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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 February 2010
page 50 note a After in MS., in error for Aster. The volume from which this document is derived is of a miscellaneous character, and has the appearance of having been written for exercise in penmanship by a scribe or notary, not always very conversant with the subjects of his papers. In the present article are several other clerical errors, which have been silently corrected.
page 50 note b Peasants.
page 51 note a So MS. perhaps for encompassed.
a That is, to accept king Henry's offer of marriage to herself: see hereafter, p. 68.
page 55 note a This insertion is made in lieu of the following words erased, orels clothe of golde and velvet purpall, the velvet to he imbrodred with her bagies or some other devise.
page 55 note b Erased, iij. or.
page 55 note c Erased, of cloth of golde or velvet.
page 56 note a Erased, damaske.
page 56 note b It may be noted that the term board answered to our modern table (but was usually moveable, and placed on trestles) ; that the cupboard was an open sideboard ; and that the covers of both were carpets.
page 56 note c Erased, cobborde and windowes of velvet.
d Erased, Aras, not so fyne as is the seconde chambur.
e Erased, of cloth of golde, orels.
Here these words are erased, the velvet imbrodered with some bagies and other devis
g Erased, golde.
h or els the said chaiar to be kevered withe crymsyne felvet and cossions of the same, erased.
page 57 note a This passage may be thought characteristic of the parsimony of the royal writer.
page 58 note a every day of erase
page 62 note a Erased, on garnysshed, either of theym of the valew of c. marc.
page 62 note b Erased, A leyr of golde of the same facion and garnyshyng, poisaunt xxx oz.
page 62 note c Erased, or botells gilte pois.
page 63 note b Erased, to be plated with silver.
page 63 note c Erased, white.
a i. e. to drive away the beggars. This appears inserted in jest.
page 68 note a Les Sceux des Comtes de Plandre, &c. par Olivier de Wrée, 1641, p. 96.
page 68 note b Seep. 29, antea.
page 68 note c De Wrée, p. 99.
page 68 note d Several documents connected with this treaty of marriage are given in Rymer. It appears that the original treaty, which is not among them, bore date 20 March, 1505[-6.]
page 68 note e Galba, B, II.
page 69 note a Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies, edited by M. A. E. Wood, 1846, i. 143.
page 69 note b She was only eight weeks old at the death of her father, 6th Sept. 20 Hen. VII. (1504.) See the Lisle Peerage Case, by Sir N. H. Nicolas.
page 69 note c Hall.
page 70 note a Hall.
page 70 note b Compare MS. Cotton. Calig. E. III. p. 28. Miss Wood, in her recent collection of “Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies,” has pointed out the same fact; and it should be acknowledged that to that lady belongs the credit of discovering the passage in Hall, after the mystery of the letters had foiled the penetration of several able historical critics.
page 71 note a Mary Tudor was born in 1498, nearly twenty years after Margaret of Austria. This may have been one motive of Charles Brandon's preference.
page 71 note b She was accustomed to address cardinal Wolsey as “votre bonne mère Marguerite,” and even wrote in the superscriptions of her letters, “à Monsr. le Legat d'Angleterre, mon bon fils.” Ellis's Orig. Letters, 2d Ser. ii. 16.
page 71 note b Lewis Moreton : a letter to him from Th. Spinelly, dated Malines, Jan. 9, 1512–13 is the first article in MS. Cotton, Galb. B. III.
page 72 note a i. e. light.
page 72 note b i. e. found in the country.
page 73 note a enough.
page 73 note b I know, or enough.
page 73 note c i.e. interpreter.
page 75 note a Apparently his landing on the continent.
page 76 note a In the margin is written, “Bresylle sayde ther was no waye to avoyd the brewt but that my lord schulld marye the ladye Lylle, as more at length I have wreten on to my sayd lord.”
page 76 note b Read Leonard (lord Leonard Grey.)
a In the margin is written, “Bresylle sayde ther was no waye to avoyd the brewt but that my lord schulld marye the ladye Lylle, as more at length I have wreten on to my sayd lord.”
b Read Leonard (lord Leonard Grey.)
page 77 note a Anne Boleyne, afterwards Queen.
page 77 note b In the list in Leland's Collectanea above referred to, the names of the “Gentilwomen which were appointed to have abidden in France with the French qwene” are thus given:—
page 77 note c In the Archæologia, vol. xxi. will be found two papers bearing the following titles, communicated by Mr. Caley, from the Chapter House at Westminster.
1. “A memoriale of such thengs as be requisite and necessarie for the honorable transportyng of the Kyng's highnes to mete with the Frenche Kyng, for an interview to be had betwixt both the said Kyngs, thear Qwenys, the Quene Mary Douagier of Fraunce, and the moder of the said Frenche Kyng.”
2. “A memoriale of such things as be requisit and necessary for the honorable transportyng and appoyntyng of the Kyngs Hyghnesse to mete with the Frenche Kyng, for an intervew to be had betwyxt the said Kyngs, thayr Qwenys, and the moder of the said Frenehe Kyng.”
page 78 note a The same volume contains many letters of Sir Thomas Boleyne and Sir Richard Wyngfeld, ambassadors in France, in which the arrangements preliminary to the interview are discussed. The most important of these have been printed by Sir Henry Ellis, in the first series of his “Original Letters.” The papers now selected are, for the most part, of a descriptive character, and not merely upon questions of time and convenience.
page 79 note a at in MS.
page 79 note b The manuscript is in the hand of a secretary and the signature broken off. The Cottonian Catalogue suggests the name of “Sir Edward Belknap ?” but the other letters which follow, written by the same hand, appear to have been sent by Sir Nicholas Vaux.
page 80 note a The White hall in the palace of Westminster, lately used for the House of Lords, and now (1845) for the House of Commons.
page 80 note b The royal palace near Blackfriars, London.
page 82 note a The Catalogue states this letter to be from “the Bishop of Ely and others.” What remains of the signature resembles the Ni of sir Nipholas Vaux's signature to the Letter of May 18.
page 83 note a John Voysey, alias Harman, was bishop of Exeter at this time.
page 83 note b Alexander Barclay, author of “The Ship of Fools.” Who his fellow labourer was has not been ascertained.
page 85 note a i. e. mutual
* See p. 93.
† The wife of lord John Grey.
* This Proclamation, though slightly varied in its terms, is in fact another copy of the preceding. See also Rymer's Fædera, vol. xiii. p. 773.
* So the MS. qu. made.
† Part of the direction is lost, having been written on the slip of paper with which the letter was fastened.
* John Clerk.
† The letter must have been written on Monday the 8th of July.
‡ This despatch of the Ambassadors is printed by Strype, Memorials, Vol. i. App. p. 31, No. xiv.
page 118 note * Edited by Sir Harris Nicolas, 1827, 8vo.
page 118 note † Anne de Montmorency, great master of France, who was made a knight of the garter at this meeting. (See the note in p. 43.)
page 118 note ‡ Anne Boleyne, marchioness of Pembroke.
page 118 note § Cornelius Hays, the king's goldsmith.
page 119 note * Sir Thomas Palmer, knighted as the captain of Newnhambridge on the 10th Nov. this year (see p. 123), and afterwards knight-porter of Calais (see p. 138). He was beheaded with the duke of Northumberland in 1553.
page 118 note “ Domyngo Lomelyn, that was wont to wyn much money of the kynge at the cardes and hasardynge.”—Skelton's “Why come ye not to Court.” He won of his royal playmate, in less than three years, more than 620l. See the notes to Nicolas's Privy Purse Expenses, p. 316, and Dyce's Works of Skelton, p. 374.
page 118 note ‡ Loraine.
page 125 note * The king's almoner at this date was Edward Lea, Wolsey's successor as archbishop of York.
page 125 note † dove in the second copy, at fol. 103.
page 125 note ‡ i. e. sally-port, In the second copy, at fol. 103, it is written saylewe.
page 126 note * An avant-mur.
page 126 note † i. e. country.
page 126 note ‡ In the second copy this is called Dyvelyn tower, and in the Proceedings of the Privy Council in 1541, when its repairs were proceeding, Duvelyn and Dublyn bulwerk. (Vol. vii. pp. 213, 232.) There were a Beauchamp tower and a Develyn tower at the tower of London as well as at Calais (bird's eye view, 1597), but the latter in 23 Hen. VIII. is called Robyn the Devyll's tower. (Bayley's Hist. Appx. p. ix.)
page 129 note * This was a marshy spot, or pool: see the Map.
page 130 note * At an earlier period, in the year 1525, sir William Fitzwilliam had been one of a commission, of which lord Sandes, sir William Fitzwilliam treasurer of the household, John Hales one of the barons of the exchequer, Christopher Hales solicitor-general, and William Breswoode, met at Guisnes on the 29th Aug. 17 Hen. VIII. and there promulgated “The booke of newe Ordenaunces and decreis for the Countye of Guisnes, made, devised, and ordeyned by the Kinges Justices and Comissioners appoynted for that same, which were delivered to the Baylye and Lawe at Guisnes aforesaid in the Kinges open court, holden there the first daye of February, anno regni regis Henrici octavi xxmo.” These ordinances, which are of considerable length, will be found in the MS. Cotton. Faustina, E. vii. ff. 40 et seq. They refer chiefly to the tenure of lands within the county. They were testified by the affixing of the great seal of the king's exchequer of Calais, the seal of the king's comptroller, the usual seal of the mayor and aldermen of Calais, and the common seal of the staple thereof. (fol. 65.)
page 130 note † This date is derived from documents in the State Paper Office, to which Miss Wood refers in her Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies, vol. ii. p. 226. Turpyn's chronicle (ante, p. 45) records that sir William had made an earlier visit to the town, on the 26th May in the same year, to attend a conference with the French ambassador Chabot.
page 132 note * Such an act was passed in the following year, 27 Hen. VIII. cap. 63, and will be found in the Statutes of the Realm, vol. iii. pp. 632–650. By another act, the 32 Hen. VIII. cap. 27, divers grants of offices within the towns of Calais, Guynes, Hammes, Ruysbanck, and the marches of the same, and in the town of Barwicke, such being “extraordinary and not the ordinary offices,” &c. as also sheriffwicks in Wales, all which were alleged to have been obtained of the crown by sinister means, were resumed, and made void. (Ibid. p. 784.)
page 133 note * The line is written by Sir William Fitzwilliam himself, together with his signature; and this word appears to be hovne, for own.
page 134 note * aliens.
page 136 note * The Vintayne was a regiment divided into companies, each of twenty men, and each commanded by a Vintener. In the present case, the companies were not complete, as each had only from twelve to sixteen men.
page 136 note † Even among the “vinteners” there are several names that look like men of good birth, as Thomas Willoughbie, Thomas Howard, Rowland Stafforde, Sampson Norton, John Calverley, and others. Among the constablerie are Richard Pelham, Thomas Chayney, Philip Tylney, and “Richarde Turpyn,” whom we have to thank for the Chronicle which forms the early part of the present volume.
page 139 note * William lord Sandys.
page 143 note * other in MS.
page 143 note * in two in MS.
page 152 note * harness, i.e. armour.
page 157 note * harness.
page 157 note † So in the MS.
* On this subject see another note appended to the Table of Contents, p. vi.
† Lord Berners married lady Katharine Howard, daughter of John duke of Norfolk.
* Cuthbert Tunstall.
† Sir John Wallop.
* See Statutes of the Realm, vol. iii. p. 649.
† The parliament met on the 8th June 1536.
‡ See these writs printed in Rymer, xiv. 567; and the like, dated 23 Nov. 33 Hen. VIII. 1541, ibid. p.740.
page 167 note * The duke of Saxony had married Sibilla sister of Anna of Cleves. William duke of Juliers, &c. was her brother.
page 168 note * The mode in which this programme was fulfilled is thus described by Hall: “The xi. day of Decembre, at the turnepyke on thys syde Gravelyng, was the lady Anne of Cleve receyved by the lorde Lysle, deputie of the town of Calice, and with the speres and horsemen belongyng to the retynue there, all beyng fresh and warlyke apparelled, and so marching toward Calice, a myle and more from the towne, met her grace the erle of Southampton gret admirall of England, and apparelled in a coate of purple velvet cut on cloth of golde, and tyed with great aglettes and treifoiles of golde, to the nombre of iiij. C., and baudrick-wise he ware a chayne, at the whych dyd hang a whystle of golde set with ryche stones of a great value. And in his company xxx. gentlemen of the kynges housholde, very rychly apparelled with gret and massy chaynes, and in especial syr Frauncis Bryan and syr Thomas Seymer's chaynes were of great valure and straunge fassyon. Besyde this, the lorde admirall had a great nombre of gentlemen in blew velvet and crymosyn sattyn, and his yomen in damask of the same colours, and the maryners of his ship in sattyn of Bridges, both coates and sloppes of the same colours; whych lorde admirall with low obeysaunce welcomed her, and so brought her into Calyce by the Lanterne gate, where the shippes laye in the haven garnyshed with their banners, pencelles, and flagges, pleasauntly to beholde. And at her entry was shot such a peale of gonnes, that all the retynew much merveiled at it. And at her entery into the towne, the mayer of the towne presented her with an C. marke in golde. And before the Staple-hall stoode the merchauntes of the staple, well apparelled, which lykewise presented her with a C. sovereyns of golde in a ryche pursse, which hertely thanked them, and so she rode to the kinges place called the Checker, and there she laye xv. dayes for lacke of prosperous wynde. Duryng whyche tyme goodly justes and costly bankettes wer made to her for her solace and recreation. And on S. Jhon's day in Christmas, she with 1. sayle toke passage about noone, and landed at Deele, in the downes, about v. of the clocke.”
The entertainment of the royal bride in Calais is further thus described in the narrative in the State Paper Office : “When she entered the Lantern gate she staid to view the king's ships, called the Lyon and the Sweep-stakes, which were decked with one hundred banners of silk and gold, wherein were two master-gunners, mariners, and thirty-one trumpets, and a double-drum that was never seen in England before ; and so her grace entered into Calais, at whose entering there was 150 rounds of ordnance let out of the said ships, which made such a smoke that not one of her train could see the other. The soldiers in the king's livery, of the retinue of Calais, the mayor of Calais, with his brethren, with the commons of Calais, the merchants of the king's staple, stood in order, forming a line through which she passed to her lodging ; and so the mayor and his brethren came to her lodging, and gave her fifty sovereigns of gold, and the mayor of the staple gave her sixty sovereigns of gold ; and on the morrow after she had a cannon shot, jousting, and all other royalty that could be devised in the king's garrison royal, and kept open household there, during the time that she did there remain, which was twenty days, and had daily the best pastimes that could be devised.”—Miss Strickland's Queens of England, vol. iv. p. 332.
A list of the “rewardes,” or presents of plate, given on this occasion to the ambassadors of Saxony and Juliers, and the several members of their suites, is preserved in MS. Cotton.
page 173 note * Perhaps an error for Gregory Cromwell, the writer of the letter noticed in p. 167.
page 173 note † In Miss Wood's Collection of Letters, iii. 142, is one from Mary lady Kingston, to lady Lisle, thewife of the deputy of Calais, desiring her “to be good lady unto my poor son, Harry Jerningham, the bearer,” on this occasion, and particularly to helpe him to procure a horse, if he met with any difficulty.
page 173 note ‡ Richard Sampson.
page 173 note § Thomas Cromwell.
page 173 note ‖ Christopher Hales.
page 174 note * Thomas Cranmer.
page 175 note * Cuthbert Tunstall.
page 175 note † John Harley.
page 175 note ‡ John Longland.
page 175 note § Robert Warton or Parfew.
page 175 note ‖ Thomas Goodrick, bishop of Ely.
page 175 note ¶ Thomas Boleyne, earl of Wiltshire.
page 176 note * Sir William Fitzwilliam.
page 176 note † Sir Edward Poyninges.
page 176 note ‡ Qu.?
page 179 note * Mompesson, of Wiltshire.
Note.—These names evidently constitute the “book” mentioned in p. 171. It does not follow that all were present on this occasion, but only that they were those who, from their rank and family, were entitled and expected to increase the state of such a court ceremonial, if they were able to attend. Edit.
* Proceedings, &c. of the Privy Council, vol. vii. p. 79.
† Ibid. p. 58.
‡ Ibid. p. 132.
§ Ibid. p. 162.
‖ Ibid. p. 32.
* This line is written by lord Lisle's own hand, and he certainly added k. to his name for knight, before which is a flourish that may have been intended as B. for Baron. See his signature, engraved in Autographs of Remarkable Personages in English History, 1829, plate 15.
page 185 note * So the MS.
I am indebted to Miss Wood's recent work for the following additional information relative to the causes which led to the disgrace of viscount Lisle,* collected from documents in the State Paper Office, where nineteen volumes of his papers are still preserved.
The previous disgrace and capital punishment of some of the inferior officers of the town is mentioned by Turpyn (ante, p. 47). Three of these were priests ; and religious differences still continued to disturb the peace of the community. Besides the person named Adam Damplip, or George Bowker (named in the preceding document), a priest called Ralph Hares, and sir William Smith, were active in dissuading the people against yielding credence to the new doctrines propagated by the king; and so much influence did they acquire, that mass, matins, and evensong were almost forsaken, and of the 1,700 persons who were parishioners of St. Mary's, Calais, not more than ten or twelve frequented the church. (Deputy and council to the bishops of Bath, Chichester, and Norwich, July 27,1539. Calais commissioners to the king, April 5, 1540.) Though lord Lisle officially professed himself an opponent of the Romish doctrines, he and his lady were suspected of really favouring them. Lord Lisle was also accused of want of management in his affairs, so that, for the sake of obtaining money, he was often compelled to put offices, &c. to sale, which should have been bestowed upon merit, and which thus often fell into the hands of improper persons. (Cromwell to lord Lisle ; Cromwell Corresp. bundle i, art. 20.)
In March 1540 the commission already mentioned, consisting of the earl of Sussex, sir John Gage, and others, amongst whom, as a matter of courtesy, lord Lisle's name was inserted, was sent over to examine into the state of laws and religion in Calais. (Instructions to Commissioners, ibid. art. 25 B.) They arrived on the 16th of March, and the result of their inquiries was that Calais had been very carelessly kept, that 200 of the garrison were mere boys, that strangers were permitted free access to the town, and were not restrained from walking on the walls and examining the fortifications ; that lord Lisle had communicated with the pope and cardinal Pole, and that he had presented Damplip with 5s. to whom lady Lisle had also given 15s. (Depositions on the examination of lord Lisle, ibid. art. 32.) On the pretext that the presence of the commissioners in Calais afforded lord Lisle a proper opportunity for a visit to the king, which he had long desired, he was re-called from his deputyship to England, by the royal letter given in p. 184, and on his arrival immediately sent prisoner to the Tower.
Having remained there nearly two years, his career had the melancholy termination thus described by Holinshed :—“After that by due triall it was knowen that hee was nothing giltie to the matter, the kyng appointed sir Thomas Wriothsley, his majesties secretarie, to goe unto hym, and to deliver to hym a ring, with a riche diamond, for a token from him, and to tell hym to be of good cheere, for although in that so weightie a matter hee woulde not have done lesse to hym if hee hadde bene his owne sonne, yet nowe upon thorough triall* had, sith it was manifestly proved that hee was voyde of all offence, hee was sory that hee hadde bene occasioned so farre to trie his truth, and, therefore, willed hym to bee of good cheere and comforte, for he should find that he woulde make accompt of him as of hys most true and faithfull kinsman, and not onely restore hym to his former libertie, but otherwise further be ready to pleasure hym in what he could. Master secretary set forth thys message with such effectuall words, as he was an eloquent and well spoken man, that the lord Lisle tooke suche immoderate joy thereof, that, his heart beeing oppressed therewith, hee dyed the night following through too much rejoycing.”
After the deputy's departure from Calais, the chronicler tells us (ante, p. 48) that “his goods were seized, his wife kept in one place, his daughter in another, and his [read her] daughters in another place, that none of them might speak with other, and all his servants discharged.” Miss Wood (iii. pp. 140, 141) has given several particulars of these transactions, including some curious extracts from the inventory of the goods seized. The ladies were detained in confinement at Calais, lady Lisle herself under the custody of Francis Hall, “a sad man,”—whose name has occurred at p. 137, nearly at the head of the list of “speres.” She was allowed the attendance of a gentlewoman, a chamberer, and a groom ; the rest of her lord's household, consisting of fifty men, a lackey, two kitchen boys, two women servants, and a laundress, being summarily dissolved.
There were no children of the marriage of lord and lady Lisle, but both had daughters of their former marriages, to whom there is no doubt that the passage of Turpyn's chronicle, as above amended, refers, Miss Wood having, in her interesting volumes, fully developed the history of the family. It appears that Arthur Plantagenet viscount Lisle had by his first wife Elizabeth lady Grey, widow of Edmond Dudley, three daughters, Frances, Elizabeth, and Bridget, besides a step-son, sir John Dudley, afterwards the celebrated duke of Northumberland. Honor lady Lisle, who was the third daughter of sir Thomas Grenville by his first wife Isabella daughter of Oates Gilbert esquire, had been the third wife of sir John Basset of Umberleigh, and (besides acquiring step-children by that alliance) she was by him the mother of four daughters, Philippa, Catharine, Anne, and Mary, and of three sons, John, George, and James, of whom the eldest, John, married the lady Frances Plantagenet, lord Lisle's eldest daughter.
Philippa and Mary Basset, together with their mother, underwent a strict examination : lady Lisle was supposed to have destroyed some papers which it was thought might have been prejudicial to her husband ; and Mary Basset was cruelly required to recollect what had been their contents. It can scarcely be supposed, however, that among the vast mass of papers which were seized, the materials necessary for the deputy's crimination would not have been discovered, had the disorders of Calais been found to have really resulted from the individual faults of the deputy, rather than from the defects pervading the several departments of its government.
Sir John Dudley (afterwards duke of Northumberland), as son and heir of lord Lisle's former wife, was created viscount Lisle on the 12th March 1542–3, a few days after his step-father's death.
page 186 note * Holinshed does not appear to have had any better foundation for his account of “the occasion of lord Lisle's trouble,” than a popular rumour (natural enough under the circumstances), “that he should be privie to a faction which some of his men had consented unto for the betraying of Calais to the French.” On the 4th of August, 1540, shortly after lord Lisle's first committal to the Towre, were hanged at Tybourn (with four other persons who had been attainted by the Parliament), Clement Philpot gentleman, late of Calais, and servant to the lord Lisle, and Edmund Brindholme priest, chapleyne to the saide lorde Lisle.
page 187 note * There was no public trial, or the surprise could not have been so great to lord Lisle. All the trial that took place must have been before the privy council, or royal commissioners.
* Printed in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1833, from MS. Reg. 17 A. IX.
† i. e. handsome equipment.
page 192 note * This bridge will be seen marked “the Cobroges” in the Map.
page 196 note * Maunds, baskets. In allusion to the king's gifts distributed to the poor on Maundy Thursday from the maunds or baskets in which the gifts were contained.—Spelman.
page 196 note † Proceedings, &c. of the Privy Council, edited by Sir N. H. Nicolas, vol. vii. p. 63.
page 196 note ‡ Ibid. p. 64.
page 197 note * Proceedings, &c. of the Privy Council, edited by Sir N. H. Nicolas, vol. vii. p. 66.
page 197 note † Ibid. p. 67.
page 197 note ‡ P. 73.
page 197 note § Pp. 74, 75.
page 197 note ‖ P. 79.
page 197 note ¶ P. 83.
page 197 note ** P. 100.
page 198 note * The miscalculations in this and some other places belong to the manuscript.
page 198 note † The buildings of the late monastery at Canterbury, as at various other places, were made to serve the office of a quarry.
page 205 note * The number filled up subsequently to the first writing.
page 205 note † The date filled in, and “next” substituted for “present.”
page 207 note * This inclosure is not preserved with the letter.
page 211 note * A later hand has indorsed upon the manuscript, “about 1513,”—just thirty years too soon.
page 212 note * piles or fortified towers.