Diary and Itinerary

doi:10.1017/S2042169900015789

^{page ciii note *} Pp. x. xl.

^{page ciii note †} The eels were stuck by the head upon a stick.

^{page ciii note ‡} “Laid out,” is unders tood here.

^{page civ note *} Roll, pp. 3, 4.

^{page civ note †} Id. Oct. 9, 11, 20.

^{page civ note ‡} Roll, pp. 6, 7.

^{page cv note *} Tax. P. Nich. p. 168.

^{page cv note †} MSS. Collections for Herefordshire. Blount. Hill.

^{page cv note ‡} Macpherson, Annals of Commerce, i. p. 441.

^{page cv note §} Roll, Oct. 14, 28.

^{page cv note |} Reg. Cantil. f. 24 b. This continued till the reign of Elizabeth, when the premises were leased, and much of it seems to have been destroyed. But “sufficient fewel of the said grosse Tymbre” was reserved to be spent at the palace of Hereford during the time of the then Bishop's abode. Butterfield MS. f. 178 b.

^{page cvi note *} Reg. Swinf. ff. G3 a, b, 68 b.

^{page cvi note †} APP. VI.

^{page cvi note ‡} These statements are brought in at the end of the Bosbury account, Dec. 16.

^{page cvi note §} Roll, Oct. 21.

^{page cvi note |} Bosbury lays claim to high antiquity. Silas Taylor asserts that a market was formerly held there. MSS. Harl. 6726, f. 166 b. And the inhabitants quote with some exultation aa old saying, that “Bosbury was a town ere Hereford was a city.”

^{page cvi note ¶} These particulars and the inscription are given on the authority of a letter from Mr. Reece, the discoverer, to Mr. Clarke, the secretary of Lord James Beauclerk, Bishop of Hereford, in which he requests permission to remove the stone to the chancel, where probably it had first been placed. MSS. Collect, for Herefordsh. The commendable care of the present incumbent, the Rev. J. H. Underwood, has done what could be done to protect and preserve it, by fixing it in the southern wall, near the Morton chapel: but it appears in the last stage of decay.

^{page cvii note *} Roll, p. 71 b.

^{page cvii note †} Id. Oct. 23, 24, 25.

^{page cvii note ‡} Oct. 23, Nov. 15, 17, Dec. 1.

^{page cvii note §} Nov. 15.

^{page cvii note |} Roll, Dec. 1. They used malt liquor in preserving these materials. When the Dowager Countess of Pembroke made up her larder at Goodrich castle against Christmas, on the Tuesday after the feast of Saint Hilary, 25 Ed. I. the exitus of thirty-three oxen and eighty pigs were put into 104 gallons of ale bought for the purpose. Roll, Chapter House, Westminster.

^{page cvii note ¶} Nov. 23.

^{page cviii note *} Roll, Nor. 15.

^{page cviii note †} Nov. 1.

^{page cviii note ‡} Nov. 2, 13, 15, 16.

^{page cviii note §} The boundaries of the chase, in its length and breadth, long since forgotten, though some of the names of places still survive, were thus determined by the jury in Cantilupe's time. Memorandum quod die Mortis post dominicam in passione domini anno gratiæ M°. cc°. Ixxvij°. transiebat ultima inquisilio de Chacea Malverniæ apud Brisenyate pro domino Thoma Herefordensi Episcopo contra Gilbertum de Clare tune cornitem Glouceslriæ, coram Radulpho de Hengham, Waltero de Helyon etpiciis (q. pads vel pluribus ?) justiciariis domini Regis. |Chacea domini Episcopi Herefordinsis de Malvern eoctendit se in latitudine in parte superiori per comam montis ibidem a Prommes-walle usque ad le Dedeorle, et de le Dedeorle ad ilium finem in latitudine directa usque ad Cheuernissh pole ; et de Ckeuernissh pole in inferiori parte jacet in longitudine de Estenore, et de Estenore usque Ruggewey, et de Ruggewey usque Ffroglone, et de Ffroglone usque ad Bertonesyale, et de Bertonesyate usque ad le Brodeleye lenendo semper allam viam regalem usque ad Prommeswell. Registr. Joan. Trefnant. Ep. Heref. ff. 131 b, 132 a. Another later and more particular version of these limits is given by Swithin Butterfield, in his survey taken in 1577 and 1578. MS. f. 103 b. Malverne Chace. Perambuialio Chaciæ Malverniæ pertinentis ad Episcopatum Herefordensem : viz. lnprimis, incipiendum apud Primeswell, ascendendo ad comam montis, et sic usque Baldcyate, et de Baldeyate per fossatum usque Brustenyate, et de Brustenyate usque Swyneyate, et de Swyncyate usque Shakellyate, et de Shakellyate tisque Dead orle, et de Dead orle usque Chaylemersh poole, et de Chaylemersh pooie usque Clengfores myll, et deinde ad ecclesiam de Estnor, et de ecclesia de Eslnor per Ruggeweye usque Ffroglone, et de Ffroglone usque porlam de Barton, tisque Brodeley, et sic iterato usque frimeswell. The claim of Gilbert de Clare stood thus: it has often been mentioned in general, but the limits of it are here defined: Gilbertus de Clare comes Gloucestriæ usurpavit et attraxit sibi et furestm sum de Malvernia liberam chaciam domini Episcopi Herefordensis, viz. a summitale montis Malverniæ usque ad molendinum vocatmn Gtenchemille., et ex altera parte usque ad Bradley et Collewall; quie quidem chaeea pertinebat ad manerium de Ledebury. Reg. Trefnant, ut supra. One John Deynte, a descendant probably of that family to which Swinfield's squire belonged, made a fruitless attempt to establish a right of hunting in the chase in Bishop Trefnant's time. The Bishop proved that it was given to the see by Mereduth, one of the old princes of Wales. Ibid.

^{page cix note *} Roll, Nov. 1, 17, 27. Dors. p. 181.

^{page cix note †} The cook had a lantern in his kitchen window at Goodrich Castle. Pembroke Roll, ut supra, 25 Ed. I. That servants were allowed the use of candles might be admitted from the necessity of the case, but is established by the exception that the writer of Fleta makes as to those who drove and had the care of oxen. They were wisely forbidden to have them among the straw of their stalls. Apparently diverting himself with his own legal phraseology, then as now in use among the profession, he strongly reprobates the practice, which, “as the saying is, is not to be borne.” Part of his summary of the requisites in this class of farm servants in that age is expressed with such a charming simplicity of feeling, and is altogether so graphic, that in the editor's humble estimation it merits to be recalled from its obscurity, p. 166. |De fugatoribus carucarum, c. 78. 111. |Fugatorum ars est, ut boves ceque sciant conjunctos fugare, ipsos non percutiendo, pungendo, sell gravando. |2. Non enim esse debent melancholiei, net iracundi, sed gavisi, canttmtes et lætabundi, ut per melodias el cantica boves in suis laboribun quodammodo delectentur; ipsisque foragium et prmbendam deferre, ipsosque debent amare, et noctanter cubitare cum eisdem, ipsosque prurire, striliare, forcare, bene in omnibus custodire, &C. … nec quod candelam habeant, prout dictum est, sustinealur. No one could have written this passage but he that knew the temper and management of the harnessed ox. Not the slightest intimation is given in the roll of the teams, for which Herefordshire has since been so famous.

^{page cx note *} Roll, Nov. 17.

^{page cx note †} A similar notice is found ia the Countess of Pembroke's roll on Tuesday before the feast of St. Martin, 25 Ed. I.

^{page cx note ‡} Nov. 14, 21, 28. Dec. 5, 13, 19.

^{page cx note §} Roll, Dec. 3. In the same way the Countess of Pembroke had a pipe of wine for her private use from Bristol up the Wye to Monmouth, and sent an attendant to take care of it. She also bought salted venison at Bristol, and had it by the same conveyance. Roll, ut supra. When Henry III. in 1223, was marching into Wales, he ordered 20 casks that his constable at Bristol had bought of Ernaldus de Mas, a merchant, to be forwarded after him to his army at Montgomery, about the feast of Saint Matthew the Apostle. These casks were brought to Monmouth, and thence sent on with all dispatch by land to Hereford, and deposited till further orders in some building fit for their reception in Hereford Castle ; they were forwarded by the Sheriff of Hereford to Shrewsbury early in October; and must have been well shaken by the time they arrived at their journey's end. Rot. Litt. Claus. 7 Hen. III.

^{page cxi note *} It belonged to the priory of Deerhurst. Atkyns.

^{page cxi note †} Roll, Dec. 17, Feb. 23, de instauro Bosebur', Apr. 1, et seq. June 2, July 11.

^{page cxi note ‡} Oct. 9. Side note, p. 7.

^{page cxi note §} Dec. 16. Some of the king's hounds were guilty of the same kind of misdemeanour about this time, 18 Ed. I. Thomelin de Corbet, one of his falconers, went out with some companions towards Burford, and elsewhere, in the marches, to train a girfalcon to fly at cranes, taking with them sundry leporarii and braconarii. The leporarii contrived to kill three sheep by the road, and nine pence per head damages for them were charged to his majesty in his wardrobe accounts. Pro restauro Irimn bidentium quos leporarii regis occiderunt in dido itinere, 2s. 3d. Rymer, Add. MSS. Brit. Mus. 4734, f. 253. And thus neither Bishop nor King were above the law.

^{page cxi note |} Dors. | 46 a.

^{page cxii note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 63 a. This Kingescote was he concerning whom the visitor and masters of Oxford university had disputed ; and it is stated in the entry of his institution that he was at that time vice-chancellor ; though another was afterwards appointed. See ante, p. lxix. and Dors. p. 150.

^{page cxii note †} Reg. Swinf. f. 63 a.

^{page cxii note ‡} Id. f. 63 b. See the citation to the Bishop's first ordination in App. xxi.

^{page cxii note §} Capellanus, a curate, according to Fleetwood. Chron. Prec. p. 132.

^{page cxii note |} Reg. Swinf. ut supra.

^{page cxii note ¶} Dors. | 24.

^{page cxiii note *} Dors. | 31.

^{page cxiii note †} The Editor here avails himself of an opportunity to acknowledge the kindness of the Rev. Lambert B. Larking, who from his extensive and accurate information respecting the families of Kent has corrected the suggestions in p. 122 of the Endorsement respecting Dane, Dene, and Oxdene; and has shewn, by extracts from the pedigree of Oxenden of Dene in Wingham, that these were connected by marriage with the Denes of Dene, and that the latter also intermarried with the Shelvings of Shelving in Barham. The evidences of these facts are not of a nature to find a place in this note; but they in some measure account for the introduction of these names among those who received favours from the Bishop ; and, could some additional and direct proof be obtained of his family having been linked with them, it would help us to understand his liberality towards them.

^{page cxiii note ‡} Dors. | 22.

^{page cxiii note §} Id. | 10, 11.

^{page cxiii note |} P. lxix.

^{page cxiv note *} Dors. | 31.

^{page cxiv note †} Tax. P. Nichol. f. 168.

^{page cxiv note ‡} Once only he appears for four days at Ross. This might be accidental ; but some of the townsmen were litigious with him. Men and horses are often sent from Bosbury to Hereford, but it seems as though the Bishop had no household or furnished stabling there, for the expenses both of man and horse are placed upon the accounts; and when he went to Hereford himself, on Palm Sunday, he did not dine at the palace, and brought hay with him from Sugwas. Mar. 26.

^{page cxiv note §} It was the custom of the bishops to hold ordinations in the different large churches of the diocese at their discretion : that of Ledbury was well adapted to the purpose. The candidates were often very numerous. Cantilupe held a crowded ordination in the capacious old church of Leominster, on the Saturday next before the feast of Saint Matthew the Apostle, in the year 1277. There were present who received the order of subdeacon 35, of deacon 37, of priest 27, besides 12 rectors ordained on that day. A list is added of nearly 100 rectors besides; who, as it seems, had been cited, but failed to make their appearance. Reg. Cantil. ff. 41 b, 42 a. This is a proof how many persons in those times had been admitted to hold benefices before they had attained the rank of priest. It was one point of abuse that Cantilupe laboured to reform.

^{page cxiv note ¶} Tax. P. Nichol. f. 160 b.

^{page cxv note *} Taxatio P. Nichol. p. 160 b.

^{page cxv note †} Tanner. Reg. Cantil. f. 20 b.

^{page cxv note ‡} Reg. Swinf. f. 63 b.

^{page cxv note §} Roll, 31, 33, 35.

^{page cxv note |} Observe the frequent per præpositum. Roll, Dec. 25, et seq.

^{page cxv note ¶} Dec. 19.

^{page cxv note **} Sept. 30, Dec. 3.

^{page cxvi note *} Exempl. MS. Perambul. Forestæ de Dene, 28 Ed. I.

^{page cxvi note †} Tanner.

^{page cxvi note ‡} The name of this prior is very frequently repeated in the register of the house. Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. 15. 668. His style and title ran thus : Prater Symon de Goupilliariis, prior, cuslos seu ballivus de Newent, ac procurator Abbatis et conventus de Cormeliis, Lexoviensis diocesis, in Anglia generalis. He had a dispute with John de Sceluing, rector of Ross, respecting some tithes in that parish about this time. But they came to an amicable agreement before the Bishop in his hall at Colwall. July 30, 1290. Reg. Swinf. f. 65 b.

^{page cxvi note §} The horse-load, seam, or sum of 100 pounds, by which so many saleable articles were measured or weighed, was a rude contrivance suited to miserable roads, over which no wheels could make a way, and has been always adopted in mountainous districts. Within fifty years, in the recollection of the editor, great part of the coal that came out of the forest of Dean to the town of Ross, was brought in this way down the rugged sides of that elevated land, on mules and asses, or small horses. But the wealth and traffic of this island have effected nowhere greater changes in its roads than in the British trackways of this intricate region. Sumpters have disappeared before increased facilities of conveyance, and are now chiefly employed in the counties of Hereford and Monmouth in bringing charcoal to the iron works from the woods of the interior of the country.

^{page cxvii note *} Among those that were sent to the Tower of London were, Frater Thomas de Tholouse, miles, preceptor apud Huppeleden, and Frater Thomas le Chamberleyn frater apud Huppeleden, per 5 annos. Wilkins, Concilia Magn. Brit. II. 346.

^{page cxvii note †} They had two preceptories in Herefordshire, Upleden and Garway. The preceptor who dwelt here with a brother or two, according to the size and revenues of the estate, was governor of the house and receiver of the rents. In this country place they lived formally by their rules ; and, though their numbers must have been small, a table was kept for the squires, and they had a chapel and officiating priest of their own. Among the many corrodies and annuities bestowed on their dependants about this time, the following relate to this establishment. Guydo de Foresta, grand master, with the consent of his chapter at Dynnislee, Dec. 1292, granted to Richard de la Felde, chaplain, for his service, a perpetual maintenance at the table of the squires, in the house of the Temple at Upleden, for his life, on condition of his discharging the office of a priest as long as he was able, and an annual salary of twenty shillings from the preceptor for wages; and when incapacitated by age or weakness from officiating, he was to have the same advantages as any one of the brethren. Documents Illustrative of English History in the 13th and 14th Cent. London. 1844. p. 154. At a chapter held under the same grand master, at the same place, and on the same day, in 1294, a grant was made o t Walter Childe of a yearly stipend of twenty shillings for his life, to be received from the said preceptor at Michaelmas and Easter, and a cast-off supertunic of the preceptor or a brother of the place at Christmas. Id. p. 75. William de la More, the last grand master in England, in the same manner, in 1300, granted to John, parson, of Garway, for his service during life, perpetual maintenance at Upleden, at the squire's table, a dress and five shillings annually as long as he should be able to serve ; and after superannuation to have his victuals somewhere in the court (in aliquo loco cur'), and only five shillings per annum. Id. p. 155. But, while the knights themselves had an officiating chaplain, and enjoyed peculiar privilege as a society in exemption from episcopal visitations and censures, their tenants were not excused from parochial dues. An instance of this occurred at Upleden in 1303, which exemplifies somewhat minutely the nature of the claim called a mortuary. Joan wife of William de la M'se, their customary farmer, having deceased, William de Malvernia, vicar of Bosbury, previous to her interment, claimed as a mortuary the second best animal upon the farm, according t o the custom of this parish and the whole diocese of Hereford. M'se at first resisted it, alleging that only the third best was due, as he had but six cattle in all ; and that he would obey no order but that of the preceptor of the house. The Bishop (Swinfield) therefore wrote to the Grand Master and brethren assembled in provincial chapter, to command their customary to desist from his wrongful opposition, and render to the church her due. Accordingly they appointed the brethren, William de la Forde, preceptor of Balsall, and John de Coningestone, preceptor of Guiting, with brother Hugh de Tad caster, preceptor of Upleden, to treat and determine with the Bishop concerning it. These after diligent inquiry into all the circumstances came to Swinfield at Bosbury and affirmed that their order had nothing to do with the matter ; but that it was the per sonal concern of William, a parishioner of the church of Bosbury; and therefore for themselves and the brethren they threw it entirely upon the conscience of the Bishop to decide, who, having called a number of discreet persons to his assistance, gave sentence in the parish church of Bosbury, according to law and custom, in the presence of Hugh the preceptor and many others, that on the death of a woman during the life of her husband, he ought to give the second best animal in bis stock to God and Holy church. Pursuant to this decree William de la M'se aforesaid drew out the best of his oxen for his own use, and gave the second best to William the vicar, for his deceased wife; by reason that his only horse was hardly worth six shillings sterling ; whereas the first ox was worth by common estimation eight, and the next seven shillings sterling. Keg. Swinf. f. 144 b. The many disputes that arose between the clergy and their parishioners on this point gave rise to that constitution of Archbishop Winchelsey, which settled it precisely in the above mode. He died in 1313. The title of it is, Si decedens tria aut plura reliquerit animalia, et optimum alteri sit debitwtn; sit proximi valoris ipsius ecclesiæ. Provinc. Gul. Lyndwood, p. 184 a. Both the Templars and their successors the Hospitallers had a sanctuary here as well as at their other houses, and instances might have been given of criminals having fled to them for refuge, in particular to Upleden. But this discursive note has already exceeded its limits.

^{page cxviii note *} Atkyns, p. 176.

^{page cxix note *} Chron. of Glouc. Abbey under John de Gamages. Cujus facies, observes an annalist, even in death, adeo læta apparebat et rulea, ac si eum nulla infirmitas tetigisset. Ann. Wigorn. Angl. Sacra, i. 529.

^{page cxix note †} Roll, Dec. 9, Dors. | 31.

^{page cxix note ‡} In 1226 a bridge was built at Gloucester with timber from the forest of Dean. Rot. Litt. Claus. p. 100 b. 10 Hen. III.

^{page cxix note §} Atkyns, p. 317, considers that it was called Prestbury “because it was a town belonging to priests.”

^{page cxx note *} Tax. p. Nich. f. 177.

^{page cxx note †} The way in which they got footing there may be seen in the life of Betun, Angl. Sacra. II. 313. For a privilege of pasture see Apr. p. 217. Tax. P. Nich. f. 232.

^{page cxx note ‡} So at least in Atkyns' time. There is still what is called the park.

^{page cxxi note *} Dors. | 25.

^{page cxxi note †} Id. |11.

^{page cxxi note ‡} Id. | 24.

^{page cxxi note §} The Editor is aware that, according to strict rule, an antiquary can have little to do with hypothetical beings or imaginary things ; though the imagination be so auxiliary to the production of any impression from a meagre document like that in hand. Adhering to the text he has indulged sparingly in what might have been, and still more so in what must have been or occurred, leaving it to the judgment of the reader ; and holds himself open to deserved correction if he should have transgressed where he has desired to keep within bounds.

^{page cxxii note *} Wikes, quoted in p. lxxxvii.

^{page cxxii note †} Atkyns, p. 189.

^{page cxxiii note *} This is fairly inferable from two passages in Dors. |24, 25. This Abbat, or his successor, William de Sutton, was entertained in return by my lord's order, during his absence, at the manor-house of Ledbury. Dors. | 39 c.

^{page cxxiii note †} The affection of William of Malmesbury breaks out in his description of this abbey and its inmates. He styles the house pene omnium itinerantium ad populosiores urbes Angliæ diversorium. The monks præclarum sanclitatis exemplum, hospitaliiatis indefessæ et dulcis indicium.; and of the resort to it, videas ibi, quod, non alibi, et plus hospites totis horis venientes, quam inhabitantes, insumant. Gul. Malmesb. Histor. a. 1119, 1. 4.

^{page cxxiii note †} The abbey had been in debt from 37 Hen. III. and continued so till 8 Ed. II. Dugdale, Mon. last edit. IV. 30.

^{page cxxiii note ‡} Dors. |31.

^{page cxxiii note ¶} In p. 21 of the Roll, note d, it is stated that at Earley “the Bishops of Hereford had a manor.” This should be corrected to “Cantilupe and Swinfield, Bishops of Hereford, sometime had a manor.” The circumstances under which they held it, but not as appertaining to the see, will be seen in p. cxxx infra.

^{page cxxiv note *} They had no fish here, though it was a Wednesday. The stock that they brought out with them was exhausted on the previous Saturday. Sheep were eleven pence per carcase at Bedfont, or Cookham. Roll, Jan. 4.

^{page cxxiv note †} Roll, Jan. 7, 14.

^{page cxxv note *} There was a chapel of St. Mary belonging to it, which was afterwards converted into a parish church by the title of St. Mary Montalt. The Bishop had the presentation. Swinfield instituted Richard de Leuesham, priest, to it in 1300. Reg. Swinf. f. 128b. The church was burnt in the fire of London, 1666, and never rebuilt; and the parish was annexed to St. Mary Somerset. Maitland, Hist, of London, II. c. 1142.

^{page cxxv note †} Stowe. In the time of Bishop Scory there were three messuages or tenements upon Lambert hill, within the parish of St. Mary Monthault, on the western side of the garden appertaining to the capital messuage. It was leased, 11 Eliz. to Edward Ffines, lord Clinton and Say, earl of Lincoln. Butterfield MS. 213, 214.

^{page cxxv note ‡} The lease particularly provides for stowage of wine. Hamon de Chiggewell, to whom it was granted in 1311, occupies an important place in the city annals. See the reference in APP. V. He was a pepperer, i. e. a grocer, and a moneyed man. Bishop Orleton borrowed of him, and gave him his bond. Reg. Orleton, f. 18 a.

^{page cxxv note ‡} Dors. |17, 18.

^{page cxxv note |} Roll, Jan. 12, 13.

^{page cxxvi note *} The peaeock, according to a previous remark, p. 1, comes in no where ; but it was kept for amusement. Not long after this one is found where it might least be expected, exhibiting its gay plumage in the woodland retirement of Acornbury priory. It was a present from the Countess of Pembroke to the prioress, Catherine de Gamages. Pembroke Roll, 25 Ed. I. u t supra.

^{page cxxvi note †} There was an oven at the inn, and the fuel for heating it during their short stay cost a considerable sum, 58. Id. Roll, Jan. 14.

^{page cxxvi note ‡} Salt herrings, the staple resource of the fasters, were not so high in price at London as they were in the country. Bristol, however, was the best market for them, as far as our present authority has yet shewn. They were both white and red. The latter brought most money. Roll, Dec. 3. Of fresh herrings no mention is now made; but it may be learned from an anecdote related of Antony a Bek, of Durham, that they were once at least enormously dear at a meeting of Parliament; and that he bought forty at a shilling a-piece when no man of rank would venture to give such a price. Nil ei carum erat, quod ejus gloriam magnificare posset. Pro XL. halecibus recentiius XL. solidos Londoniee semel solvit; aliis magnatibus tune in parliamento ibi consistentibus pro nirnia caristia emere non curantidus. And yet he did not launch into this extravagance for his own appetite, which he was far from indulging : ad salielatem vix comedit. Greystanes, Hist. Dunelm. c. xiv. Angl. Sacra. I. 746.

^{page cxxvii note *} Roll, Jan. 14, side note at Jan. 12.

^{page cxxvii note †} Id. Jan. 9.

^{page cxxvii note ‡} J Dors. | 23.

^{page cxxvii note §} Id. |1 to 6.

^{page cxxvii note |} Id. |26.

^{page cxxvii note ¶} Id. | 41, 26.

^{page cxxvii note **} Id. | 39 a, b.

^{page cxxviii note *} Dors. | 4.

^{page cxxviii note †} Id. | 32, 39 b.

^{page cxxviii note ‡} Id. | 14, 16.

^{page cxxviii note §} Listen to them.

^{page cxxviii note |} Piers Ploughman. Passus Septimus.

^{page cxxix note *} These excuses were mostly made upon his infirmity, as in APP. NO. IX. yet he struggled hard against it. In July 1295 he was unable to be present at a Congregation held in the New Temple about the middle of the month, being at Bosbury, very ill. In the following month, however, lie was at Hoxton, near London; but returned to his diocese, and was again summoned to a parliament in November. He went up from Bosbury through Prestbury, and when he had reached Wantage was taken so ill that he could proceed no further. Reg. Swinf. if. 114 b, 115 a.

^{page cxxix note †} On the site of this manor-house Holland House was afterwards built by Sir Walter Cope, father-in-law to Henry Rich, Earl of Holland. Lysons, Environs of London, III. 172, 175.

^{page cxxix note ‡} Dors. |33, 16.

^{page cxxx note *} Lib. Nig. Scacc. Hearne, p. 188. It was some time held of Robert fitz Peter, as mesne lord, afterwards evidently in capite.

^{page cxxx note †} For the sale and purchase of the marriage alliances of royal wards, see Green's Lives of the Princesses, II. 248.

^{page cxxx note ‡} A curious little memorandum, concerning the receipt for payment of part of this money, reveals the sort of hiding-places in which evidences were kept. It was in a chest at the back of the high altar in St. Paul's ; at the reredos. Memorandum, quod depositæ fuerunt duæ talliæ per dominum Willielmum de Ffaukeburn' el Johannem de Clare de solutione centum librarum pro Arleye, in ecclesia Sancti Pauti Londoniæ, videlicet, in quodam parvo forcerio de corio existente in quadam cista stante retro magnum altare ecclesiæ memoratæ. In qua alia res domini deponuntur; cujus cistæ davis penes dominum W. de Ffaulceburn' tune temporis residebat. Reg. Cantil. f. 52 a.

^{page cxxx note §} Reg. Swinf. f. 54 b.

^{page cxxx note |} Roll, Jan. 22.

^{page cxxx note ¶} Reg. Swinf. ff. 47 a, b. 76 b.

^{page cxxx note **} In a contract for sale of the wardship and marriage of John and Margery de Mathefeld to Adam de Credela (Cradley), in 1302, it was stipulated that de Credela should repair the cow-house, and keep up the other bulidings, and restore them whem the parties came of lawful age to as competent a state as they came into his hands, paying due and customary service to the Bishop of Hereford. Reg. Swinf. f. 138 a.

^{page cxxxi note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 121b

^{page cxxxi note †} Dors. |78.

^{page cxxxi note ‡} Roll, Jan. 16, 18, 23, 24, 25 ; Feb. 23.

^{page cxxxi note §} Macpherson, Annals of Commerence, I. 432.

^{page cxxxi note |} Dors. | 27.

^{page cxxxii note *} Roll, Jan. 24, 27, 28. Dors. | 25.

^{page cxxxii note †} Dors. | 38. APP XI. 2.

^{page cxxxiii note *} Roll, Dec. 3 ; July 11. The Bishop of Hereford was not the only cultivator of the vine at Ledbury. In after times the descendants of Bishop Skipp, at the Upper Hall in that parish, had a vineyard on their estate. Towards the end of the 17th century, George Skipp, Esq. made both white and red wine from his plantation. He died in 1690. The Editor has often seen the site on which the vines grew.

^{page cxxxiii note †} Gibson, Codex, p. 958, note c, referring to the year 787.

^{page cxxxiii note ‡} Circurneant Dioceses suas temporibus opportunis, corrigendo et reformando ecclesias, et consecrando et verlmm Dei seminando in agro dominico. Constitut. Othon. Lyndvfood, pp. 56 et seq.

^{page cxxxiv note *} See this case in APP. NO. XXII.

^{page cxxxiv note †} See Dansey, Horee Decanicse Rurales, I. 204, and references.

^{page cxxxv note *} He turned the prior out of his chamber; and it seems like an aggressive act, that need not have been committed, if then, as since, the Bishop had a palace hard by the cathedral. Annal. Wigorn. Angl. Sacra, I. 511. For remedy of such encroachments it had been provided by the Lateran council, under Pope Alexander III. a. 1167, that archbishops should travel, according to circumstances (pro diversitate provinciarum et facultalibus ecclesiarum), with forty or fifty horses ; bishops, with twenty or thirty; cardinals, with never more than twenty ; archdeacons, with five or seven; and rural deans were to be content with two. When procurations were afterwards commuted into a monetary charge, an archdeacon received seven shillings and sixpence for himself, and one shilling and sixpence for his horse; and for any other horse and his rider twelve-pence. The number of servants to take care of the horses became a subject of nice calculation. Some thought one groom on foot to a horse and rider sufficient; others, one to three horses ; a third allowance was only one to two horses and thei r riders. These are the minute observations of Lyndwood upon a constitution of Archbishop Stephen relating to archdeacons' visitations. He refers it, however, to the custom of the country. In England mounted servants usually were in attendance ; and he concludes upon the whole that two persons were enough for the care of seven horses. Such is the gravity with which minor points are discussed in the glosses upon ecclesiastical law. Provinciale, Lib. III. Tit. 22, f. 220 a.

^{page cxxxvi note *} Hallam, State of Europe, III. 171. Cole, Documents illustrat. of English History, preface, xi.

^{page cxxxvi note †} This has been ascertained since the note e, p. 59, of the Roll, was written.

^{page cxxxvi note ‡} Constitut. Othoboni, Tit. 22. De appropriationibus Ecclesiarum, f. 121 b. Ed. Oxon. 1679. The words are in guiius recipi possint honeste visitantes. On the expression honeste John de Atho gives this curious gloss. Cum privata Garderoba, et cum Chaiminice secundum usum Gallicorum. This, if rightly interpreted, as signifying chimneys, appears to refer the invention of that convenience to the French ? De Atho nourished about 1290.

^{page cxxxvii note *} Taxat. P. Nich. ff. 171 b, 175 b.

^{page cxxxvii note †} When John, Abbat of Wigmore, resigned in 1296, on account of age and disability to rule the house, the kind consideration of the brethren provided, among other indulgences, that he should always have a cresset burning in his chamber at night. Reg. Swinf. f. 116 b. The dowager Countess of Pembroke and her daughter-in-law, Beatrice, were each of them in the habit of burning one in their chambers at Goodrich Castle ; it lasted a week. Pembroke Roll, ut supra.

^{page cxxxvii note ‡} Atkyns, 175 b.

^{page cxxxvii note §} It is a fact worth rescuing from obscurity, with reference to this place, that Isabella, the unworthy consort of Edward II., after his death, designed to rebuild the church, if she did not actually accomplish it, as appears by the license granted for it by Bishop Chorleton, the successor of Orleton. | Licentia concessa dominæ Isabellæ Reginæ Angliæ pro construclione cujusdam ecclesiæ. | Memorandum, quod 23 die Junii ibidem (sc. apud Prestbury), domirms concessit literatorie licentiam specialem excellentissimæ dominæ, dominæ Isabellæ, reginæ Angliæ, quod posset construere de novo in parochia de Churcheham infra fines et limiles Herefordensis dioceseos quamdam ecclesium, quantum in ipso erat, absque ipsius prcejudieio vel alterius ctijuscunque. Reg. Thomæ Chorleton, f. xxvii. a. in 1329. This, coming from one who was at the very time living in open concubinage with her paramour, will hardly gain credit for having arisen so much from the tenderness of remorse or the notion of expiation as from a politic desire of shewing outward marks of favour to the abbey in which the remains of her late husband were laid. Edward III. by granting to that house remission of certain dues, expressed his approbation of their conduct, and remunerated them for their great expense in receiving his father to an honourable sepulture, when others, St. Augustine's of Bristol, St. Mary's of Kingswood, and St. Aldhelm's of Malmesbury, were restrained from interfering through dread of the queen and Mortimer. Chron. Glouc. Abbey, under Abbat John de Thokey, who resigned in 1329.

^{page cxxxviii note *} The Cistertians were a branch of the Benedictines. Nasmith's Tanner, preface, p. ix

^{page cxxxviii note †} Reg. Swinf. f. 53 b.

^{page cxxxix note *} An instance of this is as follows. | Procurationes Episcopi. | Item, die Jovis in crastino beati Michaelis, dominus Episcupus visitavit apud Sanctum Augustinum Bristottite, et prædicavit ibi, præsentibus priore et monachis Sancli Jacobi de Bristollia, et magistro ac suis fralribus Sancti Martii de ordin', cujus thema fuit: “videam voluptatem Domini et visitem templum ejus.” Et procuratus fuit eodem die sumptibus domus. Reg. Godfr. Giffard, f. 294 b. in 1288.

^{page cxxxix note †} Tax. P. Nichol. f. 161 b. Joan, widow of William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, recovered her right of presentation to it against William Paynel, Nov. 9, 30 Edw. I. Reg. Swinf. f. 133 b.

^{page cxxxix note ‡} Atkyns, 122.

^{page cxxxix note §} Reg. Swinf. f. 48 b. Tax. P. Nichol. 161 b.

^{page cxxxix note a} Ps. xxvi. 4, Vulg. Trans.

^{page cxl note *} It is scarcely probable that he would have taken all his party to the abbey by the bridge over the estuary at Striguil (Chepstow), only to have brought them back on the following day. A. ferry below the abbey, connecting it with Woolaston, would have easily transported those who accompanied him, leaving the material lumber of his train behind. For the identity of Striguil and Chepstow see Mr. Ormerod's learned dissertation in Archseologia, XXIX.

^{page cxl note †} 1287. Conventus ecclesiæ Beatæ Maria de Tynterna intravit dictam ecclesiam ad celebrandum in nova Ecclesia. Et quinto nonas Octobris in anno seguenti conventus intravit in choro ; et prima Missa celebrata sunt (sic) ad magnum altare. Will, de Worcestre, ed. Nasmith., p. 132.

^{page cxli note *} Rot. Hundred. I. p. 176 a.

^{page cxli note †} Dugdale, Monastic, in Tintern.

^{page cxli note ‡} Rot. Parl. 18 Edw. I. p. 15, post Pascha. This was the second parliament held within the twelvemonth famous for parliaments, though they are confusedly recorded. A third was in crastino Trinitatis ; a fourth a die Sancti Michaelis.

^{page cxli note §} 14 Edw. I. Reg. Swinf. f. 48 b.

^{page cxli note |} Atkyns, p. 153 b.

^{page cxlii note *} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 161.

^{page cxlii note †} Reg. Swinf. f. 56 b.

^{page cxlii note ‡} Id. ff. 113 b, 120 a, 160 b.

^{page cxlii note §} The vicarage-house remained till the latter end of the eighteenth century.

^{page cxliii note *} Sir T. Smith, quoted by Sir F. M. Eden on the State of the Poor, 4to. 1797, vol. I. 10. Macaulay, Hist, of Engl. I. 24.

^{page cxliii note †} See the Charters of Manumission in Madox, Formul. Anglic, and those in Archæologia, XXX.

^{page cxliii note ‡} Blount, Tenures, p. 486, where a villein regardant, at Bosbury, is shewn to have had this right, and seems to have paid for it by instalments at certain periods. W. M. tenet novem acras terræ customariæ in Bosbury in com. Heref. et quoddam molendinum aquaticum ad voluniatem domini; et debet quasdam consuetudines, viz. tah et toll, et faldfey, et sanguinem suum emere.

^{page cxliv note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 135 b. |Carta domini de manumissione Roberti de Hamme de Ros et confirmatio capituli.

^{page cxlv note *} For the last traces of the system, and the injurious treatment of the sufferers under this feudal tyranny, so late as in the reign of Elizabeth, see Gentleman's Magazine, Oct. 1853, p. 371.

^{page cxlv note †} Pedigree of the Kyrle family. Heath, Excursion down the Wye, p. 21. Heraldry of Herefordshire, G. Strong, Esq. M.D. p. 70.

^{page cxlv note ‡} See p. cvii.

^{page cxlvi note *} Flagilia. J. Atho elsewhere, Comm. in Constit. Legat. f. 48 a, n, h, takes a distinction between flagitium and facinus: flagilium, delictum flagellis dignum (quæ in Deum peccaverimus), facinus, quod in hominem.

^{page cxlvi note †} Lyndwood, Provinc. L. IV. Tit. 25, p. 321. De carcerilus Episcoporum, et coercendis clericorum flagitiis. Bonifacius.

^{page cxlvi note ‡} Reg. Swinf. f. 25 a. | Pro evasione prisonum apud Ros. § Judicial inquiry ?

^{page cxlvi note |} One who held a stall in the cathedral, called the Bishop's vicarage : he was the Bishop's confessor. Hugh de Breus, the penitentiary, died in the summer of 1293. Reg. Swinf. f. 84 b.

^{page cxlvii note *} Seneschal to Cantilupe. Reg. Cant. f. 3.

^{page cxlvii note †} The article bears no date, and though it relates to Cantilupe's time is inserted in Swinfield's register, after one which is dated March 5, 1283.

^{page cxlvii note ‡} Collier, III. 112.

^{page cxlvii note §} One of these rings, with the lead by which it was soldered into the stone, in the, possession of the editor, weighs seventy-two pounds.

^{page cxlviii note *} De Bruse or Braos. He died in 1215.

^{page cxlviii note †} Reg. Swinf. f. 64 a.

^{page cxlviii note ‡} Reg. Swinf. ff. 159 a, 164 b.

^{page cxlviii note §} Inquisitio de cervo de Ros. Reg. Swinf. f. 37 a.

^{page cxlviii note |} Hownall is between Ross and Michel Dean. These notes are loosely and imperfectly expressed in the original, and merely contain the substance of the inquiry.

^{page cxlix note *} The names of places to which summons were sent have been changed to the modern spelling, but stand thus in the MS. Hulde Cnolle, Cocton, Heckenore, Ruaarden, Hope Maloysel. The whole are in the vicinity of Ross ; and if the stag passed through them, in his night, he must have run a long ring through the country.

^{page cxlix note †} Keg. Swinf. f. 64 b.

^{page cxlix note ‡} Id. f. 55 b.

^{page cxlix note §} Madox, Formul. Anglic, p. 7.

^{page cxlix note |} Roll, p. 67.

^{page cl note *} According to the Taxation. Garway is not styled a church in that Survey, though it is so called in the Roll.

^{page cl note †} Testa de Nevill, pp. 66, 71.

^{page cli note *} Liber Landav. p. 623.

^{page cli note †} They are said to have destroyed the establishment of priests or scholars founded by St. Dubritius at the Weeg, on the Wye. (Iolo MSS. p. 526.) This seems to be the same with that which existed at Llanfrother, in the parish of Hentlan, where the memory of the house and its founder is preserved. A curious custom of the peasantry springs probably from this or some still remoter age. The twelve fires on the eve of Twelfth day, kindled with great rejoicing before a pole wrapped up in straw, called the old woman, in a field that has been sowed with grain, are supposed to be the remains of some heathen ceremony derived from the Romans or Saxons, allusive to Ceres and the months, but afterwards adapted to a holiday season of the Christian year. This practice, retained from time immemorial, and not totally discontinued, is, however, now in the wane.

^{page cli note *} Great numbers of these churches were consecrated by Bishop Herwald, in the reigns of Edward the Confessor, Harold, and William I. Lib. Landav. p. 546, et seq.

^{page clii note *} The Liber Landavensis terminates with several bulls of Urban II. relative to this controversy. The result is shown in the dimensions of the dioceses ever since : the cause is rather obscurely hinted at, in the phrase per infirmitatem suam et discordiam, alluding to Herwald, the predecessor of Urban, p. 266.

^{page clii note †} The rector of Tretire was lowest upon the list : his annual income did not amount to three pounds. Tax. P. Nichol. p. 160 b.

^{page clii note ‡} A survey in the reign of Edw. III. states that six carucates of land were lying uncultivated in Saint Weonard's on account of the poverty of the parishioners. Inquisit. Nonarum, p. 150.

^{page clii note §} The complaint was against the convent of Llantony the first, which held the appropriation, and neglected to put in vicarium idoneum seu presbyterum sufficientem. Reg. Orleton, f. 17 b.

^{page cliii note *} Brampton Abbats, to the north of Ross, given to the abbey of Gloucester by William the Conqueror. In his charter to them it is called Manerium meum de Brompton cum piscaria in Waya, cum terra usque ad ripam Wayce. MS. Registr. dom. Walteri Froucester, Abbat. Glouo. f. 18. MSS. Archdeacon Furney.

^{page cliii note †} Gilberti Foliot, Abbat. Glouc. Epistolæ, a Giles, I. 81. 8°. Oxon. 1845.

^{page cliii note ‡} The little establishment of Ewyas Harold was discontinued about 1359, propter loci inquielndinem et populi circumvicini infestam inquietationem et inquielam infestationem. Appropriatio et Incorporatio Ep. Menev. de Prior, de Ewyas in Exempl. Cartul. Prioratus, p. 190. That of Kilpeck in 1126, propter loci ipsius inquietationem populique solitam infestationem, as well as on account of excessivus concursus populi ad eorum mensam. Reg. Th. Spofford, Ep. Heref. f. 120 a. Clifford priory in 1331, petitioning for the appropriation of Dorston, among other motives, alleges its losses propter hostiles incursus, and that it is so situated in iuferiuribus partibus Marchiw Walliæ, ubi quotidie multitudo confluit Wallicorum, quibus hospitalitas nequil absque periculis gravibus denegari. Reg. Chorleton, Ep. Heref. 3 a. The story of the removal of the monks from Lantony may be seen in Angl. Sacra, II. 312, and in Dugdale.

^{page cliv note *} Butterfield MS. 212 b, 236 a. It was pleaded in 20 Edw. I. that the Bishops of Hereford had certain manorial rights in Monkton and Llanwarne from time immemorial, and that some addition had been made to them in the time of Bishop Peter (Aquablanca ?). Plac. de quo Warr. p. 270 b.

^{page cliv note †} Tax, P. Nichol. p. 160 a, b.

^{page cliv note ‡} Blakeway and Owen, Hist. Shrewsb. II. 9, 10.

^{page cliv note §} Three rectors held successively the portion in this church with the chapels thereto pertaining, between the years 1275 and 1308. Master Hugh de Redclive, Master Richard de Folebrugge, and Richard de Bosebury, priest. Reg. Cantil. ff. 10 b, 11 a. Swinf. f. 163 a.

^{page clv note *} Lib. Landav pp. 453, 547.

^{page clv note †} But the fact of the actual liability, with its reason, is not distinctly or consistently shewn, and seems to have depended much on locally established custom, the origin of which cannot now be reached. Vicars seem in general to be exempt. In the number of religious houses upon which it was thrown may be seen the injurious extent of appropriations in abstracting the due maintenance of the secular working clergy.

^{page clv note ‡} Dors. |33, p. 152.

^{page clv note §} Leges Wallicæ, App. V. VI. fol. Lond. 1730. See Blakeway and Owen, I. 145.

^{page clvi note *} i. e, Llan Garway. Dugd. Monastic. VI. p. ii. 838.

^{page clvi note †} Two folio volumes are extant in the Knights' library at Malta, relating to the estates of those of the English langue. The principal officers of each nation are said to have carried off all their respective muniments when Valetta fell into the hands of the French in 1797; but these remained, and contain a survey of Garway, Upleden, Harewood, and other estates, then in possession of the Hospitallers, taken by order of brother Philip de Thame in 1338. The editor derived this information from the British Magazine, vol. V. p. 20; and is glad now to be informed that this record will be printed for the Camden Society, under the editorship of the Rev. Lambert B. Larking.

^{page clvi note ‡} See ante, p. cxvii.

^{page clvii note *} Reg. Ric. Mayhew, Ep. Heref. f. 7, et seq. In the third article of his charge against the prior, the Bishop thus lays down his right: Jus visitandi de triennio in triennium singulis annis concurrentibus, et singula loca, monasteria, prioratus, ecclesias parochiales, appropriatas, et non appropriatas, ac earum vicarias perpetuas infra præcinctum, finesque et limiles diocesis Herefordensis, ac visitationis officium in eisdem debite et ecclesiastice exercendi, necnon crimina et defectus in hvjusmodi visitations detecta canonice corrigendi, puniendi et reformandi, ac spiritualem jurisdictionem et ecclesiasticam in subditos diocesis Herefordensis prædictee exercendi, necnon ab eisdem rectoribns, proprietariisque, et vicariis ac curatis earundem jura ecclesiastica ecclesiæ Herefordensis ratione visitationis hujusmodi solita et consueta petendi, recipiendi, obtinendi et habendi.

^{page clvii note †} Butterfield MS. f. 235 a.

^{page clvii note ‡} Lib. Landav. pp. 416, 626. The best informed antiquaries have referred to the charters it contains as authentic, and they are accordingly cited without hesitation.

^{page clvii note §} Little can be learned of the condition of Irchinfield when the Danes were masters of England. They ravaged it in 918, carrying off Cameleae, Bishop of Llandaff, whom they found or pursued there. Angl. Sax. Chron. in a. 918. It suffered also severely in the reign of the Confessor from the incursion of the Welsh under Griffin and Blein. Domesday, f. 181.

^{page clviii note *} Chron. of Glouc. Abbey, in Walter de Lacy, Abbat.

^{page clviii note †} See Lewis, Illustrations of Kilpeck Church. London, 1842.

^{page clviii note ‡} In the register of Thomas Spofford, Bishop of Hereford, f. 122 a, it is styled capella sen ecclesia.

^{page clviii note §} Cal. Inquis. post Mortem, p. 151.

^{page clviii note |} Dugdale, Baron. II. 3 b, 4 a.

^{page clviii note ¶} P. 66. A Robert of this family was one of those who went out upon knight-service under Cantilupe, when Edward I. held a muster in 1277 at Worcester to go against Llywelyn. Reg. Swinf. f. 22 b. There was also a Thomas le Petit, who held by knight-service. See APP. NO. XV.

^{page clix note *} The expression, Roll, p. 67, in viciualibus deducendis in Yrchinefeud, seems to apply to this spot.

^{page clix note †} In 1211—13—14. Itinerary in Descr. of Pat. Rolls. Hardy, 8vo. 1835.

^{page clix note ‡} APP. NO. XXIII. Among other curious matters contained in this instrument a fact is established that was unknown to the parties who were most concerned to know and record it, at the time when John, Lord Viscount Scudamore, of Hom-Lacy, munificently erected Dore into a parish, repaired the dilapidated church of the monastery, and endowed the living in 1634. Gibson, View of the Ancient and Present State of Dore, &c. London, small 4to. 1727, pp. 38, 197, et seq. Neither that nobleman, nor Sir John Hoskyns, of Morehampton, who was much interested in the inquiry, on account of a tithe cause, nor after them the historian of Dore, in short no investigators, from Leland down to the learned editors of Dugdale, have been aware that the abbey had been built in the parish of Bacton.

^{page clix note §} Under Bishop Aquablanca, who issued a hortatory letter for contributions to it. Gibson, p. 188.

^{page clx note *} Gualt. Mapes, De Nugis Curial. Camd. Soc. ed. p. 39.

^{page clx note †} Camden, Brit. ed. Gibson, I. col. 686.

^{page clx note ‡} Dors. |39 c. 192 p.

^{page clxi note *} Cart. Antiq. in Turr. Lond. B.B. 14, P.P. 10, 18.

^{page clxi note †} The whole is given in Tax. P. Nichol. ff. 159 b, 172 a, b, 174, 274 b, 278, 283, 284, and the gross sum, according to their own shewing, should have amounted by fair reckoning to much more. Out of the carucates of land only one is accounted for, and it is the same with respect to the loads of haj Other religious houses did the same.

^{page clxii note *} Chron. Jocel. de Brakelonda, pp. 28, 29. Camd. Ed.

^{page clxii note †} Duncumb, I. 23 et seq.

^{page clxii note ‡} See Ordnance Map of Herefordshire.

^{page clxii note §} Reg. Swinf. f. 64 b.

^{page clxiii note *} For the words in mensa cum, signifying his being a guest, see May 3, 24, 27.

^{page clxiii note †} See p. lxiii.

^{page clxiii note ‡} Annal. Wigorn. in anno 1289.

^{page clxiii note §} Dors. p. 152.

^{page clxiii note |} Blakeway and Owen, I. 447.

^{page clxiv note *} The author of Fleta shews, |20, p. 164, that the Waltons of those days were well acquainted with the necessity of keeping these kinds apart.

^{page clxiv note †} Dors. |29a.

^{page clxiv note ‡} This was the usual sum. The king on this very day relieved by his almoner at Woodstock fifty paupers, to whom he gave a penny a piece. Household Book, 18 Edw. I. Tower.

^{page clxiv note §} It is laid down as a general axiom of the canon law, that they who could not refuse a visitor could not refuse procuration. Incumbents sometimes pleaded that they did not find that it had been paid to the visitor's predecessor. Yet this was not always available ; and the direction as to cases in which it was alleged, quod ipsi procurationem hacteius non solverunt, was peremptorily this : nisi aliud rationabile ostenderint, vos eos ad exhibendum eam, shut jus dictaverit compellutis. Gibson, Codex, f. 975.

^{page clxv note *} Some of these are set down as churches in the Taxation, but the appellation of chapels is continued in records to a much later period.

^{page clxv note †} Rymer, I. 8.

^{page clxv note ‡} Rot. Litt. Pat. 38 b. This seems to have been a shuffle to provide for two parties at once out of the living, and saddle it with a pension.

^{page clxv note §} The prior of Saint Guthlac, in the city of Hereford, once made an attempt to secure the advowson by instituting a suit against the crown in the court Christian, for which he was prosecuted. Prynne, Pap. Usurp. I. 103.

^{page clxvi note *} Dugdale, Baron. II. 2 b, 3 a.

^{page clxvi note †} Its shiftings within a short time did not end here ; but the advowson was finally fixed by Joanna de Bohun in the church of Hereford.

^{page clxvi note ‡} Rot. Hundr. 3 Edw. I.

^{page clxvi note §} Butterfield MS. f. 233 a.

^{page clxvi note |} F. 150 b.

^{page clxvi note ¶} Roll, March 28. Dors. |29 a.

^{page clxvi note **} The following particulars will be found scattered throughout the Boll from March 31 to April 9.

^{page clxvii note *} Dors. |48.

^{page clxvii note †} Id. |29a.

^{page clxvii note ‡} i. e. Colwall.

^{page clxvii note §} Roll, p. 71.

^{page clxvii note |} The farm-house north of the church continues to be called the Palace, but presents nothing remarkable either in feature or material to justify the appellation. It is a timber-house, reared upon a stone base, probably part of a more ancient building. In the framework of the windows, both on the ground floor andfirststory, are at each side two small holes, through which it is traditionally said they shot the deer. This, if it were really the case, would have been after the invention of fire-arms.

^{page clxviii note *} So called in a lease granted 4 Eliz. to John Knottsford, of Much Malvern, co. Worcester, Esq. “All and all manner his great game, deare and deares.” Butterfield MS. f. 103 b.

^{page clxviii note †} Drayton, Polyolbion, 13th Song. At force is a phrase used by our forefathers to express the hard running down of the deer, in opposition to any other mode of capturing them. Lord Surrey employs it in his Poem descriptive of Windsor.

^{page clxviii note ‡} Roll, Nov. 2.

^{page clxviii note §} Manwood, p. 49.

^{page clxix note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 63 b. The high families of de Verdun and de Genevile (or Joinville) shared between them the patronage of the church of Ludlow. Peter was nephew of Sir John, the author of the celebrated life of Saint Louis, whom he accompanied in his crusade. Geoffry, father of Peter, and great-uncle of this rector, was called Joinville de Vaucouleurs to distinguish him from the crusader. Clive, Documents connected with the Hist, of Ludlow. 8vo. 1841, pp. 32, 34. In a charter granted to the monks of Dore he styles himself Dominus de Vaucoluurs, Lib. Niger de Wigniore, f. 282 a.

^{page clxix note †} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 160b.

^{page clxix note ‡} Reg. Cantil. 65 b, 71 b.

^{page clxix note §} Dors. |31, 33.

^{page clxx note *} Dors. |9, 13, 21, 36.

^{page clxx note †} The abbreviated word is Brom'. Dors. |60 a. b.

^{page clxx note ‡} Fleta, cap. 79, p. 167.

^{page clxx note §} Ante, p. 50.

^{page clxx note |} Annal. Wigorn. in aa. 1289, 1290. Rot. 18 Edw. I. in Turr. Lond.

^{page clxxi note *} This has been already shewn, p. cii. Dors. | 29. Comm, where for 1289 read 1290; also Dors. |58.

^{page clxxi note †} Lyeidas, Milton, last line.

^{page clxxi note ‡} Taxatio P. Nichol. p. 160.

^{page clxxi note §} Dors. |49.

^{page clxxi note |} Tanner. Coningsby MSS. Sometimes, as at Llanwarne, they were called rectors.

^{page clxxi note ¶} Tn Tax. P. Nichol. p. 160, “De Salmis,” but often mentioned in Swinfield's Register by the surname of “De Cors,” f. 47 a, 117 b.

^{page clxxii note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 47 a.

^{page clxxii note †} Ant. a Wood, Gutch, I. 326. Reg. Cantil. f. 61 a.

^{page clxxii note ‡} He died in 1299. Reg. Swinf. f. 127 b. His town residence was in the cemetery of the church of Hereford.

^{page clxxii note §} Tax. P. Nichol. The preceding vicar had been William Osegod, who came to the Bishop at Bosbury, and resigned by his letters patent on the morrow after Michaelmas, 1287. Reg. Swinf. f. 44 b.

^{page clxxii note |} Roll, Oct. 9, et alibi.

^{page clxxii note ¶} If Id. June 4.

^{page clxxii note **} These had been disputed, and occasioned the wager of battle quoted before, p. xxxv.

^{page clxxii note ††} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 165 b.

^{page clxxii note ‡‡} Hugo de Domuley, the proctor in Cantilupe's time, presented Roger de Tenbury to the vicarage in 1275. He was in some difficulty in 1287, and had a process issued out against him. Reg. Swinf. f. 41 b.

^{page clxxiii note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 165 b.

^{page clxxiii note †} Household Roll, Tower.

^{page clxxiii note ‡} Reg. Swinf. f. 5 a.

^{page clxxiii note §} Lloyd, Antiq. of Shropsh. by Dukes. 4to. Shrewsbury, 1844. pp. 110 et seq.

^{page cvi note |} Reg. Swinf. f. 27 a.

^{page clxxiii note ¶} Reg. Cantil. f. 36 a.

^{page clxxiii note **} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 165.

^{page clxxiii note ††} Several ecclesiastical constitutions had been directed against this practice. See Constit. Stephani Oxon. in Provinc. Lib. III. Tit. 4, p. 134, Dom. Othon. p. 33. Cum sit ars, &c. Dom. Othob. Tit. II. Unitatem, &c. p. 100, and the glosses of Lyndwood and Atho upon them ; especially the last, here particularly pointed to in the case of Lindridge, Ne Una ecclesia in plures dividatur. For the institution of parochial vicarages, arid the establishment of vicars assistant and permanent, even where there were rectors, see Appendix to Pegge's Life of Bishop Grosseteste, No. VIII. The vicar mercenary, corresponding to the present curate, was employed by the rector, and might be dismissed by him ; the vicar perpetual was an incumbent as at this day. Atho in Constit. dom. Othon. p. 24.

^{page clxxiv note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 48 b. It may, however, be added, that this integrity came again, within a few years, to be more permanently violated by the appropriation of the great tithes (35 Ed. I.) to the prior and convent of Saint Wolstan of Worcester (Annal. Eccl. Wigorn. in a. 1305. Reg. Swinf. f. 151 b.), by special grant of the King, with consent of the Bishop of Hereford. Edward wrote a letter to his chancellor in French, directing that it might be translated into Latin, and sent by a clerk of the chancery to the chapter of Hereford. Prynne, Papall Usurp. III. 1193. AD additional instance of the employment of the French language in this reign. Ante, p. lxxi, note *.

^{page clxxiv note †} It was anciently called Alwinton. Nash, I. p. 10.

^{page clxxiv note ‡} Reg. Cantil. f. 31 b.

^{page clxxiv note §} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 165. Out of many of these benefices payments were made in other quarters. As in this instance ; the Prior of Ware was paid £2. 138. 4d. and the Prior of Conches £2. Out of Lindridge the Prior of Worcester received £6. 138. 4d.

^{page clxxv note *} He presented to the vicarage William Philippe, 28 May, 1288. It was worth £4 per ann. Reg. Swinf. f. 48 a. Tax. P. Nichol. p. 175 a.

^{page clxxv note †} Reg. Swinf. f. 64 b.

^{page clxxvi note *} The first demonstration is referred by the annalist of Worcester to March 28,1287. Angl. Sac. I. p. 508. The memory of Cantilupe is not likely to perish. Whenever his history shall be written impartially, divested of the extravagant panegyric that his fond admirers have heaped on him upon the one hand, and the severity of censure that, as a just and natural consequence, was provoked by that extravagance on the other hand, it will be seen that he was a memorable man ; far more so in reality than the fame of such miracles as have been attached to his name could ever have made him. Like many others he has suffered from his friends. These are not pages of religious controversy; and it must be left to the common sense of the reader whether he will accept for a truth those representations which the attendants of th e cathedral entered on their registers concerning the numbers of the dead restored to life I Surius, who visited the shrine, affirms of the miracles : in codicibus ejus loci, ubi sacra ejus ossa quiescunt, pene infinita reperi, in quibus fertur sexaginta morluos excitásse. De probatis sanctor. vitis. Col. Agripp. 1618. fol. p. 87.

^{page clxxvi note †} Chronic. WilL de Rishanger. Halliwell. Camd. Soc. Ed. 1840. Introduct. xxvii et seq. 67 et seq.

^{page clxxvi note ‡} Reg. Swin. f. 45 b. Swinfield paid down one hundred marks, residue of the goods of Cantilupe, in the chapter house of Hereford, for the purchase of a yearly rent or payment to be divided among the canons, priests, and clerks officiating at the cathedral; and it was expressed in the grant that, if by the grace and mercy of God the canonization of Bishop Thomas should hereafter be obtained, the money should go to them for a pittance, and be applied from year to year for festive purposes on that day for ever.

^{page clxxvii note *} John de Aquablanca, then at Rome.

^{page clxxvii note †} Reg. Swinf. f. 21 a.

^{page clxxvii note ‡} The origin and progress of this dispute, with many curious particulars throwing light upon the characters of Cantilupe and Peckham, may be found, not very impartially related, in the letters of the Archbishop. Wilkins, Concilia, II. 79 et seq.

^{page clxxviii note *} In 1282, either when Cantilupe was abroad, or after his decease, Peckham visited the diocese of Hereford by his metropolitan authority, and was at Dore and Sugwas. Reg. Swinf. f. 18 b. APP. NO. XXIII. Wilkins, ut supra, pp. 87, 88.

^{page clxxviii note †} The expression of Surius is, rebus et negotiis, quorum causa eo venerat pro voto expeditis. Id. ut supra. In the Life and Gests it is stated, that “to obtain a quick dispatch and removal of delays was all the favour that was or could be shewed him.” pp. 184, 185.

^{page clxxviii note ‡} This conclusion rests upon an entry in the register of Humphries, Bishop of Hereford, which shews that, early in the last century, a document to this effect, with others relating to the death and canonisation of Cantilupe, was preserved among the muniments of the dean and chapter. The “Index Archivorum,” among references to articles respecting Thomas de Cantilupe, has the following: 12. Absolutio ejus in articulo mortis. Whether this be still in existence the editor is unable to state. The scandalous manner in which excommunications were resorted to by the higher clergy on light occasions gave great public offence in this age, and weakened the estimation of the order. In an altercation between the Bishop of Durham and the Archbishop of York, Bek, who feared the face of no man, whether armed to the teeth in steel or with the weapon of a maledictory tongue, arrested and sent to prison two apparitors of his superior sent to serve him with warnings ; and immediately incurred sentence of the greater excommunication. 6 Id. April, 1282. Wilkins, ut supra, p. 184.

^{page clxxix note *} The holding of a prebend in a cathedral seems at this period to have been a stepping-stone to the see. It was so at least in the cases of Cantilupe, Swinfield and Orleton.

^{page clxxix note †} Cantilupe, finding probably that the cause was going against him, tried to get rid of his adversary by coming to terms with him through the mediation of friends. In a confidential letter to Matthew Rufus (Rous), Cardinal deacon of St. Mary in Porticu, whom he styles his friend and only refuge, he intreats him, as of his own proper motion, to persuade the dean of Hereford to interfere between them; but not to let Langon perceive it. Vos autem in conspectu dicti Petri istud dissimuletis, prout videbitis expedire, temper eidem viriliter resistenles. Schedule inserted in Cantil. Reg. at f. 63. Swinfield after him was no less anxious to dispatch the business with all speed. He proposes to his agents, quod aliqua curialitas flat advocato, ita quod ipsum statirn liberet a Petro Langona. Reg. Swinf. f. 20 a.

^{page clxxx note *} Honorius IV. died April 3, 1287.

^{page clxxx note †} Swinfield, or some one for him, in certain memoranda, freely expresses his sense of the privation of Langon, and the wrong that would be done to himself were he made responsible for that act; “in causa Petri de Langon’, quæ nullatenus videtur dominum Herefordensem contingere; pro eo maxime, quod ipse non spoliavit, nee successit spolianti, nee ipsam (so. præbendam) contulit quoque modo, nee alius quisquam nomine suo. Reg. Swinf. f. 30 a.

^{page clxxx note ‡} The association of one of the De Montforts with Swinfield in this executorship was natural. The Cantilupes had been attached to that party, and Thomas at an early period had been indebted to them for advancement. This William de Montfort, Dean of Saint Paul's, died suddenly of apoplexy, brought on apparently by agitation at having to make a speech before the King, as prolocutor, in defence of the clergy. Matth. Westm. in a. 1294. In his will he did not omit to leave a legacy, and express a hope for the canonisation of Cantilupe. |Item, memorandum quod sic continetur in testamento bonce memories magistri Willielmi de Monteforti quondam decani Londoniensis ecclesiæ. |Item .C. marcas pro procuranda canonizatione domini Thomæ bonœ memoriæ quondam Herefordensis episcopi, cum Domino placuerit quod dicta canonizatio poterit prosperari. From an almost obliterated and unnumbered folio at the beginning of Swittfield's register.

^{page clxxxi note *} Reg. Swinf. ff. 71 b, 72 a.

^{page clxxxi note †} Per dominum Bertuldum auditorem pro tribunali stdentem apud Urbem velerem in palatio domini papæ, ubi jus redditur. Id. ut supra. The Urbs Vetus, in the vicinity of Monte Fiascone, where Cantilupe died, though frequently and strictly rendered by Civita Vecchia, as ante p. lxv. is here unquestionably Orvieto.

^{page clxxxi note ‡} Reg. Swinf. f. 63 a.

^{page clxxxi note §} Directions were subsequently given to Richard de Pudlesdone, the Bishop's proctor, ad componendum et transigendum, to make up the matter. See APP. No. IV. pp. 203 et seq. for particulars respecting the last stage of the affair.

^{page clxxxi note |} Reg. Swinf. f. 77 a.

^{page clxxxi note ¶} If Id. f. 127 a.

^{page clxxxi note **} Id. ff. 70 et seq.

^{page clxxxii note *} The reason of Langon being ejected in the first instance is no where shewn by way of defence, either on the part of Breton or Cantilupe. No more is alleged than that it was done Juris exigentia, et ordine asservato, as right required, and in observance of Reg. Swinf. f. 73 a. Langon in one place affirms that Breton did it pro suæ volunlatis aritrio, auctoritate ordinaria. In another, quod, cum ipse pacifice possedisset prætendam in ecclesia Herefordensi, et eeclesiam de parva Wenlok, Herefordensis diocesis, sibi collatas per Episcopum Herefordensem, qui erat Burgundus, quo Episcopo defuncto, successit ei in Episcopatu Johannes dictus Brito, qui erat Anglicus, et invidens Burgundis, pro sum libito volunlatis spoliavit dictum Petrum, et plures alias, prædictis præbenda et ecclesia et domibus suis. Id. f. 71 b. And in this, no doubt, was the germ of the whole affair, issuing primarily from the unfortunate attachment of Hen. III. to foreign ecclesiastics, and the jealousy and confusion that it created in the resistance that the English offered to them. Cantilupe writes to Edmund Warefield, his proctor at Rome, in 1275, always to keep a good look out over the Burgundians : advertatis semper de Burgundis. Reg. Cantil. f. 5 b.

^{page clxxxii note †} It is not certain whether the proctor's instructions to inquire were issued under the pontificate of Honorius IV. or at the beginning of that of Nicholas IV. On the death of Honorius the see was vacant eleven months. Modern Univ. Hist. XXII. 302.

^{page clxxxiii note *} APP. NO. XXIV.

^{page clxxxiii note †} Proverbs, x. 1.

^{page clxxxiii note ‡} The sequel may be summarily given. There is no intimation of any answer having been received from Nicholas IV. He died in 1292, and after a vacancy of two years Celestine V. was elected. This event offering an opportunity for a fresh application, the Bishops of Durham and Ely sent ft joint petition, which was immediately backed by one from the Bishop of Bath and Wells. Reg. Swinf. ff. 77 a. 128 b. But Celestine abdicated in the following month, and even if the letters had reached him, or been proceeded upon, Boniface VIII. annulled all the official acts of both his pre decessors. Swinfield waited patiently till 1299, when he resumed his suit, and wrote what is denominated his “last letter.” Id. f. 124 b. No notice, however, appears to have been taken of it, either in this or the ensuing pontificate of Benedict XI. Edward I. took up the cause in that of Clement V. a. 1305, communicated with Swinfield upon it, and set himself in earnest to secure the object. The King wrote himself; and several letters in due form were sent from bishops and nobles to the Pope and cardinals, pressing its speedy advancement in this and the following year. Id. ff. 150 b. 151 a. 154 a. 155 a. Measures were adopted for setting on foot a commission of inquiry: but still it lingered till the Pope and King and Swinfield were dead. In the meantime it had not only exhausted and disappointed the Bishop's expectation, but was attended with such serious expense that it kept his purse distressingly low. Id. ff. 170, 175 b. Another Pope, John XXII., assumed the tiara, when Edward II. having succeeded his father and become a party to the petition, such efforts were made that the inquiry was revived, and so effectually that a bull was issued in May, 1320, in the time of Bishop Orleton, by which, to the great joy of the Anglican Church, and that of Hereford in particular, the canonisation of Thomas de Cantilupe was declared. Reg. Orleton, ff. 21a, 38 a. Bullarium Roman. I. 223. Wilkins, Concil. II. 283. Rymer, I. pp. 2, 985 ; II. pp. 20, 21, 43, 179, 355, 385.

^{page clxxxiv note *} Among the marvels of Shropshire in this century was the appearance of two mock suns, observed at this place on the ides of March 1282, by the prior of the Augustinians of Ludlow, Sir Brian de Brampton, and many others. This phenomenon produced sufficient impression to secure it a place in the Annals of Worcester. Angl. Sacra, Annal. Wigorn. in anno.

^{page clxxxiv note †} Dors. |45 g.

^{page clxxxv note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 20 b.

^{page clxxxv note †} Tanner, in Morville. Antiq. of Shropshire, Rev. R. W. Eyton, I. p. 32 et seq.

^{page clxxxv note ‡} John de Lodelawe, chaplain, was instituted to it on their presentation, at Bosbury, March 28, 1291. Reg. Swinf. f. 73 b. A priest named Come had been instituted in 1279. Reg. Cantil. f. 62 a.

^{page clxxxv note §} The prior was lord of the manor. Plac. de qno Warr. 20 Edw. I. p. 684 a. John Tubbe is named as prior about this period in note h, p. 76 of the Roll, on the authority of Willis. But the list of priors in Dukes' Antiq. of Shropsh. App. p. xlv. seems more entitled to credit. De Bonvillars succeeded Tubbe, and had the temporalities restored to him in 1284, and continued prior till 1319.

^{page clxxxv note |} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 164 b. Another trick of Tubbe is given in Dukes, ut supra, p. 70.

^{page clxxxvi note *} Ann. Wigorn. in a. 1283.

^{page clxxxvi note †} The expression. fuite dominus cum domino priore would seem to lead to the conclusion that Bonvillars actually accompanied the Bishop to this manor. It may, however, be remarked tha t the prior of Wenlock had obtained in the preceding January a royal licence for one year to go abroad. Literas de attornalo habet prior de Wenlok, qui de licentia regis profecturus est ad paries transmarinas, sub nominibus fratris Jacobi de Cosseneye et Thomæ Lenfaunt per unum annum duraluras. … Teste rege apud Westmonast. 20 die Jan. Rot. Pat. 18 Edw. I. in Turr. Lond.

^{page clxxxvi note ‡} This is said to have formerly contained deer. Qu. whether the hint about fresh venison in Apvil 24 may not have been connected with the fact ?

^{page clxxxvi note §} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 166 b.

^{page clxxxvi note |} Dukes, p. 224.

^{page clxxxvii note *} It is a less familiar fact that even as early as this time cotton was used for packing and preserving jewels. In the Household Roll of lord Edward, son of the King, 19 Edw. I. in the Tower, is an entry : Pro Coton' empt' ibid' (sc. Londoniæ) ad salvationem jocalium.

^{page clxxxvii note †} Dors. | 33, ante, pp. lxiv. clxix. He might have communicated in this way with the Minorites of Bridgnorth, in passing from Chetton to Morville. Both remittances were made in April.

^{page clxxxvii note ‡} Reg. Swinf. f. 61 a.

^{page clxxxvii note §} Tanner. MSS. Cotton. Domit. A. vm. f. 146 a. Hic Bromfelda datur, et canonicus monachalur.

^{page clxxxviii note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 153 a, b. The first of these instruments, professing to be a charter granted by Edward (the Confessor ?), is so imperfectly copied by the transcriber as to afford little chance of determining upon its pretensions. The others, of Henry II. and Bishop Gilbert Foliot, are more satisfactory. The last declares, quod memorata ecclesia propria dominica domini regis est. Vult dominus rex, et præcipit, ut ipsa sua plena gaudeat libertate, sicut ceteræ consimiles capellæ quæ aunt in Anglia. Nee permitlit dominus rex me posse habere aliquam jurisdictionem in sæpefatum priorem, vel in aliqvem ipsius suceessorum ; sed nee procurationem, nisi tantum de gratia prioris, si casu me contingat per ilium locum transire. At the assizes, 20 Edw. I. the prior of Bromfield claimed free warren in the manor of Bromfield, by the charter of Henry II. which was allowed. The said charter comprised a grant of infangthef, and the jury found that by virtue of that power one Henry de la Chapele had been hanged in Brom-field for theft, being tried and condemned by the prior. Antiq. of Shropsh. Lloyd. Dukes, p. 116.

^{page clxxxviii note †} In the different spellings of proper names, which have never been determined, the editor hopes for the indulgence of the reader when he has sometimes varied them by an interchange between the ancient and modern orthography.

^{page clxxxix note *} See Mrs. Stackbouse Acton's interesting memoir and plea for the restoration of that valuable relic of mediæval structures in Archæol. Cambrensis, New Series, IV. p. 39.

^{page clxxxix note †} The name of Eyton will be entitled to the gratitude of all future antiquaries and patrons of local history, when the accurate labours of the existing author of “The Antiquities of Shropshire” shall have been given to the literary world.

^{page clxxxix note ‡} Gilbert de Caumpden, who succeeded Henry de Asteley, 12 Edw. I. and retired 33 Edw. I. Dugdale, VI. p. 197.

^{page clxxxix note §} Blakeway and Owen, I. p. 131.

^{page clxxxix note |} Acta Concil. Lugdun. in Hardoin. Sacrosancta Concil. xi. p. 983. Const. Othon. Lyndwood, pp. 24 et seq.

^{page clxxxix note ¶} In October 1281. The living was given to him by Sir Robert de Morpelton. Reg. Cantil. f. 70 a.

^{page cxc note *} If Cantilupe had not been cut off, Sprenghose would in all probability not have continued unconnected so long. During the attempts of that prelate to reform his diocese he expressed himself very strongly on the subject of those who ventured to transgress. A passage in a letter to his official proves his resolute impartiality. In citatione ad ordines facienda nulli pareatis, nulli pareaiis, quantacunque prcefulgeat dignitate. Reg. Cantil. f. 10 a.

^{page cxc note †} APP. No. XXII.

^{page cxc note ‡} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 166 b.

^{page cxc note §} Plac. de quo Warranto, 20 Edw. I. p. 684 b.

^{page cxc note |} They were married at the gate or church porch of Westminster Abbey. For this custom see Brand, edit. Ellis, II. pp. 133, 134. The King placed 40s. with the ring upon the missal with which the ceremony was performed. Lib. Hosp. 18 Edw. I. in Turr. Lond.

^{page cxci note *} Dukes, p. 232.

^{page cxci note †} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 167.

^{page cxci note ‡} When the church of Westbury subsequently fell under the patronage of this family, we have the regular appointment and admittance of a priest as sacristan, or sexton, accompanied by a mandate from the Bishop to the parish priest to induct him.

^{page cxci note |} Sacristaria de Westbury. | Memorandum, quod sexto Id. Mali, anno domini M°. CCC°. decimo apud Boseiury admisit dominus Willielmum de Castro Holegod, presbyterum, ad sacristariam de Westbury sub Castro de Caus, ad præsentationem domini Willielmi de Lodelowe militis, veri patroni ejusdem, et ipsum insiituit in eadem dando eidern suas palentes literas in hujus consuetas. Et eadem die mandavit presbytero parochiali loci ejusdem per suas literas solitas, ut ipsum induceret in corporalem possessionem sacristaria prædiclæ. Reg. Swinf. f. 168 b.

^{page cxcii note *} Ante, pp. lxxviii. lxxix.

^{page cxcii note †} Tanner in Alberbury. They had but two other houses in England. Craswell, in Herefordshire, in the wild country at the base of the Black mountain ; and Grosmont, in Eskdale, in Yorkshire.

^{page cxcii note ‡} In the Taxation, p. 163, he is called Custos. The revenues of alien houses were managed by agents. The sheep of the proctor are reckoned among the moveables. Ibid.

^{page cxcii note §} In the following century the convent of Alberbury was independent of the Bishop. Hugo Pelegrim, treasurer of Lichfield and papal nuncio, wrote to John Trillec, Bishop of Hereford in 1357, to send him a note of all ecclesiastical places or benefices exempt from the jurisdiction of the ordinary by privilege or custom, and the Bishop, among other places, returns the priories of Alberbury and Clifford, and notwithstanding what has been related at p. clix, and is shewn in APP. XXIII.—the abbey of Dore. Keg. Trillec, Ep. Heref. f. 128.

^{page cxciii note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 60 b.

^{page cxciii note †} Dukes, pp. 101, 107.

^{page cxciii note ‡} The words Consecratio and Dedicatio are used convertibly in the Constitution of Othobonus, de Consecrat. et Reformat, status Ecclesiæ. Tit. 3, f. 83, Lyndwood. The historians of Shrewsbury point out that a distinction is made between them in the commission of a suffragan (Blakeway and Owen, I. p. 314, note 1.) ; and their several application by the Romans is explained by Forcellinus, Lexic. in v. consecro.

^{page cxciii note §} It was styled salubre mysterium, officium sublime. Yet Otho, in his Constitutions of 1236, Lyndwood, pp. 6, 7, rebukes the disuse of it. Multas invenimus ecclesias, et aliquas cathedrales, quæ licet fuerint ab antiquo construclæ, nondum tamen sunt sanctificalionis oleo consecratæ. Wherefore he directs all cathedral, conventual, and parochial churches to be consecrated within two years after they were built. Omnes, quæ perfectis parietibus sunt constructæ, infra biennium per Diocesanos Episcopos, ad quos pertinent, vel eorum auctoritate per alias consecrentur. Pegge, Life of Grosseteste, p. 63, suggests the enormous expenses of fees and entertainments as the cause of the omission. Among the articles of inquiry in his visitation of 1236 is, 15, An ecchsiæ sint dedicatæ ? Id. App. p. 313.

^{page cxciv note *} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 166 b.

^{page cxciv note †} He resigned in 1299. Senio jam fractus, et adversa valeludine corporali miserabiliter moleslalus. Reg. Swinf. f. 126 b.

^{page cxciv note ‡} Ante, p. lxxvi.

^{page cxciv note §} Reg. Swinf. ff. 30 b, 63 b.

^{page cxcv note *} Dors. | 33.

^{page cxcv note †} Squire John de Baseville was not at this time personally attendant, for we find him at Bosbury, May 6, buying a horse by order of my lord to replace one lost in the service some time before. Dors. |47 a.

^{page cxcv note ‡} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 168 b.

^{page cxcv note §} He was probably in the same situation as Aquablanca afterwards with respect to the roving chieftains, and could not help himself. According to his biographer Betun took refuge in some religious houses, and in the castles on the edge of his diocese, during the civil agitations of his times. Gilbert Foliot, who succeeded him, complains to Pope Eugenius, that having alienated four prebends from his church, and given them to his favourite priory of Lantony, duo etiam casiella ecclesiæ nostræ idem prædecessor nosier nobilissimis viris Comiti de Mellent et Hugoni de Mortuomari magno ecclesiæ ipsius incommodo et detrimento concessit; and he requests the interference of that pontiff to get them restored.

^{page cxcv note a} At or near, for the phrase is ambiguous, ad cænobia religiosorum, ad castetta parochialibus suis circumjecta terminis. Vita Rob. Betun. Angl. Sacra, II. 314.

^{page cxcvi note *} Ante, p. xxii.

^{page cxcvi note †} Id. p. lxvii.

^{page cxcvi note ‡} Roll, May 10 and 11. The bailiff was obliged to buy bay. It was at the latter end of the season, when probably no dry horse-meat remained on hand at the castle. Id. May 8.

^{page cxcvi note §} Dors. | 30.

^{page cxcvii note *} This last article shews their attention to what might have been still more needful had their journey been performed earlier in the year, or during the singularly rainy winter of 1289; for their line of road led them in part through a district watered by the river Clun, which lent its name to various places, whose miry character is sarcastically described in the rhyming proverb of these parts :

Clunbury, Clunton, Clungúnford, and Clun,

The dirtiest country under the sun.

^{page cxcvii note †} Roll, p. 83.

^{page cxcvii note ‡} He means the prior of Wenlock. Clunbury is unnoticed in the Taxation. It was some time a vicarage and belonged to Wenlock priory. Dugdale, Mon. V. pp. 74, 81.

^{page cxcvii note §} They constitute no inconsiderable portion of the miscellaneous account. Some of them may be found from | 1 to 6, 8, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23, 31, 55, 56, 60 b, &c.

^{page cxcviii note *} Ante, p. cxiii.

^{page cxcviii note †} Nasmith's Tanner, pref. p. xviii.

^{page cxcviii note ‡} Ante, pp. cxxvii. cxxviii.

^{page cxcviii note §} Dors. | 13.

^{page cxcviii note |} Id. | 6 b, 54 a, b.

^{page cxcviii note ¶} Id. | 48, 56.

^{page cxcviii note **} Id. | 26.

^{page cxcix note *} Lib. Nig. de Wigmore, f. 49 b.

^{page cxcviii note †} Blakeway and Owen, II. p. 275. Wright, Hist, of Ludlow, p. 357.

^{page cxcviii note ‡} Dors. | 34.

^{page cci note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 38 b.

^{page cci note †} Reg. Swiof. ff. 84 b, 116 a, b.

^{page cci note ‡} His popularity among them, or their anxiety to secure his abdication, is indirectly expressed in the minute attention to his wants, and even comforts, set forth in the order for his maintenance. It was voted unanimously that he should have the chamber next to the chapel of the blessed Mary, with another chamber thereunto adjoining, and the little plot of ground called the “Herbary.” And for his help and comfort he was to have one of the canons, a non-obedientiary in the house, of his own choosing, removable at his pleasure to choose another. They were to have in daily food and clothing as much as two other canons received by the year; to be under no obligation to attend in choir or convent agaiust their inclination, nor hindered from so doing when it was their desire ; to have one servant to wait upon them, whose food and clothing, provided the monastery, should be the same as that of the abbat's groom. Should brother Adam, his predecessor, depart this life, the said John was thenceforth to receive from the abbey his yearly salary of forty shillings, by half-yearly payments at Michaelmas and Lady Day, over and above one mark, which he was to receive annually to purchase necessaries at the festival of Christmas. And for his need (as afore-stated in p. cxxxvii) he was to have a mortar or cresset burning by night in the aforesaid chamber, with firing and candles, and his expenses for repair of the walls and roof of his dwelling, and all other little necessaries, such as utensils, table-'cloths and towels, and such things as are wanted for the support of human life,—the canons reserving to themselves the power of adding to or diminishing, correcting and interpreting, this ordinance, as they should hereafter think fit for the honour of God, and the advantage of the abbey, and of John their brother. The instrument is dated at Bosbury, April 16, 1296. Reg. Swinf. f. 116 a.

^{page ccii note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 126 b.

^{page ccii note †} Id. f. 129 b.

^{page ccii note ‡} Id. f. 135 a. He had been some time precentor, and one of the council above mentioned. Wright, Hist, of Ludlow, p. 195.

^{page ccii note a} i. e. holding no office in the house.

^{page cciii note *} Sir Roger de Mortimer is said to have given them some of the richest of his land, called “The treasure of Mortimer.” There was nothing near them, land, meadow, pasture, nor moor, that had not been given to the abbey by that family. Hist, of the Foundation of Wigmore Abbey. Wright, ut supra, pp. 131, 132.

^{page cciii note †} Provision was made for him, as usual, in his retirement. Among other things, he is to have his choice of the painted or the dark-coloured chamber for his lodging. Pro habitatione tua assignamus cameram depictam in Abbalia quam frater Johannes de Erleslon' quondam abbas inhabitavit dum vixit, ant nigram cameram quam frater Johannes de Weston quondam occupavit dum vixit. Reg. Orleton, 27 b, 28 a.

^{page cciii note ‡} Reg. Orl. ff. 23b, 25 a, 27b, 28 a. Other religious establishments became disordered from wilful extravagance, or were distressed by inevitable failure of their means.: it does hot appear that this abbey was labouring under pecuniary embarrassment ; their income was £107. 19s. 9¼d. The probability is that they suffered from the wantonness of prosperity.

^{page cciv note *} Swinfield did so in his visitation of Leominster in 1283. Reg. Swinf. f. 5 a. Bishop Grosseteste gives an interesting account of his method of visiting, and the employment of his auxiliaries, in a speech before the pope and cardinals in 1250. Anglia Sacra, II. pp. 347, 348.

^{page cciv note †} Those who held papal letters were in a hurry to get beforehand. A clerk thus armed once met Bishop Orleton on his way, in a meadow between Godstow and Oxford, and exhibited his credentials on the spot. Memorandum quad 14^adie mensis Maii, anno domini M°.CCC°.xviij. Magister Johannes Lugwardyn, comparens coram domino Adamo Episcopo Herefordensi in prato inter Godestow et Oxoniam, exhibuit eidem literas apostolicas super gratia sibi facia de beneficio ecclesiastico spectante ad collationem Episcopi Herefordensis. Reg. Orleton, f. 21 a.

^{page cciv note ‡} P. lxx.

^{page cciv note §} Life, Pegge, pp. 198, 199.

^{page cciv note *} Ante, p. clxxi.

^{page cciv note †} He is also styled, perhaps sarcastically, Pontius de Bwrgundia, in the Register, f. 65 b. The Burgundians were no favourites in Hereford. See ante, p, clxxxii, note *.

^{page cciv note ‡} In 1277. Reg. Cantil. f. 37 a.

^{page cciv note §} They were called Gratiæ expectativæ, or mandata de providendo, Pegge, ut supra. And were of two kinds, provisory and executory, the one nominating an incumbent, the other enforcing the appointment.

^{page cciv note |} A bold disorderly freak of this foreign canon, Pouns, is subsequently placed upon record. He resisted the Bishop's official in holding a court in the church of Wellington, and was brought to make his submission at Bosbury, April 22, 1296, and fined twenty pounds. Reg. Swinf. f. 116 b. He held the prebend of Wellington. Willis, p. 603.

^{page cciv note ¶} Such forbearance had not been always shewn. The cathedral of Hereford had witnessed strange desecrating scenes. In April, 1272, Roger de Bosbury, the penitentiary, in full choir attacked Peter de Langona, and dragged him by main force from his stall. Reg. Swinf. f. 70 a.

^{page ccvi note *} App. No. XXV.

^{page ccvi note †} 25 Edw. III. ante, p. xvi.

^{page ccvi note ‡} Collier, III. pp. 113, 203, 204.

^{page ccvi note §} Rot. Pat. 18 Edw. I. SwinfieM granted him leave of absence, Oct. 12, 1290, to study for one year at Orleans, provided the duties of his benefice were discharged, and the cure not neglected. Reg. Swinf. f. 68 a.

^{page ccvii note *} The bishop of the diocese was, however, in favour of Campyun. The proceedings may be seen in Chron. Petroburg. Camd. Soc. edit. pp. 47—51, 79—95. Four or five clerks had already been presented to benefices of that abbey by letters provisory, and three or four others were waiting for vacancies when the abbat made a stand against this wholesale disposal by the pope of what he chose to claim as his own.

^{page ccvii note †} His letter is dated Sept. 1, 1290. Reg. Swinf. f. 66 a.

^{page ccviii note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 121 b.

^{page ccix note *} Dors. | 9.

^{page ccix note †} App. IV. 3.

^{page ccix note ‡} Reg. Swinf. f. 131 b.

^{page ccx note *} Their allowance, including that of a tutor, was 22½d. per day. Lib. Hospit. in Turr. Lond. 18 Edw. I.

^{page ccx note †} Reg. Swinf. f. 65 b.

^{page ccx note ‡} Reg. Swinf. f. 64 a. The concluding words of the form used in such cases have in this instance a pertinent signification. Scripsit ipso die ballivo suo quod ipsum in corporalem possessionem induceret, et induclum defenderet. The duty was customarily discharged by the bailiff of Barton manor.

^{page ccx note §} Dors. | 24.

^{page ccx note |} Dors. | 34, where for Hōp' read Hāp'.

^{page ccxi note *} Swinfield's own account of it is, Locus ille ab anliqtuissimo tempore religionis est sacer, ubi etiam multa corpora et sanctorum retiqniæ reguiescunt. Reg. Swinf. f. 32 b. A list of the relics is extant in his register. Among the sepulchral remains, in their possession were those of two Saxon kings and martyrs ; and in the catalogue of their relics, besides many more, were enumerated the following: a portion of the linen that was wrapped around the body of our Lord—of the sponge used at his crucifixion—of the rod of Moses—one of the stones with which St. Stephen was stoned—some of the frankincense and myrrh offered by the magi—of the soil of Bethlehem and Gethsemane. They had also in safe keeping, written, as it is described, in ancient characters, that section of the Book of Domesday which relates to Leominster and the surrounding parts, beginning with, Rex tenet Leominstre, &c. and ending with ij dies in ebdomada operantur. A transcript of this fragment, together with what relates to the relics, was thought of sufficient importance to be placed in Bishop Swinfield's Register, f. 36 bis a. The printed edition of the Norman Survey, f. 180 a, b, corresponds very closely with it.

^{page ccxii note †} Leland, Itin. IV. Pt. 2, pp. 48, 88.

^{page ccxii note †} Leiger book of Leominster Priory, Coningsby MSS. f. 4.

^{page ccxii note ‡} Ezek. xx. 6. In the cartulary of Reading Abbey, MSS. Cotton. Domit. A. III. f. 249 b, is a note respecting tenants of Leominster priory, who were to pay in honey. De melle. Nomina eorum qui habent solvere mel ibidem. Dominus Edmundus de Cornwayle iij lagen'. Wallerus de Hayle iij lagen'. Tenens terræ Dodeman ij lagen' et dimid' Tenens terræ Johannis atte Assch ij lagen' et dimid'. Tenens terræ fabri j lagen' di'. Tenens terra Willielmi Hugges iij quartas.' Tenens Symonis Hikemon j lagenam et dimid' Tenens lerram (sic) Johannis de Walleford iiij lagen' et dimid' q'. Summa 19 lagen' et dimid'.

^{page ccxiii note *} Reg. Cantit. f. 8 a, b. It is doubtful to what extent their revenues were taken into the common stock of Reading previous to this order.

^{page ccxiii note †} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 173.

^{page ccxiii note ‡} A list of the servants of th e house in the Leiger book (Coningsby MSS.) brings them up to thirty ; and they were probably not always mindful of an important clause in the oath that was required of every one on his admission. Ye shall behaue your room or office with all true demeanyng, without wast or destruction, as nere as ye can. MSS. Cotton. Dotnit. A. III. f. 45 a.

^{page ccxiii note §} By a constitution of Othobon no monastery was allowed to diminish the number of its monks. Lyndwood, p. 151, col. 1, 2.

^{page ccxiii note |} In 1275 and 1276. Reg. Cantil. f. 17 a, b, 28 a, b.

^{page ccxiv note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 3 a.

^{page ccxiv note †} He confirmed it in 1285, on an inspeximus of a charter of Hugh, Bishop of Here ford, in which it is expressly laid down. Id. f. 30a.

^{page ccxiv note ‡} Reg. Swinf. ff. 32 b, 33 a, 38 b.

^{page ccxv note *} Dors. | 34.

^{page ccxv note †} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 159.

^{page ccxv note ‡} Dors. |34.

^{page ccxv note §} Roll, April 16, May 2, 8, 10, 16, 18, 25, 31.

^{page ccxv note |} Reg. Swinf. f. 40 b.

^{page ccxv note ¶} An historian, who seems to have had good information as to the events of the time, appears to intimate this :

A swift stede þer was a lady þider sent,

Edward knowe his pas, þe last of alle him hent,

Asaied him up and doun, swiftest he was of alle.

Langtoft, Chron. Hearne, I. p. 219.

^{page ccxvi note *} Robert of Gloucester's indignant expression respecting this affair is well known:

“The morthre of Evesham, vor bataile non it vas.”

^{page ccxvi note †} Some say it was sent to her at Worcester. It is more likely, while the country was swarming with troops, that she was in her strong hold at Wigmore, and that the head was sent thither through Worcester. The researches of Messrs. Blaauw (Hist, of the Barons' War. 4to. Lond. 1844), and Halliwell (Chron. of Will, de Rishanger. Camd. Soc. Edit. 1840), by their valuable accumulation of particulars, form a most acceptable contribution to this portion of English history.

^{page ccxvi note ‡} Dugdale, Baron. I. pp. 142, 143. She was living in September 1309, when she presented John de Walwyn to the rectory of Old Radnor. Reg. Swinf. f. 166 b.

^{page ccxvi note §} Kalendar of Obits, p. 8.

^{page ccxvi note |} Rhys ap Meredydd returned from Ireland this year, 1290, where he had found refuge three years, renewed his attempt to excite his countrymen, was taken prisoner, and executed about the time when the king went to Scotland. Warrington, Hist, of Wales, pp. 547, 548. It was part of the policy of Edward to transport into England and hold in fast keeping such of the Welsh nobility as it might be dangerous to have left at home. The Countess of Pembroke, in one of her journeys, met with the sister of Rhys, and kindly made her a present of three shillings. Pembroke Roll. Owen, son of Dafydd ap Gruffydd, was now lingering in confinement in Bristol Castle, where in 16 Edw. I. his brother died. Archæol. Journal, VII. p. 262.

^{page ccxvii note *} Rot. Wallise, 15 Edw. 1. m. g. in dorso. Palgrave, Parliam. Writs, I. pp. 252 et seq.

^{page ccxvii note †} Dors. | 48.

^{page ccxvii note ‡} He was instituted Dec. 17, 1289. Vide ante, p. cxv.

^{page ccxvii note §} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 159 b.

^{page ccxviii note *} Roll, May 29.

^{page ccxviii note †} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 159 b.

^{page ccxviii note ‡} Reg. Swinf. f. 66 b.

^{page ccxviii note §} Hist, of Kington. 8vo. 1845, p. 206.

^{page ccxviii note |} Reg. Swinf. f. 47 a.

^{page ccxviii note ¶} Feb. 9, 21 Edw. I. Reg. Swinf. f. 83 a.

^{page ccxviii note **} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 159 b.

^{page ccxix note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 65 b.

^{page ccxix note †} Reg. Cantil. f. 65 b.

^{page ccxix note ‡} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 159 b.

^{page ccxix note §} Tax. P. Nichol. ibid.

^{page ccxix note |} Reg. Swinf. f. 43 b.

^{page ccxix note ¶} Of 1179 ? The eleventh, relative to discipline. Nicolas, Chronol. of History, p. 238.

^{page ccxix note **} The entry in his register, f. 182 a, is as follows : | Vicaria de Webbeleye. | Memorandum, quod v^to Idus Februarii, anno domiui M°.CCC°.xij°. apud Bosbury contulit dominns vicariam ecclesiæ de Webbeleye vacantem Willielmo dicto de la Wod, presbytero, et ad collationem suam hac vice spectantem pro eo quod prior et convening Lanthoniæ primæ in Wallia Rogerum de Baskervyle clericutn atatis .xvj. annorum tantum, habentem solummodo primam tonsuram, notorie inhabilem et indignum præsentárunt, et ipsum auctorilate concilii generalis Lateranensis instiluit in eadem, dando eidem super hujus inetitutionem suas pater, tes litteras consuetas. Et tune mandavit & decano de Webbeleye per suas litteras inductorias consuelas, ut ipsum Willielmum induceret in corporalem possessionem vicariæ pradictæ.

^{page ccxx note *} Dugdale, Mon. VI. p. 398. At the suppression of the monasteries attempts were made to intercede for several of them that they might be spared from the general wreck. See Letters relating to the Suppression, &c. Camd. Soc. 1843. XIX. LI. LV. LVIII. LXXI. Collier, V. pp. 2, et seq. The case of Great Malvern, for which Bishop Latimer interceded, has been frequently quoted. That of Wormesley is perhaps unknown. Thefollowing letter describes it:

“ Welbeloved ffrende, As hertly as I can I recom'aund me unto you. And where I understande that for the especyall truste and confydence that the kyngs highnes hath yn you he hath appoynted you to be oon of his Surveyors of dyverse Abbeis within the Countye of Hereford and others appoynted to be subpressed. Trouth it is yn the poore house of Wormsley, within the said countye of hereforde, which is of my foundac'on, many of myne auncestors do lye, and the moost parte of the furst of the poore name that I am comyn of; so that yf I myght, by any presente to be made unto the kyngs grace for the same, I wold be verey sorye it shuld be subpressed. And therfore I desyre and hertly pray you to beare your lawfull favor, and to be good therin At this my desyre, so that by your good helpe and meanes I may the soner atteyn that the same may stand and contynewe. And I shalbe glad to do unto you pleasure at all tymes. As knoweth our lord, who have you in his governance, wryten at hansworth the iiijth day of may.

your ffelow,

G. Shrewesbury.”

“ To my hertly beloved fellow

John Skydtnore, one of the

gentylmen usshers of the

kyngs most honerable

Chamber.”

Scudamore MSS. Letters. The writer of this letter was George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, an eminent statesman and warrior in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII. He died July 26, 33 Henry VIII. at his manor of Wingfield, co. Derby, and was buried in the parish church of Sheffield. He is styled by a contemporary, “vir nobilis, sapiens, ac in omnibus vitæ partibus moderatus.” Polydore Virgil, quoted in Dugdale, Baron. I. 332 b. The party to whom the application was addressed was John Scudamore, esquire, of Hom-Lacy, co. Hereford, a surveyor and receiver under the Suppression.

^{page ccxxi note *} Reg. Cantil. f. 42 a.

^{page ccxxi note †} Reg. Cantil. f. 59 a. Dugdale, Mon. VI. p. 403. Reg. Swinf. ff. 20 a, 39 b.

^{page ccxxi note ‡} Tax. P. Nichol. pp. 158, 159 b, 172. The family of Map, Mabe, or Mapes, of which the celebrated archdeacon of Oxford, Walter de Mapes, was one, were benefactors to this priory. A Walter Map and his son Walter gave lands to it in the time of Hen. III. MSS. Harl. 472 b, ff. 213 a, 214 a. Biograph. Brirann. Literaria, Wright, Anglo-Norman Period, p. 295. The race is by no means extinct among the peasantry of Herefordshire.

^{page ccxxii note *} Letters in the Tower, S. 148. John, vicar of Feckenham, had been excommunicated by Godfrey Bishop of Worcester, who appealed in the same manner for secular aid in Dec. 1289. Ibid. S. 132.

^{page ccxxii note †} Reg. Swinf. f. 65 b.

^{page ccxxii note ‡} His periodical proceedings of this kind, as far as they may be collected from the case of Wigmore abbey, described in pp. cci, ccii, point to a system of triennial supervision.

^{page ccxxiii note *} Roll, June 2.

^{page ccxxiii note †} Id. June 4.

^{page ccxxiii note ‡} Dors. | 15.

^{page ccxxiii note §} Id. |34.

^{page ccxxiii note |} Id. June 7.

^{page ccxxiv note *} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 159 b.

^{page ccxxiv note †} Reg. Chorlton, ff. 3 a, 39 a.

^{page ccxxiv note ‡} He dealt the last deadly blow on the head of Becket, and with such impetuosity that the lower part of his sword-blade was fractured against the pavement. Life and Letters, Giles, II. p. 333. This fragment had a special altar at Canterbury, and devout pilgrims frequently laid their offerings before it, ad punctum ensis. When Edward I. was last at Canterbury, on his return from France, he offered at this relic, Rot. Hospit. 17, 18 Edw. I. Carlton Ride ; and the custom was kept up long after. Pilgrimages to St. Mary of Walsingham and St. Thomas of Canterbury, Nichols, 1849, p. 115.

^{page ccxxiv note §} A copy of the inscription, with which the Editor has been favoured by the Rev. Thomas Powell, the vicar, runs thus :

“ Hanc capellam, ex voto ad virginem Mariam, Ricardus de Brito dedicavit.”

But it is to be regretted that a date in the original had been omitted in the transcript, and cannot be recovered. Could this have been ascertained it might have helped to establish an historical fact. The miserable and speedy fate that the monkish writers of the day have awarded to the murderers is on good grounds considered apocryphal. Hugh de Morville and William de Traci are ascertained to have lived some time after the event (Pilgrimages, &c. ut supra, pp. 220, 221) : it is not improbable that the same may have been the case with Briton, and that the chapel dedicated ex voto may have been an effort at expiation.

^{page ccxxiv note |} In a bull of Pope Honorius, a. 1129, it is thus described : “ Along Nantybardd to the Dour, along it to the Gwormwy (the Worm).” Liber Landav. p. 583.

^{page ccxxv note *} Tanaer in Clifford.

^{page ccxxv note †} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 159 b.

^{page ccxxv note ‡} Boll, June 9, 11. The fate of the genus Faloo of the naturalists with its varieties i n England is an emblem of the mutability of earthly importance. Checked in their earlier stage by the ruthless demolition of lofty timber, rendered useless by the introduction of inclosures upon champaign country, and daily perishing before the murderous gun, they are likely in a short time to leave nothing but a tradition and a name. Those predatory habits, that were the basis of the value attached to them, are now their ruin. That which once was the pride of princes, and fluttered and shook its bells on the hands of ladies, is treated as vermin, and shot down by the guard of the poultry, the farmer's boy. In his recollections of the traces of falconry, as respects Herefordshire, the editor can call to mind the hawk-chamber over the porch till of late existing at the Moor, the residence of the ancient family of Penoyre, in the parish of Clifford. Among their groves there is still a Hawkwood, and the rare and appropriate appendage of a heronry, at the present hour. The right to aeries of hawks, down to the reign of Henry VIII. was as much the object of dispute as game has been in latter times. The servants of the landed proprietors of Rotherwas and Horn Lacy, adjoining estates near Hereford, by their mutual depredations brought on a law-suit between the families of Bodenham and Scudamore. This is described in a communication from William Dansey to his father-in-law, then in London. His letter, quaintly expressed, and directed “To the right worshipfull and his singuler good Master John Scudamore, esquier, geve this at the Courte,” conveys intelligence of the trespasses committed on either hand. “Righte worshipfull and my synguler good Master, my duty remembred, This is to lett you understand that Mr. Bodnam bathe served processe upon your men, that did attempt to steale his hawkes, and meanethe to put them to great trowble, unlesse it will please your worshype to wrytte unto Mr. Boothe for to take it up untill such tyme as you come into the countrey ; for Mr. Boothe did tell me that he woold stay it almoast three weakes to see yf that it will please you to send your letter unto hym in the behalfe of yonr men, because he saythe that upon your letter he will eyther stay it untill your corny ninge (sic) or else he will do the beste he can to make an end of hit hym selfe. I sent your worshype woord of the ordre of hit. Wherfore we truste you will not myslyke with that deed doynge, for that Mr. Thorn's Bodname's man did stele your hawkes out of the Weast fyeld, and came unto the eyrye that is wachte at bolston,^a and did shoote twice within thre scorre of the hawkes nest, and afterwards offered to shoote at the old hawke. . . . . ffrom homlacye the xxiiij^th of this June.

“ Your obedient servant,

“ William Dansey.”

Scudamore MSS. letters. This John Scudamore was apparently the same who lias been already mentioned, and was receiver of the Royal Court of Augmentations in 30 Hen. VIII. and subsequent years.

^{page ccxxvi note *} Dors. |27, 49.

^{page ccxxvi note a} Near Horn Lacy.

^{page ccxxvii note *} Roll, June 11.

^{page ccxxvii note †} Dors. | 19.

^{page ccxxvii note ‡} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 153 b.

^{page ccxxvii note §} Reg. Swiuf. f. 74 a.

^{page ccxxvii note |} Plao. de quo Warr. 20 Edw. T. p. 275 a.

^{page ccxxvii note ¶} Reg. Swinf. f. 65 b.

^{page ccxxvii note **} Tax. P. Nichol. p. 160.

^{page ccxxviii note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 59 a.

^{page ccxxviii note †} This chapel on the rock is noticed by William of Worcestre as that of Saint Tiriacus the anchoret. Distat a Kyngrode per 6 miliaria in parte Walliæ coram Mathern villa manerii episcopi Landavensis per unum miliare de Chepstow. Itiner. p. 147. See Archæol. XXIX. 26, 29.

^{page ccxxix note *} Reg. Swinf. f. 65 b.

^{page ccxxix note †} Ibid, ut supra.

^{page ccxxx note *} Roll, July 11, 15.

^{page ccxxx note †} Id. July 10.

^{page ccxxx note ‡} Id. June 20, July 19.

^{page ccxxx note §} Roll, July 7, Dors, | 9.

^{page ccxxxi note *} See Dors. | c. p. 164, Commentary, where for Joanna, read Margaret.

^{page ccxxxi note †} Green, Lives of the Princesses, II. p. 335. The King honoured it by his presence, as may be inferred from the record of a little accident that befel one of his attendants, proving that all who were upon duty were not so cautious as they might have been during the festivity of the hour. Geoffrey, the King's aquarius, whose office was to bring him water for his ablution in a costly basin, by some very imaginable occurrence missed it at the feast. He did not in consequence forfeit his post; but Edward with his own hand paid him in advance, or over and above his wages, the sum of sixty shillings to make good the loss. Aquarius regis. |Eodem die (sc. 16 Julii) Galfrida Aquario regis de prestito super vadiis suis per manus proprias, quos (sc. solidos) cepit ad emendum quoddam lavacrum, quod perdidit ad festum Comitis Gloucestriæ. Lx.s. Lib. Hosp. 18 Edw. I. in Turr. Lond.

^{page ccxxxi note †} Milton, Arcades, 1. 58.

^{page ccxxxi note §} June 15,21 ; July 3, 14, 15, 16, 17. Rot. Claus. 18 Edw. I. in Turr. Lond.

^{page ccxxxii note *} June 20; July 1.

^{page ccxxxii note †} P. lxvi. note.

^{page ccxxxii note ‡} Itin. VIII. p. 70.

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