date, giving phrases, idioms, and dialogues suited for the requirements of a traveller; one of these is between a person fresh from the wars of Henry V, and another who asks the news; the traveller relates the siege of Harfleur, the memorable battle of Agincourt, the deaths of the Duke of York and the Earl of Suffolk. The King, he says, is on his way home, the prisoners had reached Dover, the Londoners had gone forth to Blackheath well armed that these foreigners might see what stout men the King had left at home for the safeguard of the realm. Doubtless the arrival of Katherine of France made the study of French fashionable; the name of William Kyngesmylle, an Oxford pedagogue who kept an “ostelle” in that University, is mentioned; he may have been the author of this portion of the MS.
page lxxiv note a Bale, p. 723, gives amongst his numerous writings one entitled “De pronupciatione Gallica,” beginning—“Multi ac varii homines literati;” this is repeated by Pits, p. 745. For further notices of Barclay see Wood's Athense; Warton's Eng. Poet. sect, xxix.; Ritson's Bibliogr. Poet. p. 46.
page lxxv note a See the account of Dewes in the Introduction by M. Genin, p. 14. Weever has preserved his epitaph formerly in St. Olave's Church. See also Warton's Hist. Eng. Poet. vol. ii. sect, xxxv., where it is stated that he died in 1535. Stowe states that he was preceptor, not only to the personages of the English court above mentioned, but also to the King of France, the King of Scots, and the Marquis of Exeter. Hist. London, p. 230.
page lxxvi note a Typ. Ant. vol. iii. p. 365.
page lxxvi note b Deuxième Série, Histoire des Lettres et des Sciences, Paris, 1852, 4to. A single copy of the work was found in France in the Bibliotheque Mazarine. A reprint of the rare grammar by Giles Dewes before described is given in the same volume, and an ample Index to Palsgrave's work is a most valuable accessory to this reprint.
page lxxvi note c In a letter to Cromwell from Stephen Vaughan, who was very desirous to obtain a copy of the work, it is said that Palsgrave had instructed Pynson to sell it only to such persons as he might direct, “lest his proffit by teching the Frenche tonge myght be mynuhed by the sale of the same.” Sir H. Ellis, Orig. Letters, third series, vol. ii. p. 214.
page lxxvii note a For more full particulars regarding this remarkable scholar see Athenæ Oxon. by Bliss, vol. i. p. 122; Beloe's Anecdotes of Literature, vol. vi. p. 344; Baker's Biogr. Dramat.; Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. vol. i. p. 119; Ellis's Orig. Letters, third series, vol. ii. p. 211.
page lxxvii note b I may here notice the “Petit Vocabulaire Latin-Francais du xiiie sieele,” recently published by Chassant from a MS. at Evreux, and formerly in the library of the abbey of Lyra. It is accompanied by a short Nominale arranged by subjects. Paris, 1857, 12mo.
page lxxviii note a This may have been the work which occurs in the Inventory of the books of Mary Queen of Scots in Edinburgh Castle, 1578. “Dictionar in Frenche and Latine. Ane vther Dictionar in Frenche and Latine.” Inventaires de la royne Descosse, edited for the Bannatyne Club by Mr. Joseph Robertson, Pref. p. cxlv. contributed to the Club by the late Marquis of Dalhousie, 1863.
page lxxviii note b Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. iv. p. 18. Lowndes notices only a Dictionary in Latin and English by John Veron, newly corrected and enlarged by R. W. (Rodolph Waddington), Lond. 1575 and 1584. See also the notice by Watt. The author's name is sometimes given as Vernon; in one of his theological works he styles himself “Senonoys,” and he was probably a native of Sens.
page lxxix note a The elementary works by this teacher of languages were in much esteem. Lowndes does not mention the rare “Campo di Fior, or else the Flourie Field of foure languages, of M. Claudius Desainliens, alias Holiband;” Lond. Thos. Vautrouillier, 1583, 12mo. It contains dialogues in Italian, Latin, French, and English. In regard to early aids to the study of Italian I may cite the Italian-English Dictionary by William Thomas, 1548, as containing obsolete English words.
page lxxix note b Sir William was grandson of the Lord High Treasurer, created Baron Burghley by Elizabeth in 1571. He appears by the preface to have been well skilled in French, and may have received instruction from the author.
page lxxix note c I may here mention the useful “Alvearie, or Triple Dictionarie in Englishe, Latin, and French,” by John Baret, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Cooper's Athense Cantabr. vol. i. p. 421. It was printed by Denham in 1573, and again in 1580, with the addition of Greek to the three languages before mentioned. Several early and rare polyglot vocabularies might be enumerated as containing archaisms not undeserving of the attention of the student of our language in the Tudor age. I recall a curious “Nomenclator” in six tongues, including Latin, French, Italian, and English, Nuremberg, 1548; Joh. Daubmann; of which a copy was shewn to me by Mr. David Laing in the Signet Library at Edinburgh; the Italian is designated as “Welsch.”
page lxxx note a The Bishop died in 1728; these collections were probably compiled towards the close of the previous century, and not long after the earliest printed notice of local words, namely that published by Kay as early as 1674, but brief and meagre as compared with the MS. Glossary above cited.
page lxxxii note a Rural Economy of Norfolk, vol. ii. p. 376, published in 1787.
page lxxxii note b A short list of Norfolk provincialisms is given by Sir Thomas Browne in his “Certain Miscellany Tracts,” Lond. 1684, p. 146. Mr. Halliwell points out a Vocabulary of the xvth century written in Norfolk; Add. MS. 12,195. In Cullum's Hist, of Hawsted, 1784, a list of Suffolk words may be found. I have frequently cited the “Points of good Husbandry” by Tusser, whose quaint verses, first published in 1557, are full of illustrations of East Anglian dialect and of words occurring in the Promptorium. I cannot omit to mention a recent Version of the Song of Solomon in Norfolk dialect, by the Rev. Edward Gillett, Vicar of Runham, a diligent collector of relics of the ancient vernacular of his county.
page lxxxiii note a “Latin-English and English-Latin Lexicography,” by the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor (Librarian of the Public Library of the University of Cambridge), Journal of Ancient and Sacred Philology, vol. iv. 1857.
page lxxxiii note b I may refer to the Bibliographical List of works illustrative of the Provincial Dialects of England, by John Russell Smith, Lond. 1839, in which various volumes occasionally cited in the notes and not enumerated above will be found. The numerous additions to this class of philological literature render an enlarged edition of Mr. Russell Smith's useful Hand-list very desirable.
page lxxxiii note c Probably for Walleis or Waleys, as he is sometimes called. Leland cites several of his treatises on the authority of Leander Albertus, de Viris Illustr., lib. iv. It may be well to notice that there was a writer of an earlier period, Johanna Guallensis, a Franciscan of Worcester, about 1260, of whose voluminous works see Bale, p. 817, Pits, p. 342; some confusion seems to have arisen in regard to his writings and those of Thomas Guallensis. There was moreover another Thomas, professor of theology at Oxford, in the time of Henry III., elected Bishop of St. David's in 1247.
page lxxxiv note a Bale, Script. Bryt. p. 406; Pitseus, de Illustr. Ang. Script, p. 429.
page lxxxv note a Pits, p. 749, writes in commendation of the erudition of Brigham, of his repute as a lawyer, historian, poet, and antiquary. In 1555 Brigham caused the remains of Chaucer to he removed to the chapel of St. Blaise in Westminster Abbey, and deposited in the marble tomb which bears a Latin verse composed by him. See Wood's Athenæ.