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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 February 2010
page 2 note a Dixmew in Flanders. A full account of this action will be found in Hall and Holinshed. The Englishmen engaged were “the lord Daubeney chieftaine of the army, the lorde Morley, sir James Tirrell capitaine of Guysnes, sir Henry Willoughby, sir Gilbert Talbot, and sir Humfrey Talbot marshall of Calais, wyth divers other knyghtes and esquires, and others, of the garrisons of Hammes, Guysnes, and Callais, to the number of twoo thowsand men, or thereaboutes.” Sir Humphrey Talbot was left with BIX score archers at the water of Gravelyng, “for a stale,” and to keep the passage. Lord Morley, who “being on horseback in a riche coate, was slayne wyth a gunne,” was buried at Calais.
page 2 note b i. e. on his route to Boulogne.
page 2 note c Philippe de Creveceur seigneur des Querdes et de Lannoy, marshal of France lieutenant and captain general in Artois and Picardy. Rymer, xii. 497.
page 3 note a Thomas Savage.
page 3 note b Lord William de la Pole.
page 3 note c Sir Thomas Docwra, lord prior of St. John's.
page 3 note d Fortescue.
page 3 note e Richard Fox.
page 3 note f This Sir John Risley narrowly escaped being slain or captured at the siege of Boulogne in 1492, when riding round the town with Sir John Savage, who was killed by a sudden assault of the enemy.—Polydore Vergil.
page 4 note a Mountjoy.
page 4 note b The archduke Philip. See the Appendix.
page 5 note a Philip and Jane, the heiress of Castillo. The port at which they landed was Weymouth, not Falmouth. They were entertained by sir Thomas Trenchard, at his mansion of Wolveton in Dorsetshire; and he is traditionally said to have summoned to assist in their entertainment his kinsman John Russell, who had been in Spain, and was qualified to act as an interpreter. This was the means of Russell's introduction at Court, where he became lord privy seal, earl of Bedford, and the founder of the fortunes of that family. (See Wiffen's Memoirs of the Russells, vol. i. p. 181.) Portraits of the king and queen of Castille, which have been preserved in the Trenchard family, are engraved in Hutehins'g Dorsetshire, 1813, vol. iii. p. 22. A white china bowl, on a foot bound with silver, still at Wolveton, is also said to have been left by them. Their subsequent entertainment at court will be seen in Hall, and the other Chronicles.
page 5 note b This was in pursuance of a treaty made between Henry and Philip at Windsor 9 Feb. 1505–6, and to be seen in Rymer ; one of the articles of which was that neither sovereign should harbour any rebel subjects of the other. It has been suggested that the surrender of Edmund de la Pole was effected by some threat or dread of detention intimated to the king of Castille when in England. See the conversation stated by Hall to have taken place between the two kings on the subject. The duke (not earl) of Suffolk was nephew to king Edward the Fourth, being the son of the princess Elizabeth of York and John duke of Suffolk.
page 6 note a “And in the end of the moneth of March syr Edmond de la Pool was conveyed through the citie unto the Towre, and there left as prysoner.” (Fabyan.) He was beheaded in April 1513.
page 6 note b See a note in the Appendix.
page 6 note c Richard Fox.
page 7 note a The documents relating to this treaty will be found in Rymer, vol. xiii. pp. 171, 175 —189. “The duke of Burgoyne” is elsewhere called the Prince of Castille, and was afterwards the emperor Charles V. The Ambassadors of Maximilian his grandfather proceeded from Calais to England ; and “The Solempnities and Triumphes” performed on the ratification of the treaty were described in a tract printed by Richard Pynson, the substance of which was communicated by Sir Henry Ellis in 1814 to the Society of Antiquaries, and printed in the Archseologia, vol. xviii. pp. 33–39 ; and the tract itself, though imperfect, was reprinted for the Roxburghe club at the expense of John Dent, esq. in 1818. See further notices respecting the failure of this alliance in Ellis's Original Letters, 1st Series, vol. i. p. 113.
page 7 note b “This yere was the lord Darcy sent into Spaine to aide the kynge of Spayne agaynst the Mores, but peace was made before his aryvynge, and so returned.” Fabyan, under 3 Hen. VIII. See also in Hall a fuller narrative than the above.
page 7 note c i. e. Cadiz. See Dyce's Skelton, vol. i. p. 135 ; vol. ii. 196.
page 8 note a Sir Edward Poynings, K.G. For a fuller account of this expedition, the reader may again be referred to Hall.
page 8 note b Venloo.
page 8 note c So in MS. but qu. coste.
page 8 note d Charles, afterwards the emperor Charles V.
page 8 note e Instead of Darell, Hall gives the name of Thomas Lind.
page 8 note f Read Digby.
page 8 note g Hall mentions beside, the lord Clinton son-in-law to lord Poynings, sir Matthew Browne, John Warton (an error for Norton), Richard Whethrill, (read Whetehill) and —— Sherley, esquires.
page 9 note a The king of Spain had invaded Navarre, and England supported him in the hope of recovering Guienne. The English army, however, effected nothing, after having lost 800 men by sickness. See Stowe's Chronicle ; and Letters of Dr. William Knight to Wolsey, in Ellis's Original Letters, Second Series.
page 9 note b A more correct account of this catastrophe will be found in Hall. The English ship burnt was the Regent, not the Sovereign. The action was commenced by the latter, in which were sir Henry Guilford and sir Charles Brandon, “but by negligence of the maistre, or else by smoke of the ordinance, or otherwise, the Soveraigne was caste at the stern of the carrike.” The Regent, commanded by Sir Thomas Knevet, who had been preparing to board another vessel called “the great shippe of Deepe,” then suddenly made for the carrick, and was able “to craple with her along-boorde ;” and after a cruel fight the explosion took place, and both ships were burnt. With sir Thomas Knevet and sir John Carew were seven hundred men, who were all drowned or burnt; in the carrick were nine hundred Frenchmen, a few of whom were saved by the James of Hull. The carrick is said to have appertained to the queen of France, and was called Cordelier ; her commander sir Piers Morgan, which name perhaps is Anglicised. A letter of Wolsey, describing the loss of the Regent, is in MS. Cotton. Vitell. B. n. f. 180, and printed by Fiddes, Collections, No. 9.
page 9 note c i. e. surrendered.
page 10 note a This did not happen in May, but on the 25th April 1513, in an attempt to out out some French gallies in the harbour of Conquet. In a letter written by king James IV. (probably his last) to king Henry, dated Edinburgh, the 24th May, the event is thus alluded to, as an argument for peace between Christian princes: “And surlie, derrest brothir, we think mair lose is to you of joure lait admirall, quha deeessit to his grete honour and laude, than the avantage micht have bene of the vynnyng of all the Franche galeis and thair equippage. The saidis unquhile vailjeant knichtis service, and utheris noble men that mon on baith the sides apparently be perist, geve weir (if war) continew, war bettir applyt aponn the innemyis of Crist, quhairintill all cristen men war well warit,” It is melancholy to remark that, in less than four months after penning these lines, king James fell in battle fighting against an army of the “dearest brother” he thus addressed, and which was commanded by the father of the man of whom he here speaks in such handsome terms. Sir Edward Howard, K.G. was the third son of the carl of Surrey, soon after restored to the dukedom of Norfolk.
page 10 note b Sacheverall.
page 10 note c Thomas Docwra, the lord prior of St. John's.
page 10 note d Sir Charles Somerset, lord Herbert.
page 10 note e Sir Thomas Cornwall, baron of Burford.
page 11 note a Sir Edmund Carew.
page 11 note b Therouenne.
page 12 note a Darcy.
page 12 note b Sir John Pechy was “vice-governor of all the horsemen” in this campaign.—Hall.
page 12 note c Vaux.
page 12 note d This occurred on the 27th of June.—Hall.
page 12 note e Richard Fox.
page 12 note f Thomas Ruthall.
page 12 note g The earl of Essex was “lieutenant-generall of the spears.”—Hall.
page 12 note h Charles Brandon. He was “marshal of the host and captaine of the forewarde.” He had been created viscount Lisle on the 15th May preceding.
page 13 note a Fortescue.
page 13 note b brake.
page 13 note c Termed by Hall “a great curtail called the John Evangelist.” It was overthrown in a deep pond of water.
page 15 note a On the 1st Feb. 1514.
page 16 note a Abbeville. Two despatches written by the Earl of Worcester to Cardinal Wolsey and the King, dated respectively from Abbeville on the 3d and 13th of October, which are printed in Ellis's Original Letters, Second Series, give an interesting account of King Louis's reception of his bride ; and two letters of Mary herself to her brother and Wolsey, dated Abbeville, 12 Oct. are in the First Series of the same Collection. See also the Rutland Papers, p. 26.
page 16 note b Several despatches of these ambassadors are preserved in the MS. Cotton. Calig. D. TI. and some of them are printed in Ellis's Original Letters, Second Series.
page 16 note c The coronation took place at St. Denis on the 5th of November.
page 17 note a The duke of Suffolk, sir Richard Wingfield, and doctor West, “with a goodly bande of yomen, all in black,” (Hall) had been sent in embassy to Paris to negociate the settlement of the Queen's dower.
page 17 note b It was rumoured at the time (says Hall) that the queen and duke had been married secretly whilst at Paris, and it is now ascertained that such was the fact, and that the event took place about the latter end of February. In letters (unfortunately half burnt) in the MS. Cotton. Caligula, D. vi. this is stated by Suffolk himself, and alluded to by Wolsey: also in the miscellaneous Exchequer documents at the Rolls House (as I am kindly informed by Mrs. Green, who is engaged on the biography of the Princesses of England,) there is a draught in Wolsey's hand of a reproving letter from him to the duke of Suffolk on the subject, and a letter of exculpation from Mary to Henry VIII. The hotel de Clugny in Paris (which has recently been converted into a most interesting mediaeval museum) was the residence of la Uanche reine (as it was customary to term the royal widows), and was certainly the scene of this secret marriage. Some of our historical writers, as Sir Henry Ellis (Orig. Letters, 1st Series, i. 123), Sharon Turner, and the author of the Pictorial History of England, have stated that the public solemnity of the marriage took place at Calais ; but for this there appears no foundation. The marriage at Greenwich on the 13th of May is confirmed by several authorities: but it would have been unnecessary if any such solemnization had taken place at Calais.
page 17 note c Nicholas West.
page 17 note d i. e. Francis, afterwards Francis II., and Mary, afterwards queen of England. See various documents on this projected alliance in Rymer.
page 18 note a The Treaty for this measure was made at London on the 4th Oct. 1516 (Rymer, xiii, 642) ; and four days after a further Treaty was made for an interview to take place between Henry and Francis (ibid. 695). This, however, was deferred until 1520.
page 18 note b See the instrument bearing this date in Rymer, xiii. 694, and others relating to the sum of 600,000 crowns paid by the French king for the surrender, ibid. 697, et seq.
page 19 note a The list of names which now follows is to be compared with another formed on the same occasion which was inserted in the Rutland Papers, pp. 29–38. Of the latter document there is a duplicate copy in the Harleian MSS. No 2210, art. 1. bearing this title : “The appointment for the King and the Queen to Canterbury, and soe to Callais and Guisnes, to the meeting of the French king.” It supplies the following corrections or variations: Rutland Papers, p. 30, Bishops' servants, xxxiij. not xxxiiij ; the name mentioned in p. 32, note ( c ) occurs, it is Sir Nicholas Carew, not Carver ; p. 33, the Emperor's Ambassadors' horses, for xxiij read xviij ; the Venetian Ambassadors' servants, for xxiij read xviij. Among the Heralds, p. 34, is inserted Somerset, and among the Pursuivants Risebank. Among the Knights, p. 36, occurs the name of Sir William Reade, and Sir Thomas Trenchard is omitted. Both the countesses of Oxford are omitted, and the countess of Dorset inserted. P. 37, Every knight's wife that had no husband to have a gentleman, not a woman; sed qu? P. 38, for Aphard read Apleyard.
page 19 note b Thomas Wolsey.
page 19 note c William Warham.
page 19 note d Thomas Ruthall.
page 19 note e Nicholas West.
page 19 note f Geoffrey Blyth.
page 19 note g John Voysey, alias Harman.
page 19 note h Octavian de Palatio.
page 20 note a Cuthbert Tunatall.
page 23 note a John Fisher.
page 23 note b Charles Booth.
page 24 note a Lyle in the Rutland Papers.
page 24 note b In the Rutland Papers occurs Sir Marmaduke Constable, in this list, but not Sir Marmaduke Truby.
page 24 note c Ashton in the Rutland Papers.
page 24 note d “Lord John's wife.” Rutl. Papers.
page 24 note e “widowe.” Ibid.
page 28 note a Afterwards the Emperor Charles the Fifth. His letter to the King announcing his coming, dated Corunna, 29 April, is in the MS. Cotton. Vesp. C. vii. f. 34.
page 29 note a See a full programme of this interview in the Rutland Papers, pp. 50, et seq.
page 29 note b Charles VIII. See the memoir of Margaret duchess of Savoy in the Appendix.
page 30 note a In the correspondence of Wolsey, published in the State Papers under the authority of the Royal Commission, vol. i. will be found many letters relating to this embassy, commencing with No. xi. and extending to No. lii.
page 30 note b Nicholas West.
page 30 note c Thomas Ruthall.
page 30 note d The emperor's ambassadors were, the count of Gattinara, his chancellor, monsieur de Berghes, and others. Ibid. p. 27.
page 30 note e The French ambassadors were, Antoine du Prat chancellor of France, Jean de Selve president of the Parliament of Paris, and Jaques de Chabannes marquis de la Palisse, marshal of France. State Papers, I. i. 29. Voluminous manuscript records of this conference remain in the Royal Library of Paris, reference to which will be found in the Bibliotheque Hist, de la France, fol. 1771, torn. iii. p. 42.
page 31 note a Charles de Lannoy.
page 32 note a i. e. all that held.
page 33 note a See Wolsey Correspondence, State Papers, i. 123.
page 34 note a Valenciennes.
page 34 note b “His highnes (the king) is very sory of the plage, and the ferfent agues fallen in his army, to so great minishing of the same.” (Letter of More to Wolsey, 26 Sept. Wolsey Correspondence, p. 142.) A letter of Wolsey to the king, 7th Dec. reports the recovery by the French of the castles of Bohain and Beaurevoir, which were situate near the sources of the Scheldt and the Salle. (Ibid. p. 148.)
page 34 note c So in MS.
page 35 note a Fifth and youngest brother of Edmund duke of Suffolk, who had been beheaded in 1513 (as before noticed, p. 6) for the crime of consanguinity to the Crown.
page 35 note b It will be obvious to the reader that this list of names is full of gross errors : for instance, “de Battremele” is apparently placed for la Tremouille; but as the event recorded is foreign to the main subject of this volume, it may be left with the remark that the MS. has been literally followed.
page 36 note a Ulric I. Duke of Wurtemburg.
page 37 note a Ferrara.
page 37 note b On this embassy see the Wolsey Correspondence, State Papers, vol. i. No. cviii. which contains the instructions for his mission, and the subsequent papers, to No. cxxxvii. The following is the account given by him to the king of his arrival and reception in Calais. “This daye (11 July) I entred in-to my ship, in Dover rode, bitwen thre and fowre of the clok in the mornyng ; and, our Lord be thanked, had soo good and pleasaunt passage, that I arryved here at your Graces towne of Calays, with the ambassadours, and a right good parte of my trayne, by nyne of the clok. At which myne arryval, I was lovingly and honnorably receyved by your Graces deputie, tresaurer, and other your officers and counsailours here ; with whom, after dyner, having a long discourse of the state of your said towne, I founde the same in noo litel disordre, and, for lak of reparations, in marvelous decaye, clerely unfurnished of tymbre, ston, borde, and of every other thing requisite for the same, gretly unprovyded of vitayl, and the poore souldgiers far behinde and un payde of ther wages; al which fautes, errours, and lakkes, I trust to redubbe, afore my retourne unto your highnes out of theire parties.” (p. 212.) The account of the expenses of this Embassy will be found abstracted in the Appendix to the present volume.
page 38 note a Cuthbert Tunstall.
page 38 note b Hugh Inge, bishop of Dublin.
page 40 note a Mons. de Bayes, capitayne of Boulogne. He really arrived on the 17th, as appears by two letters in the Wolsey Correspondence, p. 218.
page 40 note b John Clerk.
page 40 note c Wolsey was met at Sandingfleld by the Cardinal of Lorraine, the lieutenant of Picardy (de Brion), and a retinue of 1000 horsemen, who congratulated him. See Wolsey Correspondence, p. 222, where also may be found some account of the compliments, presents, and pageantry, that awaited him at Boulogne and Montrueil.
page 41 note a Cuthbert Tunstall.
page 41 note b Cambray.
page 41 note c Stephen Gardiner.
page 41 note d John Stokesley.
page 41 note e John Longland.
page 41 note f John Clerk.
page 43 note a This is a mistake. The king of Navarre was not elected of the Garter ; but two Frenchmen were elected on this occasion, namely, Anne de Montmorency count de Beaumont (afterwards duke de Montmorency), grand master, and Philip de Chabot count de Neublanche, admiral of France. “This honour was conferred upon those illustrious subjects of Francis I. in return for the investiture of the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk with the order of St. Michael at Boulogne three days previously.”—Beltz's Memorials of the Order of the Garter, p. xcii ; Anstia, Register of the Garter, vol. ii. p. 391.
page 44 note a See the Appendix.
page 44 note b So created on the 1st Sept. preceding ; she was married to the king in January following.
page 44 note c John Bourchier, lord Berners ; see note in the Appendix.
page 45 note a Chabot. See the note in p. 43.
page 45 note b So in MS.
page 46 note a Stephen Gardiner.
page 46 note b Edward Fox.
page 46 note c In the Exeerpta Historica, 1831, is printed a contemporary account by a Portuguese gentleman of the executions of queen Anne, lord Rochford, &c. containing the speech of lord Rochford, at somewhat greater length than here given, but entirely to the same purport, a very remarkable confirmation of its accuracy.
page 47 note a Edward Fox
page 47 note b i. e. bees.
page 47 note c Note in margin.—The xij. of Marche thes ij. pristes wer araigned in the Gwild hall at London, and condemned for the pope's suppremacy.
page 48 note a Read John.
page 48 note b Ferdinando de San Severino, prince of Salerno : see the Appendix.
page 48 note c A brother of the duke of Ferrara.