No CrossRef data available.
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 December 2009
[Sept. 1759] Being desired by Lady Yarmouth and the Duke of Newcastle to speak to the King to give the Garter to Lord Temple, I took the opportunity of taking leave in the Closet before I went to Chatsworth. I waited some time to see whether H.M. would begin upon the subject, but as he seemed rather to avoid it, I told him that the Duke of Newcastle was very uneasy that he could not prevail with H.M. to comply with Mr. Pitt's request.
The King said: ‘No, my Lord, I will not do it, the fellow has had too much from me, I will never do anything more for him.’
1 The Countess of Yarmouth, George II's mistress.
2 Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle, First Lord of the Treasury, 1754–56 and June 1757–May 1762. Newcastle, to Devonshire, , 5 09 1759Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32895, f. 193.
3 Richard Temple Grenville, 2nd Earl Temple, head of the Grenville connection and brother-in-law to Pitt, Lord Privy Seal since 1757.
4 Devonshire wrote in the left margin: ‘Temple with hard name’.
5 William Pitt, Secretary of State for the South, Dec. 1756–Apr. 1757 and since June 1757.
6 Devonshire added on the left-hand page the following: ‘Pitt told Duke of Newcastle that he should declare himself an unfavoured minister; he did not say he would resign but that he would try whether he could not remain the minister of the public to perhaps well and neither Court or to that effect.’
7 To Lady Yarmouth.
8 Neapolitan envoy in London, 1753–63.
9 George II.
10 Charles III, King of Spain, former King of Naples, who in Sept. 1759 had succeeded his brother Ferdinand VI.
11 Shortly after his accession Charles III had issued a Declaration in which he emphasized his concern that the British victories in North America might disturb ‘the equilibrium in America established by the Treaty of Utrecht’, and announced his desire to mediate. Gray to Pitt, 27 Sept. 1759 (copy), Add. MSS. 32896, ff. 131–3; Bristol, to Pitt, , 26 09 1759Google Scholar, S.P.F. 94/160.
12 Charles Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia, had ceded the Duchy of Placentia to Don Philip, younger brother to Charles III of Spain, in 1748, on condition of a reversion to Sardinia on Don Philip's death without issue or on the succession of the King of Naples to the throne of Spain.
13 George Grenville, brother to Temple, Treasurer of the Navy.
14 News of the fall of Quebec, which reached London on 16 Oct. had greatly strengthened Pitt's position.
15 George II.
16 There were two Münchhausen brothers, the elder Gerlach, Minister of State in Hanover, the younger Philip Adolph, Hanoverian Minister in London.
17 Georg Friedrich von Steinberg, Hanoverian envoy to Denmark.
18 The letters relayed vaguely worded peace proposals from France and an offer by Denmark to mediate. Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 31 10 1759Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32897, f. 513.
19 Compensation for the devastation of Hanover by the retreating French army in 1758, in the form of the Bishoprics of Hildesheim, Paderborn and Osnabrück.
20 Montreal was not taken until Sept. 1760.
21 The residence of the Prince of Wales and the name given to his political adherents.
22 Robert D'Arcy, 4th Earl of Holderness, Secretary of State for the North.
23 Here Devonshire resumed his account of his conversation with Lady Yarmouth.
24 Devonshire was right. Tension between Pitt and Leicester House had originated in the year preceding, over his not properly consulting the Prince of Wales and Bute over the despatch of British regiments to Germany.
25 As Hardwicke observed in his letter to Newcastle of 6 Oct.: ‘I should think if by this means the King could gain Mr. Pitt from Leicester House it ought to be a strong reason with him to do it.’ Add. MSS. 32896, f. 322.
26 Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor, 1737–56. Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 11 09 1759Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32895, f. 326; Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 12, 20 09 1759Google Scholar; Add. MSS. 32895, ff. 326, 361–4; 32896, ff. 1–3.
27 See p. 24.
28 The future George III.
29 The Privy Seal.
30 4th Earl of Rochford,Lord of the Bedchamber and Groom of the Stole to George II, 1755–60.
31 Parliamentary History, xv. 947–50Google Scholar. Newcastle, to Pitt, , 14 11 1759Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32898, ff. 245–6.
32 i.e. the war in North America.
33 Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick,Commander-in-Chief of the allied army in Germany.
34 In late September Sir Joseph Yorke, Hardwicke's third son, who was British Minister at the Hague, had received several letters from the Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst under the pseudonym of Mdme. de Beaumer. Add. MSS. 35419, ff. 26–9. She was mother to Catherine, the wife of the Czarevitch Peter, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, nephew to the Empress Elizabeth. The daughter was the future Catherine II the Great. Yorke relayed the letters to Newcastle who, without informing Pitt, disclosed them to the Prussian Minister Dodo von Knyphausen and Holderness. Holderness divulged the matter to Pitt who soundly rated Newcastle and Yorke.
35 See Devonshire, to Newcastle, , 15 11 1759Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32898, f. 261.
36 As Countess Temple suo jure in 1749.
37 At this time Britain and Prussia were preparing to issue a joint declaration calling for a Congress, from which George II hoped to win territorial gains for Hanover. For the Declaration presented at the Hague by Yorke on 25 Nov., see Thackeray, , ii. 470–1.Google Scholar
38 See Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 16 11 1759Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32898, ff. 284–9.
39 William Murray, 1st Baron, later Earl of Mansfield, Lord Chief Justice of England since 1756.
40 See Memorandum 22 Nov. 1759, Add. MSS. 32899, ff. 35–6. ‘Dédommagement’ came to nothing: The King never secured the three bishoprics.
41 Francesco Guiseppe, Count Viry, Sardinian Minister in London.
42 John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute.
43 See p. 26.
44 Gilbert Elliot, M.P.
45 This entry of 17 Nov. 1759 would seem to refer to a hitherto unknown attempt by Bute at a reconciliation with Pitt. The first attempt of which record previously existed was in May 1760, when Elliot tried to secure Pitt's agreement to Bute's taking the Treasury whenever the Prince of Wales might succeed, to meet with a decided rebuff. Elliot, 362–5.
46 Whereby the Empress-Queen, in return for yielding to the Duchies of Parma and Guastalla to Don Philip, Charles Ill's brother, was to receive the allodials of the House of Medici in Tuscany and a portion of the Presidii.
47 The King of Sardinia.
48 See p. 26, n. 190.
49 An allusion to Newcastle, the Princess of Wales and Bute.
50 George, Prince to Bute, , 16 11 1759Google Scholar. Sedgwick, No 34.
51 Henry Fox, Paymaster General and friend of Cumberland, the King's third son.
52 On 21 Nov. 1759 Newcastle wrote to Hardwicke: ‘My real opinion is, that Mr. Pitt's present intention is to unite himself most cordially and confidentially with your Lordship and me and our friends.’ Add. MSS. 32899, ff. 7 8.
53 Augustus III, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony.
54 Archbishop Prince Clement Augustus of Bavaria.
56 See p. 29, n. 34.
56 See p. 30, n. 27.
57 Admiral 1st Baron Anson, First Lord of the Admiralty.
58 Count Felix d'Abreu, Spanish Ambassador in London.
59 Dated 5 Dec. 1759. See Pitt, to Bristol, , 1759Google Scholar (secret), S.P.F. 94/160.
60 Pitt to d'Abreu, 13 Dec. 1759, S.P.F. 94/160.
61 Because his eldest son was mentally defective, Charles III had devised a settlement whereby his second son Charles would succeed as King of Spain and his third son Ferdinand to Naples and Sicily.
62 General Richard Wall, Prime Minister of Spain.
63 See p. 26, n. 12.
64 Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748.
65 Marquis de Squillaci, Neapolitan Foreign Minister.
66 Evidently the Memorial had been drafted and despatched by Squillaci on orders from Charles III whilst he was travelling from Naples to Spain.
67 The Queen of Spain, Maria Amelia of Saxony.
68 Count Bernado Tanuci, Neapolitan Prime Minister.
69 Bristol, to Pitt, , 4 and 19 12 1759Google Scholar, S.P.F. 94/160.
70 Admiral 4th Viscount Howe.
71 Duke of Aiguillon, Governor of Brittany.
72 Rather tactlessly, d'Aiguillon showed Howe the full powers given him by Choiseul to treat for peace on English soil had the invasion succeeded. See Anson to Newcastle, 27 Dec. 1759, Add. MSS. 32900, ff. 351–3.
73 The Empress Maria Theresa.
74 See Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 30 12 1759Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32900, ff. 423–4.
75 See Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 29 12 1759Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32900, ff. 399–401.
76 Pitt realized too that once peace between Britain and France was in sight, parliamentary support for Frederick II's subsidy would be unobtainable. See Newcastle to Hardwicke, 2 Jan. 1760, Add. MSS. 32901, f. 42.
77 Joseph Yorke, see p. 29, n. 34.
78 Count d'Affry, French representative at the Hague.
79 Yorke, to Newcastle, , 1 01 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32901, ff. 1–4.
80 Intelligence (Versailles), 24 Dec. 1759, Add. MSS. 32900, ff. 270–3.
81 Friedrich August von Finck, defeated by the Austrians at Maxen that October.
82 William Beckford, M.P., Alderman of the City of London.
83 Sir John Philipps, 6th Bart., M.P.
84 To assure the requisite property qualification of £300 p.a. in land for knights of the shire.
85 See Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 26 01 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32901, f. 479.
86 1st Viscount Ligonier, Field Marshal and Commandcr-in-Chief since Cumberland's resignation, 1757.
87 Lord George Sackville, M.P., third son of the 1st Duke of Dorset, court-martialled after his disobedience at the battle of Minden.
88 General the 2nd Baron Cadogan, Governor of Gravesend and Tilbury.
89 The court martial was requested by Sackville himself.
90 Lieut-General James St. Clair.
91 General Richard Onslow, Governor of Plymouth.
92 Holderness, to Ferdinand, Prince, 22 01 1760Google Scholar, S.P. 87/37, ff 8–9.
93 Frederick II had been heavily defeated at Kunersdorf and Maxen.
94 Henry Pelham, First Lord of the Treasury, 1743–54, when his brother Newcastle succeeded him.
95 See p. 26, n. 19.
96 See p. 35.
97 i.e. to Lady Yarmouth.
98 About the King's alleged coolness.
99 To the proposed Congress, which never met. See p. 35, n. 84.
100 2nd Marquis of Rockingham, Lord of the Bedchamber since 1751, who was to receive the Garter at the same time as Temple and Prince Ferdinand.
101 Temple, to Devonshire, , 31 01 1760Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 402/5.
102 Temple, to Devonshire, , 31 01 1760Google Scholar (two letters), Chatsworth MSS. 402/6.
103 Newcastle, to Devonshire, , 31 01 1760Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 182/136.
104 Princess Augusta of Wales, sister to the Prince of Wales, the future George III.
105 Prince William, third son of Frederick Prince of Wales and younger brother to George III, received the Garter in 1762 and was created Duke of Gloucester in 1764.
106 Edward, Duke of York, second son of Frederick Prince of Wales and senior brother to George III, had been nominated K.G. on 13 Mar. 1752, the day before his fourteenth birthday, and was installed on 4 June following.
107 Sir Andrew Mitchell, British Minister to Prussia, to Holderness, 12 Feb. 1760, S.P.F. 90/75.
108 Elizabeth of Russia and Maria Theresa.
109 René François, Baillie de Froulay, Maltese representative in Paris, 1741–66. The letter was conveyed by a young Prussian nobleman, Georg Ludwig von Edelsheim. The overture proved abortive but Edelsheim was subsequently sent to London to submit the relevant correspondence. Newcastle sent copies to Devonshire on 18 Apr. 1760, Add. MSS. 32904, f. 260; Chatsworth MSS. 260/268.
110 2nd Earl of Bristol, Ambassador to Spain, to Pitt (secret), 11 Feb. 1760, S.P.F. 94/161.
111 Marquis d'Ossun, Spanish Ambassador in Madrid, 1759–79. Count Rosenberg, Austrian Ambassador in Madrid, 1756–65.
112 Alexander Boswell, Lord Auchinleck, Lord of the Court of Sessions, to Robert Dundas, Lord Arniston, Lord Advocate, 20 Mar. 1760, Add, MSS. 32903, ff. 400–3.
113 Boswell, to Holderness, , 12 10 1759Google Scholar, Eg. MSS. 3434, ff. 246–7. Holderness to Boswell, [Jan. 1760], Eg. MSS. 3434, ff. 280–1.
114 Ferdinand, Prince to Pitt, , 23 05 1760Google Scholar (copy), Add. MSS. 32906, ff. 229–30.
115 Pitt, to Newcastle, , 06 1 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32906, f. 410.
116 Against Belleisle, which Pitt had planned but Newcastle opposed.
117 The militia was a hobby-horse of Pitt but always disliked by Devonshire, Newcastle and Hardwicke, and by the King. Although the militia never captured the popular imagination in the way Pitt had hoped, he now proposed making the institution perpetual.
118 Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 12, 19 10 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32913, ff. 67–71, 207 10.
119 Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston, M.P., Hardwicke's eldest son, had as Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire run up against popular opposition to the militia during the autumn of 1757.
120 Andrew Stone, M.P., a commissioner of trade, formerly private secretary to Newcastle.
121 A general election was due in 1761.
122 13 Nov. 1759, in the debate on the Address.
123 Devonshire's meaning is obscure. Temple was trying to convey that Pitt and his following could not consent to a postponement, but that he personally would be ready to see the militia dropped once the war was over.
124 To take Belleisle.
125 George II died early in the morning of 25 Oct., to be succeeded by his grandson George III.
126 In Nov. 1756.
127 Horatio Walpole was Ambassador to Paris, 1724–7. The 1st Earl Waldegrave was chargé d'affaires until Mar. 1738. George I deposited 3 copies of his Will, with Dr. Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury, the Imperial Chancellery at Vienna, and Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. George II extracted all three, the second in return for a guarantee of the Pragmatic Sanction and the third in return for a subsidy.
128 Alternately Leicester House.
129 To take Belleisle.
130 On 30 Apr. 1760 Gilbert Elliot, a friend to both Pitt and Bute, had spoken to Pitt about the suggestion that Bute might assume the head of the ministry as First Lord of the Treasury whenever the new reign might come about. Much to the annoyance of the future George III, Pitt had refused even to consider the matter. At seven o'clock, following the first Privy Council of the new reign on Oct. 25, Bute saw Pitt and assured him that he had abandoned all thought of taking the Treasury. Elliot, , 362–5Google Scholar; Sedgwick, , 44–6Google Scholar. See p. 11.
131 From the outset, Newcastle, Hardwicke and Devonshire wrongly convinced themselves that Pitt, so far from keeping Bute in his place, had struck a deal to back his taking the Treasury in place of Newcastle.
132 The German Will was dated 3 Apr. 1751 (O.S.), the English Will 11 Apr. 1751 (O.S.). Copies of George II's Wills and Codicils are in the Niedersäscheisches staatsarchiv Hanover K.G. Gal. Or. Des 3 Abtl. I, No. 35. See also ‘Opinion of King's Advocate Hay, Attorney-General Pratt and Solicitor-General Yorke on the bequest made by King George II of his Jewels.’ 12 Feb. 1761, T.S. 18, 249, part 1. 08320.
133 The Battle of Dettingen, 1743.
134 The general purport is plain: Cumberland had made no attempt to conceal his contempt for Bute and Devonshire had been asked, certainly by the King, to remonstrate.
135 Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 29 10 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32913, ff. 426–9.
136 4th Duke of Bedford, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, had left Dublin having completed his term of residence, and began regularly to attend Cabinet meetings in London.
137 The reference is unlikely to be to Hardwicke, because Devonshire has objected to his advice. Stone or Dupplin are very possible.
138 Charles I, Duke of Brunswick, his brother Prince Ferdinand and his son Charles the Hereditary Prince.
139 Sackville had been court-martialled in Mar. 1760 and declared ‘unfit to serve His Majesty in any military capacity whatsoever.’
140 George, III to Ferdinand, Prince, 19 12 1760, S.P. 87/38.Google Scholar
141 Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 29 10 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32913, ff. 426–9.
142 George II's funeral.
143 Cumberland, to Devonshire, , 30 10 1760Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 332/10.
144 The residence of Augusta Princess of Wales.
145 Hanoverian Minister in London.
146 A reference to the codicils to the English and German Wills, dated respectively 6 Oct. 1757 and 15 Sept. 1759; see p. 44, n. 132.
147 Identity not known.
148 An allusion to Count Heinrich von Brühl, Prime Minister to Augustus III, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.
149 Sackville had presented himself at the King's first Levee, to be received graciously.
150 Pitt seems to be suggesting that the King was to be used to protect Sackville.
151 George III's Declaration to the Privy Council on the first day of the reign, composed by Bute, had ended with these words:‘… as I mount the throne in the midst of a bloody war, I shall endeavour to prosecute it in a manner most likely to bring an honourable arid lasting peace.’ Pitt had insisted upon the substitution in the published verison of ‘expensive but just and necessary’ for ‘bloody’, and that the words ‘in concert with our allies’ be added.
152 i.e. to Prince Ferdinand.
153 To Belleisle.
154 Admiral Hawke's reply to Anson's request for a report on the feasibility of the Belleisle expedition, in which he not only advised against the scheme but suggested the establishment of a permanent bridgehead on the French mainland. In Pitt's opinion Hawke went beyond his proper terms. Hawke, to Anson, , 17 10 1760Google Scholar, Add. Mss. 32913, ff. 163–6.
155 The Royal Household.
156 2nd Earl Gower, whose sister Gertrude was the Duchess of Bedford.
157 The then Master of the Wardrobe.
158 Gower became Master of the Wardrobe and Robinson was compensated with a peerage as Lord Grantham.
159 By the end of 1760 Prince Ferdinand had been driven out of Hesse.
160 The Glorious Revolution of 1688.
161 The King's Speech. To select Hardwicke was a change, for Pitt had insisted upon drawing up the Speech for the four previous Sessions.
162 Bute called the militia ‘this most constitutional idea’. Bute to George Townshend, 19 Nov. 1760, Bute MSS. 107.
163 A most remarkable departure for Devonshire.
164 This must refer to a Council meeting made up of Bute, Pitt, Hardwicke and Devonshire. Over the militia Bute will have sided with Pitt.
165 John Clavering, Groom of the Bedchamber to George II.
166 i.e. to sit the watch over the late King's body.
167 As Lord of the Bedchamber.
168 The House of Lords had in 1711 passed a resolution condemning the conferment of peerages of Great Britain upon Scots peers, who were deemed represented by the 16 peers allowed under the Act of Union of 1707. Bute entered Parliament in 1761 as a representative Scots peer but the objection was circumvented by the creation of the barony of Mountstuart of Wortley for Lady Bute, which must pass together with the earldom of Bute to their eldest son.
169 Which had still to be arranged.
170 Sir Richard Grosvenor, 7th Bart., became Baron Grosvenor and John Spencer Viscount Spencer in 1761.
171 Probably Gilbert Elliot.
172 1st Earl of Bath.
173 Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1658 9.
174 Andrew Stone.
175 Against Belleisle, on 13 Nov. Yorke, iii. 311.
176 Henry Bilson Legge, M.P.
177 Meaning unclear but Pitt was almost certainly referring to himself, not the King. Hardwicke to Newcastle, 7 Nov. 1760, Add. MSS. 32914, ff. 169–70.
178 See p. 56, n. 168.
179 James Grenville, a lord of the Treasury and younger brother to Earl Temple and George Grenville.
180 He had been Groom of the Stole to George II.
181 i.e. domestic politics.
182 In June 1760, following the collapse of the Yorke-d'Affry talks, d'Affry was succeeded as Spanish Ambassador by Count Fuentes.
183 The first mention of the ‘Spanish grievances’. For years Spain had challenged the British ‘right of search’ on the high seas in time of war. On 9 Sept. Fuentes had presented Pitt with two Memorials, the one advocating Spanish claims to participate in the Newfoundland Fisheries, the other relating to the British right to cut logwood in Honduras, S.P.F. 94/162.
184 Pitt to Bristol, 26 Sept. 1760, notifying him of the Cabinet decision to reject the Spanish claim to participate in the Newfoundland Fishery but offering to continue negotiating over logwood, S.P.F. 94/162.
185 Pitt had given merely a verbal acknowledgement of the two Memorials, at which he expressed considerable surprise. Résponde verbale faite à M. le Comte de Fuentes par M. Pitt, 16 Sept. 1760, S.P.F. 94/162.
186 Arthur Onslow, Speaker of the House of Commons since 1727.
187 General Richard Wall, Prime Minister of Spain.
188 Fuentes had been Spanish Minister at Turin, 1754–8, and a strong opponent of France.
189 In the late reign surplus was rare and at best negligible.
190 Memorandum, 26 Nov. 1760, Add. MSS. 32915, f. 78.
191 The Militia Act of 1757 was for five years.
192 Privy Council of Ireland, 26 Nov. 1760, S.P. 63/418, f. 344. Bedford MSS. XLII, No. 221 (Two bills enclosed).
193 George Stone, Archbishop of Ireland and Primate of Armagh, 1747–64.
194 This letter has not been traced.
195 Bedford as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was insistent that, after the usual principle, the Lords Justices be required to transmit the money bill. Bedford, ii. 421–3.Google Scholar
196 Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 2 12 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32915, ff. 246–7.
197 Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 3 12 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32915, ff. 268–71. Hardwicke had been absent from Council owing to a severe cold.
198 Viscount Fitzmaurice was in 1761 to succeed as 2nd Earl of Shelburne and Lord Wycombe in the peerage of Great Britain. He had distinguished himself as an officer in the army of Prince Ferdinand, and had attached himself to Bute.
199 Lord George Lennox, brother to the 3rd Duke of Richmond, Lord of the Bedchamber. Richmond resigned in protest, which effrontery George III never forgave. Devonshire to Bute, 9 Dec. 1760, Bute MSS.
200 Charles Fitzroy, M.P., A.D.C. to Prince Ferdinand and younger brother to the 3rd Duke of Grafton.
201 Newcastle, to Devonshire, , 4 12 1760Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 182/157.
202 4th Earl of Oxford.
203 2nd Baron Bruce, after 1776 Earl of Ailesbury.
204 George Pitt, M.P.
205 Norborne Berkeley, M.P.
206 William Northey, M.P.
207 Devonshire, to Newcastle, , 5 12 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32915, f. 286.
208 All these appointments were Tory.
209 Newcastle, to Yorke, Joseph, 5 12 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32915, f. 308.
210 Devonshire inserted in the left margin: ‘he [Newcastle] thought some might be necessary.’
211 i.e. that he would have the choice of the new Parliament.
212 Frederick II's letter of condolence to Pitt of 7 Nov. 1760, upon the death of George II, wherein he outlined his views on peace and expressed his confidence in Pitt. Chatham, ii 77–9.Google Scholar
213 Dodo Heinrich, Baron von Knyphausen, Prussian Minister in London.
214 Knyphausen's report to Frederick II, 5 Dec. 1760. Talks were in progress between London and Berlin, with a view to a new agreement allowing Britain to make a separate peace, which article IV of the treaty of 1758 had forbidden. Conditions of a new treaty were to be that Prussia receive security guarantees together with an increased subsidy. D.Z.A., Rep. 36. 33. D, ff. 135–6.
215 A reference to the events of 1746 and 1754–7, when Pitt and his Grenville brothers-in-law were considered to have pressed their own interests further than decency allowed.
216 Spencer, John to Newcastle, , 27 11 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32915, ff. 115–16.
217 George III to Bute, [mid-Nov.] 1760, Sedgwick, 49.
218 Which he did next day. See Minute of Newcastle's conversation with Count de Viry, 9 Dec. 1760, Add. MSS. 32915, ff. 358–60.
219 9th Earl of Kinnoull, formerly Viscount Dupplin.
220 Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 11 12 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32915, ff. 399–400.
221 A lengthy document entitled Précis de la Dépêche, sent to Frederick II on Dec. 12, in which he was asked to submit his financial requirements in the event of a separate peace between Britain and France.
222 Holderness, Secretary of State for the North, had the right to conduct Prussian correspondence.
223 John Garteret, 2nd Earl Granville, Lord President of the Council.
224 The Council discussed terms for a separate negotiation with France acceptable to Frederick II. Knyphausen was to be informed that as on the following day, 12 Dec. the Prussian subsidy was due for a final renewal before the treaty expired in May 1762, a statement of his master's intentions was necessary, especially with a view to his seeking an accommodation with Austria and Russia. Charles Jenkinson, Memorandum, Add. MSS. 38333, ff. 40–61. Knyphausen to Frederick II, 5 and 12 Dec. 1760, D.Z.A., Rep. 96. 33. D. Vol. XV, ff. 135–8, 157 8.
225 The appointments to the Bedchamber.
226 The 1st Earl of Powis, Lord Lieutenant of Salop. For Bath's successful intrigue to oust Powis see Namier, L. B., The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (1939), 325Google Scholar et seq.
227 Devonshire, to Newcastle, , 17 12 1760Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32916, f. 152.
228 Bath's unsuccessful attempt to put up his son Viscount Pulteney as candidate for Shrewsbury.
229 Powis, to Devonshire, , 16 12 1760Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 320. 9A.
230 Henry Bridgeman, M.P.
231 Brooke Forester, M.P.
232 Lieut-General William Whitmore, M.P.
233 Old Whigs of the Powis connection.
234 On 2 Feb. 1737, when Walpole defeated by a narrow margin the opposition motion to augment the Civil List provision for Frederick Prince of Wales.
235 Powis accepted the Lord Lieutenancy of Montgomeryshire in lieu of Salop. However on Bath's death in 1764 Powis was reappointed to Salop.
236 Thomas Orby Hunter, M.P., to Bute, 10 Dec. 1760: ‘As to Winchelsca election. Desires the King's protection’; Register of Bute's correspondence, Add. MSS. 36796, f. 59.
237 The 2nd Earl of Egremont.
238 Devonshire had spent the Christmas holiday at Chatsworth.
239 Admiral Edward Boscawen, M.P., died on 10 Jan. 1761, after a short illness.
240 Sir Edmund Thomas, 3rd Bart., M.P.
241 First cousin to Newcastle, for whom he acted as agent in Sussex, and at present a Lord of Trade.
242 John Yorke, M.P., was appointed to the Board of Trade that March.
243 Identity not known.
244 Viscount Villiers, M.P., who became a Lord of Admiralty.
245 See pp. 69–70.
246 The first mention that Bute might become Secretary of State for the North in place of Holderness.
247 Over the Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst's letter, see p. 29, n. 34.
248 A report prepared by the Crown lawyers at George III's request, dated 13 Jan. 1761, on the two Wills of George II, the English and the German. It was the unanimous opinion of the lawyers that by the terms of the German Will, jewels which George II had bought with his own money or had been left to him by his ancestors, were to pass to George III, whilst by the English Will all the other jewels were to go to Cumberland. T.S. 8/249, Pt. 1; Chatsworth MSS. 622.2. Unfortunately the report followed the Wills in not making a clear distinction between the German and the English effects of the late King and to specify the jewels that might be deemed the property of Cumberland.
249 Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 20 01 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32917, f. 435.
250 William III.
251 Pitt was in fact referring to William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland. It was his son the 2nd Earl who was given a dukedom by George I in 1716.
252 1st Earl of Albemarle.
253 Bute's Scots and Stuart descent.
254 Recently George Grenville had been moving away from Pitt in Bute's direction, largely through the instrumentality of Charles Jenkinson.
255 Grenville never became Speaker. He was admitted to the nominal Cabinet that February.
256 Newcastle ascribed.Bute's hesitancy ‘to a jealousy that we have more management for Mr. Pitt than he wishes or designs we should have.’ Secret Memorandum, 27 Jan. 1761, Add. MSS. 32918, ff. 82–6.
257 Mitchell, to Holderness, , 3 01 1761Google Scholar (secret), S.P.F. 90/77.
258 For Frederick's terms see ibid.; Frederick, II to Knyphausen, , 19, 21, 28 12 1760Google Scholar, 3 Jan. 1761; Politische Correspondenz Friedrichs des Grossen, ed. G.B. Volz et al., 46 Vols. (1879–1939), xx. 162–8, 175–7.Google Scholar
259 Pitt had always suspected Mitchell of an unnecessary compliance towards Frederick II. In 1758 he had briefly contemplated Mitchell's recall but relented after a personal intervention by Frederick.
260 Pitt was not accusing Frederick II of some conspiracy with Louis XV, but he perceived the unnatural element in the alliance between France and Austria.
261 The christening of the son of the and Earl of Ashburnham.
262 The 3rd Earl of Albemarle, an old military favourite of Cumberland.
263 escritoires.
264 Of the persons authorized to examine the late King's jewels.
265 By a royal warrant, 31 Oct. 1760, T.S. 18/249, Part 1.
266 Pending a suit.
267 The 1st Earl of Hertford became Lord Lieutenant in 1765. On this occasion Halifax applied to Bute for the office and held it, 1761–3. Halifax to Bute, 2 and 26 Mar. 1761, Bute MSS. (Cardiff) Bundle 2, Nos. 112–13.
268 The first admission by Viry to Devonshire of Bute's intention to oust Newcastle.
269 Because of Pitt's refusal to support Bedford in Irish affairs.
270 The Princess Dowager.
271 See p. 73, n. 248.
272 See also Memorandum on the question of the ownership of the jewels left by George II, Chatsworth MSS. 622.01.
273 Holderness to the Attorney-General and the Solicitor-General, 3 Feb. 1761, T.S. 18. 249, part I. The matter was ultimately settled by George III buying out Cumberland's share.
274 Charles Pratt, M.P.
275 Charles Yorke, M.P.
276 William Breton was not returned to Parliament.
277 Thomas Worsley, a friend of Bute and the King.
278 Viscount Parker, heir to the Earl of Macclesfield.
279 Townshend was at present member for Great Yarmouth.
280 Legge, Chancellor of the Exchequer, had incurred the enmity of George III over the 1759 Hampshire election. That March Legge was dismissed without compensation, Bute explaining ‘that it was the King's own disgust and dislike of the man; that it was not his Lord Bute's doing.’ Add. MSS. 32919, f. 42.
281 Legge's wife had been created Baroness Stawell on 21 May 1760.
282 As Treasurer of the Chamber.
283 Sir Francis Dashwood, 2nd Bart., M.P., a follower of Bute, who became Treasurer of the Chamber in March.
284 Bute, to Newcastle, , 12 02 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32918, ff. 465–66.
285 James Oswald, M.P., a Lord of the Treasury.
286 Bute, to Newcastle, , 12 02 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32918, ff. 465–6. To which Newcastle made a most compliant reply, Add. MSS. 36796, f. 75. His real sentiments appear in his letter to Hardwicke of 13 Feb. 1761, Add. MSS. 32918, ff. 500–1.
287 An account of this meeting is given in Elliot to Bute, [22] Feb. 1761, Bute MSS.No. 73.
288 Memorandum on Events (C.V.) 26 Feb. 1761, Add. MSS. 32919, ff. 285–9. It was during this meeting with Temple that, according to Viry, Bute said: ‘I supposed, your Lordship does not mean to look up[on] me as a bare Croom of the Stole—the King will have it otherwise.’ To which Lord Temple replied: ‘Certainly, so, I look upon you as a Minister and desire to act with you as such.’
289 Newcastle had suggested making Oswald Lord Register of Scotland in compensation for his loss of a place at the board of Treasury. Memorandum, 27 Feb. 1761, Add.MSS. 32919, fF. 314–17.
290 Word crossed out and illegible in MS.
291 2nd Baron Edgecumbe, Comptroller of the Household. Dec. 1758 until his death on 10 May 1761.
292 Lord North, M.P., eldest son of the 1st Earl of Guilford and the future Prime Minister, was then a Lord of the Treasury.
293 Newcastle's seat in Surrey.
294 See p. 83.
295 Newcastle's sister-in-law Lady Catherine Pelham, widow of his brother Henry, espoused the claim of her late husband's secretary, John Roberts, to be chosen M.P. for Harwich. She involved her son-in-law the 9th Earl of Lincoln, Newcastle's nephew and heir, who had married his first cousin. The King had promised any vacancy to Charles Townshend but in 1761 both he and Roberts were returned.
296 At first Newcastle was ready to accommodate both Oswald and Elliot at the Treasury but Hardwicke warned him against having two Scots. Hardwicke to Newcastle, 14 Feb. 1761, Add. MSS. 32918, f. 513.
297 James Ogilvy, 6th Earl of Finlater (1714–70), Commissioner of Customs, 1754–61.
298 The 14th Earl of Morton, Lord Clerk Register of Scotland.
299 The 3rd Duke of Argyle, who managed Scotland for Newcastle.
300 Legge was referring to his wife's peerage as Baroness Stawell.
301 Newcastle Memorandum, 3 Mar. 1761, Add. MSS. 32919, f. 400.
302 An account of what passed with the King this morning, 6 Mar. 1761, Add. MSS. 32919, ff. 481–7.
303 Pitt was ill for eight weeks. Knyphausen to Frederick II, 23 Jan., 3, 20, 24 Feb., 13 Mar. 1761, D.Z.A., Rep. 96. 33. Vol. E, ff. 43, 56, 80–1, 84–5, 116–17.
304 Substance of what passed in my conversation with Lord Bute this day, 10 Mar. 1761, Add. MSS. 32920, ff. 64–70.
305 Dashwood was to be returned by George Bubb Dodington for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. Namier and Brooke, ii. 301.
306 As Baroness Mountstuart of Wortley, see p. 56, n. 168.
307 Bute had to inform Pitt of his appointment as Secretary of State, because Devonshire was ill.
308 Cofferer of the Household.
309 The King wanted the 3rd Duke of Rutland, Lord Steward, to succeed Bute as Groom of the Stole, so as to appoint the and Baron (shortly 1st Earl) Talbot Lord Steward. But Rutland did not wish to be Groom of the Stole, a less dignified position. The way was found by making Rutland Master of the Horse in place of the 10th Earl of Huntingdon. Add. MSS. 32920, ff. 119, 158–9, 162–6. Also Bute to Devonshire, 14 Mar. 1761, Chatsworth MSS. 590/4.
310 4th Duke of Leeds, who became a Privy Councillor but was not of the Cabinet.
311 Cofferer of the Household, the post vacated by Leeds.
312 1st Baron Sandys.
313 The 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, who had been born in 1688, lived until 1765.
314 St. Lucia, Dominica, St. Vincent and Tobago, declared neutral under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748. But the geographical position of Martinique had made easy a French colonisation. St. Lucia and Dominica were taken in 1761 and St. Vincent in 1762.
315 Holderness, to Bute, , 14, 15 03 1761Google Scholar, Bute MSS. (Cardiff) Bundle 2, Nos. 56, 58.
316 Thomas Pelham, second cousin to Newcastle.
317 To vacate the Mastership of the Horse and become Groom of the Stole.
318 Toward the end of Mar. Choiseul had forwarded to London proposals for a Congress to be held at Augsburg, to which Frederick of Prussia was agreeable, together with a separate negotiation between Britain and France over colonial issues. On Apr. 4 Britain and Prussia consented to the Congress and on Apr. 7 the Cabinet authorized Pitt to accept Choiseul's other proposal.
319 For the importance of the Fisheries, see ‘Questions and Answers Relative to the State of the French and British Fisheries at Newfoundland’, Add. MSS. 35913, DLXV, ff. 75–92; P.R.O. 30/8/85, ff. 345–66.
320 i.e. cod trade.
321 See p. 59, n. 183.
322 Memorandum (Secret), 18 Apr. 1761, Add. MSS. 32922, f. 32.
323 Prince Ferdinand's spring campaign had initially miscarried.
324 Viry, to Bute, , 17 04 1761Google Scholar, Bute MSS. (Cardiff) 7/55.
326 Bute, to Newcastle, , 7 04 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32922, f. 24.
326 The Earl of Morton.
327 James Stuart-Mackenzie.
328 3rd Earl of Marchmont.
329 The former George Bubb Dodington.
330 Newcastle, having put Bute in as Secretary of State, expected him to protect his department against Pitt's vindictiveness over the commissariat. ‘My Lord Bute should be made sensible, that I have drawn all this upon myself, by the part I have acted with and towards him and consequently, that his honour and (I think) his interest are concerned to take a strong part in defence of the Treasury.’ Newcastle, to Devonshire, , 19 04 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32922, f. 66.
331 Account of my conversation with my Lord Bute, 21 Apr. 1761, Add. MSS. 32922, ff. 108–10.
332 From Turin, where he had been British envoy since 1758.
333 In succession to the 3rd Duke of Argyll, maternal uncle to Bute and Stuart-Mackenzie, who had died 15 Apr. Bute, to Stuart-Mackenzie, , 21 04 1761Google Scholar, Bute MSS. Bundle marked odd papers.
334 Ferdinand, Prince to Bute, , 13 04 1761Google Scholar, S.P. 87/40.
335 See p. 73.
336 Early in Apr., Britain and France had agreed to exchange special envoys.
337 Pitt, to Choiseul, , 8 04 1761Google Scholar, accepting the French offer to negotiate; printed in Thackeray, ii. 511–12.
388 Account of my conversation with Lord Bute (copy), Newcastle to Devonshire, Add. MSS. 32922, ff. 108–10.
339 By the spring of 1761 Prince Ferdinand had lost most of Hesse-Cassel to Broglie, for which he blamed Newcastle's mishandling of the commissariat. Prince Ferdinand to Holderness, 30 Mar. 1761, S.P. 87/40.
340 Lords of the Treasury to Granby, 23 Apr. 1761 (copy), Add. MSS. 32922, ff.145–8; Bute to Newcastle, 26 Apr. 1761, S.P. 44/139.
341 1st Baron Henley, Lord Chancellor 1761.
342 Bute, to Ferdinand, Prince, 24 04 1761Google Scholar, S.P. 87/40.
343 As Newcastle and Hardwicke were both present, no correspondence between them was necessary. So far as the editors are aware, Devonshire's account stands alone.
344 Choiseul, to Pitt, , 19 04 1761Google Scholar (memoirs enclosed), S.P.F. 78/251.
345 In his initial Memoire of 31 Mar. 1761, Choiseul had left the epochs open to future negotiation.
346 Which followed the principle of uti possidetis, the dates being 1 May 1761 in Europe, 1 July 1761 in the West Indies and Africa, and 1 Sept. 1761 in India. Pitt would have preferred the epochs to have remained open, so as to leave room for further conquests. Thackeray, , ii. 509.Google Scholar
347 François de Bussy, the proposed French envoy.
348 Hans Stanley, M.P., was a great favourite with Pitt.
349 General A. von Massow, assistant director of the Commissariat.
350 Colonel Richard Pierson, Director-in-chief of the Commissariat.
351 Raised in 1760, consisting of five battalions. On 25 Mar. a whole battalion had been taken prisoner.
352 Newcastle Memorandum, 13 May 1761, Add. MSS. 32923, ff. 49 50; Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 13 05 1761Google Scholar, ibid., ff. 63–71.
353 Stanley's Instructions of 18 May 1761 are printed in Thackeray, , i. 506–9.Google Scholar
354 Granville.
355 In Jan. 1760, in reply to the earlier declaration of Britain and Prussia calling for a European Congress, see p. 34.
356 Minute with the Prussian Ministers, 13 Mar. 1760; Chatham, ii. 29–30.Google Scholar
357 Frederick had since consented to a separate negotiation between Britain and France, see p. 76, n. 258.
358 To accept the principle of uti possidetis.
359 Because of illness Devonshire could not attend the Councils of 20, May 16, 24 and 26 June. On 16 June the epochs relating to uti possidetis were decided, two months later than Choiseul had proposed.
360 Devonshire, to Newcastle, , 12 07 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32925, ff. 28–9.
361 Bedford, to Newcastle, , 2 07 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32924, f. 384. Newcastle, to Devonshire, , 28 06 1761Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 182:77A.
362 Newcastle, to Devonshire, , 4 07 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32924, f. 410.
363 A wealthy merchant banker in London.
364 Bedford, to Bute, , 9 07 1761Google Scholar, Bute MSS. 478; Bute, to Bedford, , 12 07 1761Google Scholar; Bedford, iii. 22–5, 29–35.Google Scholar
365 In return for participation in the Newfoundland Fisheries on the Utrecht basis, France was to demolish the fortifications of Dunkirk in accordance with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Britain could never have consented to the annexation of West Flanders, the price originally agreed by Austria for the French alliance.
366 Choiseul was negotiating secretly with Charles III of Spain, with a view to an alliance, which culminated in the Second Family Compact, signed on 13 Aug. 1761. Also, he may have been waiting upon recent French successes in Germany. ‘Intelligence’ Versailles 16 July 1761, Add. MSS. 32925, ff. 91–3. But the British defeated the French at Wellinghausen onjuly 16.
367 George Cressener, British Minister to Cologne, 1755–63. Intelligence from Cressener, 2 July 1761 (copy), Add. MSS. 32924, ff. 280–3; Cressener to Bute, 8 July 1761, S.P.F. 81/39.
368 Charles de Rohan, Prince of Soubise.
369 ‘It is expected that Lord Bute and Mr. Pitt are agreed.’ Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 18 07 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32925, f. 156.
370 There is no evidence of this.
371 The new French Commander, the Count of Broglie, had enjoyed some successes in Hesse.
372 This paragraph relating to July 16 was entered by Devonshire before his account of July 15 and transposed by the editors.
373 Newcastle, to Bute, , 17 07 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32925, f. 131.
374 John Thomas, Bishop of Lincoln.
375 The prospective Queen's Household. The King's marriage to Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz took place in September. Bute, to Newcastle, , 17 07 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32925, f. 133.
376 Thomas Sherlock, Bishop of London, died that year after a long illness. Newcastle correctly suspected the King proposed to fill the vacancy without consulting him. Thomas Hayter, Bishop of Norwich, Preceptor to George III as Prince of Wales, was translated.
377 Devonshire does not record himself as present and Newcastle sent him an account of the proceedings on 28 July 1761, Add. MSS. 32926, ff. 28–9.
378 Stanley, to Pitt, , 14 07 1761Google Scholar, enclosing the French Memoire of 13 July S.P.F. 78/251. Two meetings were held to discuss the dispatch, the first on 21 July and the second as described here by Devonshire.
379 In his letter of 14 July, Stanley denied having given Choiseul any hope of an eventual share in the Newfoundland Fisheries. Thackeray, , ii. 543.Google Scholar
380 Pitt.
381 Choiseul, in the preliminary draft of his Memoire of 13 July, had made mention of Spanish grievances which he deleted when Stanley protested. Stanley, to Pitt, , 12 07 1761Google Scholar, S.P.F. 78/251.
382 Choiseul agreed to abandon Canada but expected the return of either Senegal or Goree.
383 Dunkirk was not mentioned in the French Memoire of 13 July, though shortly before Choiseul had complained to Stanley:‘… that the demolition of Dunkirk is a new condition which cannot be insisted upon according to the terms of uti possidetis already agreed on both sides: the Treaty of Utrecht having by your [Britain's] own avowal ceased at the war.’ Stanley to Pitt, P.S. to 5 July 1761, S.P.F. 78/251.
384 This entry is a précis of Stanley's dispatch, separate in cypher, of 12 July 1761, referring to a conversation between Stanley and Choiseul of 8 July.
385 Marquis of Grimaldi, Spanish Ambassador in Paris, 1753–63.
386 Stanley's dispatch of 12 July.
387 Pitt with unanimous support in the Cabinet refused either Cape Breton or St. John. No territory sufficiently extensive to attract French colonisation could be allowed, no matter what the safeguards.
388 In his dispatch of 17 June, Choiseul had agreed to evacuate all the French conquests in Germany, including the possessions of Prussia on the Rhine, Wesel, Gueldres and part of Cleves. Now, having drawn closer to Madrid, Choiseul repudiated his position on the ground that the areas involved had been administered in the name of the Empress, whose consent was necessary. Bussy, to Pitt, , 23 07 1761Google Scholar, P.R.O. 30/8/85, f. 199.
389 Permit the free exercise of the Roman Catholic religion.
390 Caribbees. Dominica and St. Vincent.
391 Hence Choiseul's demand for Senegal or Gorec.
392 Of Cologne, whose Elector was on the French side.
393 Together with his Ultimatum of 13 July, Choiseul forwarded a separate Memorial detailing the Spanish grievances, which Pitt warmly rejected with unanimous Cabinet approval. Pitt, to Bussy, , 24 07 1761Google Scholar, S.P.F. 78/251.
394 Choiseul's championing the Spanish grievances.
395 In his reply to the French proposals of 25 July, Pitt had informed Stanley that the demolition of the fortifications of Dunkirk in accordance with the Treaty of Aix, rather than the more stringent provisions of Utrecht, would be acceptable, rather than jeopardize the whole negotiation.
396 A meeting summoned to discuss the French Ultimatum of 5 Aug. and Stanley's dispatch of 6 Aug. 1761, reproduced in Thackeray, , ii. 577–8Google Scholar. The proceedings open with the reading of the dispatch.
397 Sir Robert Henley, 1st Lord Henley, Lord Keeper June 1757 and Lord Chancellor since October 1760.
398 In a letter presented by Bussy to Pitt on 5 Aug. Choiseul wrote: ‘Sa Majesté Louis XV on à chargé de déclarer a V.E. que tant que l'Espagne l'approuvera, le Roi se mêlera des intérêts de cette Couronne, sans s'ârreter aux refus de la Puissance qui s'y opposerait.’ S.P.F. 78/252.
399 TO their respective German allies.
400 The interests of Spain.
401 Of Pitt's letter of 25 July.
402 Stanley, to Pitt, , 6 08 1761Google Scholar: ‘I then told him that the austerity of language which he called imperious and which I must call plain and ingenuous arose in my opinion from three causes, from the part he had taken contrary to my earnest and humble representations of intermixing the British disputes with Spain, from the delay of his last answer and from the appearances of retraction which his error about the return of Wesel carried with it.’ P.R.O. S.P.F. 78/252.
403 According to Bussy, Stanley made vague promises, for which he had no authority, about the Fisheries. This, of course, Stanley denied.
404 In his Memoire of 13 July Choiseul had offered to restore Minorca in exchange for Guadeloupe and Marie Galante and asked for the return of Belleisle without equivalent. Now he simply proposed that Britain and France retain their respective conquests.
405 Here Devonshire comes very close to the actual wording of Stanley's dispatch. Stanley to Pitt, 6 Aug. 1761, Thackeray, , ii. 577.Google Scholar
406 A point made clear in Stanley's dispatch.
407 Already in July Choiseul had warned Stanley ‘that propositions had been opened to France in case she chose to continue the war.’ The hint was ‘they would have new allies,’ indicating Spain. Stanley, to Pitt, , 5 07 1761Google Scholar, S.P.F. 78/251.
408 Louis XV.
409 Dauphin and Mdme. de Pompadour.
410 The Prussian territories and the Spanish grievances.
411 Stanley to Pitt, 6 Aug.: ‘I am fully and deeply convinced that the sole cause of the failure of this treaty is the determined resistance of the French as to the entire concession of the Fishery, although they have brought other matters already into the negotiation and will I doubt not ascribe the rupture to the more generous and popular motive of hdelity to their foreign alliances.’ S.P.F. 78/252.
412 The same Council of 13 Aug. At this point, the reading of Stanley's dispatch off Aug. concluded, the discussion opens.
413 Pitt's dispatch of 25 July 1761 to Stanley containing the British reply or Ultimatum to Choiseul's Memoire of 13 July.
414 Held on Friday, 24 July 1761. Hardwicke disliked Pitt's style, ‘haughty and dictatorial’, adding that if, after long deliberation, such ‘liberties are taken the whole may as well be left to one man.’ Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 2 08 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS 32926, f. 141.
415 Wherein France was granted a share in the Newfoundland Fisheries provided thi fortifications of Dunkirk were reduced.
416 For Bute's essential compliance in Pitt's obdurate policy, see Bute to Pitt [24Jun 1761], P.R.O. 30/8/24, f. 321; Newcastle to Hardwicke, 1 Aug. 1761, Add. MSS. 32936 ff. 125–6; Jenkinson to Grenville, 21, 25, 28 July 1761, Grenville, i. 376–80.Google Scholar
417 See p. 106, n. 395.
418 The letter Pitt drafted was discussed at the Council of 15 Aug., see p. 111.
419 Bussy, to Pitt, , 5 08 1761Google Scholar, S.P.F. 78/252.
420 The English Memorial of 25 July and the French reply of 5 Aug.
421 The lengthy account of the discussion of Stanley's dispatch of 6 Aug. ends at this point.
422 Canada.
423 Bute suggests that Pitt had agreed to hand back Guadeloupe out of regard for Beckford and the West India interest. For the true situation see Namier, 273–82.
424 In this connection, see Stanley to Pitt, 18 June, 1, 14, 30, July, I Aug. 1761, S.P.F. 78/251.
425 Miquelon or St. Pierre: No fortifications and a resident English Commissary. Stanley to Pitt, 6 Aug. 1761, S.P.F. 78/252.
426 Newcastle, to Devonshire, (most secret), 5 08 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32926, ff. 187–93.
427 Newcastle recommended John Douglas, Bishop of Salisbury, for the expected vacancy in the Primacy of York, only to be overruled again. Newcastle, to Bute, , 7 08 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32926, f. 292; Newcastle, to Devonshire, , 12 08 1761Google Scholar, ibid. ff. 382–3.
428 Devonshire's entry of 15 Aug. describes the Cabinet of the previous day, a continuation of the meeting of 13 Aug. which had ended in an instruction to Pitt to draft a reply to Stanley's dispatch of 6 Aug. containing the French Ultimatum of 5 Aug.
429 Hardwicke criticised the letter as ‘much too long and too irritating.’ Hardwicke, to Royston, , 15 08 1761Google Scholar, Yorke, , iii. 320–1.Google Scholar
430 Granville.
431 1st Viscount Cobham.
432 William III.
433 1st Baron Somers, Lord Chancellor, 1697–1700.
434 1st Duke of Marlborough.
435 Louis de Cardevac, Marquis ot Havrincourt, French Ambassador to Sweden, 1749–62.
436 Choiseul had written on 30 July 1761: ‘Sa Majeste s'est determiné à continuer la guerre mais comme il est important de cacher encore un mois cette resolution à la cour de Londres nous entretriondrons encore quelques semaines la négotiation avant de la rompre.’ Choiseul to Havrincourt (copy), Add. MSS. 32926, f. 67.
437 The Council meetings of 13 and 14 Aug.
438 At a meeting with Devonshire on 16 Aug., the King had deplored the lack of harmony within the Cabinet, and suggested a further Council which Bedford might attend. As instructed, Devonshire gave a full account of this conversation to Bedford. Bedford, iii. 36–9Google Scholar. In his reply Bedford reaffirmed his desire to remain absent, unless personally summoned by the King. Bedford to Devonshire, 17 Aug. 1761, Chatsworth MSS. 286/8; Devonshire to Bute (enclosing a summary of Bedford's letter), 18 Aug. 1761, Bute MSS. 584.
439 Entitled ‘Sur les limites de Louisianne’, 18 Aug. 1761 (copy), Add. MSS. 32927, f. 100.
440 Cape Canso, by the strait of Canso, on the east coast of Nova Scotia.
441 Devonshire, to Bedford, , 18 08 1761Google Scholar: ‘I have had much discourse with Lord Bute and we shall not differ tomorrow, for whatever may have been his former opinion, you will find he will give it up and be with me.’ Bedford MSS. XLIV. 8, f. 136. Bedford replied consenting to attend. Bedford to Devonshire, 18 Aug. 1761, Chatsworth MSS. 286.9.
442 Newcastle's notes on this meeting: ‘An account of what passed yesterday at Council’ 20 Aug. 1761, Add. MSS. 32927, ff. 131–2.
443 Probably Bristol to Pitt, , 27 07 1761Google Scholar (rec. August 18), reporting his talks with Wall on Italian affairs and on the logwood question, S.P.F. 94/163.
444 To be equally divided, the apportionment fixed by treaty.
445 Both demanded by Pitt.
446 Choiseul refused to evacuate Prussian territory on the Rhine and insisted that France and Britain withhold support from their German allies once a treaty was signed.
447 Captures made by Britain before war was declared.
448 On the last day of 1758 France and Austria had signed a revised treaty of alliance, by which Louis XV renounced his interest in West Flanders.
449 Once the French had lost Canada, they adopted a very extended theory concerning Louisiana, which brought the retort: ‘all which is not Canada cannot be Louisiana.’
450 The territories of the Indian nations between the Mississippi and the Thirteen Colonies.
451 As fixed by Choiseul in Bussy's Paper, Louisiana comprised most of the Indian lands, the Ohio valley and even Lakes Michigan and Superior.
452 Of 17 June 1761.
453 A base for French fishermen.
454 Marquis of Vaudreuil, last Governor of New France.
455 Sir Jeffrey Amherst, Commander-in-Chief of the British army in North America.
456 By the Capitulation of 8 Sept. 1760. Here the line drawn by de Vaudreuil followed the Ohio and Wabash rivers, from the confluence of the Ohio and the Mississippi to the source of the Wabash, thence continuing along the height of land to Lac Rouge at the headwaters of the Mississippi.
457 Duke of Mirepoix, French Ambassador in London, 1752–5.
458 ‘Whatever concessions … too near’ a lengthy marginal note by Devonshire.
459 St. Pierre.
460 2nd Earl of Halifax, President of the Board of Trade.
461 2nd Marquis of Rockingham, a Lord of the Bedchamber since 1751, who became Prime Minister, July 1765–July 1766, and February June 1782.
462 of 26 August, from the date of Bute's letter.
463 Bute, to Devonshire, , 26 08 1761Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 530/11.
464 Devonshire, to Bute, , 27 08 1761Google Scholar, ibid. 260/339.
465 Paper from the King to be shown by Devonshire to the Lords of the Bedchamber, 27 Aug. 1761, Chatsworth MSS. 622.3.
466 Princess Augusta, eldest sister to George III.
467 Endorsement by Devonshire.
468 Stanley, to Pitt, , 1 08 1761Google Scholar (secret), S.P.F. 78/252.
469 Stanley, to Pitt, , 4, 6, 8 09 1761Google Scholar (received 11 September), ibid.; Newcastle, to Bedford, , 13 09 1761Google Scholar, Bedford, iii. 43–6.Google Scholar
470 In Silesia at the beginning of Sept.; Mitchell to Bute, 1 Sept. 1761, S.P.F. 90/78.
471 The Cabinet meeting of 15 Sept., see p. 120.
472 Temple had hinted to Bute and others his readiness to become First Lord of the Treasury should Newcastle retire.
473 Ferdinand, Prince to Pitt, , 5 and 7 09 1761Google Scholar, P.R.O. 30/8/90, Part 2.
474 Captain William Charles Sloper, A.D.C. to Prince Ferdinand.
475 The Northern Department, of which Bute was Secretary of State.
476 Choiseul, to Broglie, , 27 08 1761Google Scholar (intercepted), Add. MSS. 32928, f. 117.
477 The Count of Stainville, subsequently Duke of Praslin, French Foreign Minister after Oct. 1761. He and Choiseul were not brothers but cousins.
478 Choiseul, to Stainville, , 27 08 1761Google Scholar (intercepted), enclosed in Yorke, to Bute, , 13 09 1761Google Scholar, S.P.F. 84/493 and Add. MSS. 32928, f. 119.
479 The wife of the Duke of Duras, former French Ambassador to Spain.
480 Newcastle Memorandum, 15 Sept. 1761, Add. MSS. 32928, ff. 185–8.
481 Bristol, to Pitt, , 31 08 1761Google Scholar, S.P.F. 94/164, Part I.
482 Privy Seal.
483 Wall, to Bristol, , 28 08 1761Google Scholar, enclosed in n. 481.
484 Spain had been unable lo obtain redress in the Courts for the depredations against her merchant marine by British privateers.
485 See p. 59.
486 ‘Memoire de la France sur la reponse de l'Angleterre remise au Due de Choiseul le ler Septembre par M. de Stanley,’ dated Sept. 9 and submitted by Bussy 15 Sept.; printed in Thackeray, , ii. 619–23.Google Scholar
487 In the preamble Choiseul insisted that in the event of no treaty the entire negotiation would be without prejudice to either party.
488 The reference is to Article I of Pitt's Ultimatum of Sept. 1.
489 The boundary between Canada and Louisiana drawn by de Vaudreuil and submitted by Pitt in his Ultimatum of 1 Sept. See also p. 115.
490 Britain had agreed a period of one year during which French settlers could leave Canada with their possessions and migrate elsewhere under the French crown.
491 By the word dependencies Pitt meant that Canada must comprise the relevant coast-line and all islands in the vicinity of the St. Lawrence and Newfoundland, especially Cape Breton and St. John.
492 Anamabu and Dakar.
493 A share in the Newfoundland Fishery on condition that the fortifications of Dunkirk were demolished in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. See p. 106.
494 Choiseul proposed to retain the harbour which, he claimed, was too small to receive men of war.
495 The length of Miquelon.
496 Under the Treaty of Paris of 1763, St. Pierre and Miquelon were ceded to France as abris.
497 France accepted the division of the Neutral Islands, provided St. Lucia and one other were hers.
498 Article VI offered France the return of Belleisle together with Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante.
499 Article VII affirmed that Minorca be restored to Britain.
500 That France evacuate Prussian territories along the Rhine.
501 The French Ultimatum of 5 Aug. See Thackeray, , ii. 566–9.Google Scholar
502 See p. 104, n. 388.
503 The treaty obligations of Britain and France to their respective allies.
504 Devonshire's précis from the French Memoire: ‘Le Roi détermine, pour le bien de la paix, à faire les sacrifices les plus considérables, est en même temps irrévocablement résolu de ne rien accorder, dans le futur Traité de paix, qui soil contraire aux stipulations auxquelles il s'est engagé avec ses Alliés.’ S.P.F. 78/252.
505 Return of compensation for French ships taken before the declaration of war.
506 Louis XV.
507 Hostilities to cease on the ratification of the peace preliminaries.
508 The future of the French East India Company.
509 Over the release of prisoners of war.
510 Louis XV.
511 Devonshire suggests that Pitt's obduracy over the Fisheries led to the Second Family Compact between France and Spain, signed on 15 Aug. 1761.
512 Commodore Augustus Keppel.
513 Sir Charles Saunders, Commander-in-Chief the Mediterranean.
514 These totals do not correspond with the figures.
515 Probably Ashburnham.
516 The Lords of the Bedchamber.
517 Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, whom the King had married on 6 Sept.
518 Hardwicke's Minute, 18 Sept. 1761, Yorke, , iii. 275–6Google Scholar. Newcastle's Memorandum, 18 Sept. 1761, Add. MSS. 32928, ff. 227–32. Hardwicke makes clear that he was present, although his wife was mortally ill and died the day following. Devonshire was probably not present, which may account for his not writing his account until after his entries for 25 Sept. This has been transposed by the editors for the sake of chronological order.
519 Wall's Declaration of Aug. 28, see p. 121.
520 The alliance between both branches of the House of Bourbon, which Versailles could not afford to abandon.
521 In accordance with the request of the British Minister, Sir Benjamin Keene, the orders for the destruction of illegal logwood settlements, issued in 1754 by Ensenada were suspended pending further enquiry. Keene, to SirRobinson, Thomas, 17 06, 31 07 1754Google Scholar; Wall, to Keene, , 15 09 1754Google Scholar, S.P.F. 94/147.
522 See p. 25, n. 11.
523 Draft of an answer to d'Abreu, 13 Dec. 1759, S.P.F. 94/160.
524 Fuentes, to Pitt, , 9 09 1760Google Scholar, ibid. 94/162.
525 Pitt, to Bristol, , 26 09 1760Google Scholar, ibid.
526 The intercepted letters between Fuentes and Grimaldi, printed in Chatham, ii, 93–7. 139–44.Google Scholar
527 Stanley, to Pitt, , 19 08 1761Google Scholar, S.P.F. 78/252.
528 Pitt continues, or resumes after a short break.
529 The treaty with Spain negotiated by Pelham in 1751 reaffirmed most-favourednation treatment for British exports, which had originated with the Anglo-Spanish Treaty of 1667. War with Spain could not be undertaken without severe detriment to British mercantile interests.
530 Stanley, to Pitt, (private), 2, 6 09 1761Google Scholar, includes the following sentence: ‘I have recently seen an article drawn up between France and Spain in which the former engages to support the interests of the latter equally with her own in the negotiations of the peace with England; it was entitled article 10. I am as yet a stranger to the other nine but shall endeavour to get them.’ S.P.F. 78/252. Stanley was relying on espionage.
531 The editors can find no Sir G. Byng in 1761. This could be a reference to Sir George Byng, later 1st Viscount Torrington, who in 1718 was ordered by the 1st Earl Stanhope, then Secretary of State, and Pitt's uncle by marriage, to undertake a preemptive strike against Spain reminiscent of the action Pitt was proposing in September 1761. On 11 Aug. 1718 Byng destroyed the Spanish fleet off Cape Passaro and thus wrecked the ambition of Philip V of Spain to upset the Italian provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht. Possibly Pitt interrupted Hardwicke's discourse and ‘ordered’ is used in the sense of ‘cited’.
532 Wall in a note to Bristol on 28 Aug. 1761 had suggested that the injection of Spanish grievances into the negotiations between Britain and France would not have been attempted had his government realised the offence. Bristol to Pitt, 31 Aug. 1761, S.P.F. 94/164, Part I.
533 Wall in his conference with Bristol on Aug. 28 had undertaken on behalf of Charles III that British logwood cutters could operate freely until an agreement was reached.
534 Britain was not at war with Russia, although the Empress Elizabeth was at war with her ally Frederick of Prussia. The Baltic trade was a deterrent to an extension of war, and Spain might provide a parallel.
535 Here Hardwicke's discourse ended and he left early because of his wife's illness. Hardwicke to Newcastle, 20 Sept. 1761, Add. MSS. 32928, ff. 259–62.
536 A question presumably addressed by Pitt to Anson.
537 Sir James Douglas, Commander the Leeward Islands station.
538 The estimated strength of the Spanish military establishment.
539 Blank in MS. but the reference must be to Spain.
540 Pitt was planning to send Commodore George Rodney to take Martinique.
541 A brief memorandum dated Sept. 18 and entitled ‘Advice in Writing’. This contained Pitt's arguments in favour of immediate war with Spain. Grenville, i. 386–7.Google Scholar
542 Which had surrendered on 7 July 1761.
543 Blank in MS.; see however the figures given in Add. MSS. 35710, f. 304.
544 At the informal meeting of Sept. 19, Bute suggested that all opposed to Pitt's policy of war with Spain set down their objections in writing. After some discussion this plan was abandoned, it being decided that each minister give his reasons to the King verbally, which took place at a special audience of 26 September. Hunt, W., ‘Pitt's retirement from office, 5th Oct 1761’, E.H.R., xxi (1906), 124–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
545 vall's approval of Choiseul's Memorial of 15 July endorsing the Spanish grievances.
546 Refers to the statement in the French Memoire of 15 July:‘… il [King of France] ne peut pas dissimuler à l'Angleterre le danger qu'il envisage et qu'il sera forcé de partager si ces objets qui paroissent affectir sensiblement S.M. Catholique déterminent la guerre.’
547 No orders were sent to Bristol at this time. He was ordered on 2 Nov. 1761 to ask for his passports in a despatch from Pitt's successor the 2nd Earl of Egremont.
548 The notes jotted down by Devonshire on the Cabinet meeting of 21 Sept. Why these do not follow immediately on his account of the meeting is unclear.
549 Newcastle, to Hardwicke, of 21 09 1761Google Scholar also makes clear that Pitt spoke later, stressing the need for immediate action and that no time was to be lost. Hunt, E.H.R., xxi, 124–5.Google Scholar
550 Saunders.
551 See p. 129, n. 532.
552 18 Sept.
553 At the turn of 1758–9. Pitt to Keith, 2 Jan. 1759, S.P.F. 91/67.
554 21 Sept. For Newcastle's notes on this meeting, see his letter to Hardwicke written later that day, printed in Hunt, E.H.R. xxi, 124–5.Google Scholar
555 Hardwicke and Granville were not present.
556 The capture of Spanish prizes, the Newfoundland Fishery and logwood in Honduras. Britain never accepted that Spain had the slightest claim to participate in the Fisheries, a point on which Pitt had the unanimous support of the Cabinet. The British attitude over prizes was generally unsympathetic. Answer to the Spanish Memorial, presented to Fuentes on 1 Sept. 1760, Thackeray, ii. Appendix, 486–95.
557 See p. 136.
558 That afternoon of 21 Sept. Pitt drafted his orders to Rodney for the Martinique expedition.
559 8th Earl of Home, Governor of Gibraltar, 1757–61.
560 Bute.
561 Pitt and Temple.
562 Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 21 09 1761Google Scholar, makes clear that Bute expected Pitt's resignation at this point; Yorke, , iii. 325–6.Google Scholar
563 22 Sept. 1761.
564 George, III to Bute, , 19 09 1761Google Scholar, Sedgwick, , 63.Google Scholar
565 Pitt's demand for a declaration of war against Spain.
566 The House of Lords. Following Pitt's resignation on 5 Oct. Temple attacked Bute bitterly ‘in that House’ on 14 Nov. 1761.
567 Stanley, to Pitt, , 15 09 1761Google Scholar, S.P.F. 78/252.
568 In view of the Family Compact, this was chicanery.
569 Stanley, to Pitt, , 15 09 1761Google Scholar (private), S.P.F. 78/252.
570 Choiseul's sister.
571 Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 23 09 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32928, ff. 325–6. Hardwicke was absent because of the recent death of his wife.
572 On 19 Sept, see p. 131, n. 544.
573 Because of the continued defiance of the Irish Parliament over money bills. Halifax, to Pitt, , 11 09 1761Google Scholar, S.P. 63/416.
574 Pitt had clashed with Bedford, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland June 1757–Mar. 1761, over policy in Feb. 1758 and Dec. 1760.
575 Stanley, to Pitt, , 19 09 1761Google Scholar, S.P.F. 78/252.
576 Pitt, to Stanley, , 15 09 1761Google Scholar, Stanley MSS. 10.M55/127, No. 44.
577 Stanley, to Choiseul, , 20 09 1761Google Scholar, printed in Mémoire Historique sur la negotiation de la France et de l'Angleterre (Mouton, reprint 1966), 184–5.Google Scholar
578 Bute ought to have realized that Fox, by his panic resignation of 15 Oct. 1756, had forfeited all claim to popular esteem. Newcastle would never have endorsed his return or have accepted Grenville at the Exchequer. As he explained to Hardwicke in his letter of 26 Sept.: ‘The moment Mr. Grenville is Chancellor of the Exchequer, it is to him only, to whom the King and his minister will apply; and it is he, who will have singly the King's confidence … I should not pass one easy moment in the Treasury after that was done.’ Newcastle to Hardwicke, 26 Sept. 1761, Add. MSS. 32928, ff. 3623.
579 It would seem that Devonshire was alone in suggesting Bedford as Pitt's successor. By his opposition to Pitt, Bedford had put spine into Bute and he was without doubt one of the ‘great lords’ to whom Pitt disparagingly referred at the Council of 2 Oct., the last he attended as Secretary of State.
580 George, III to Bute, , 09 1761Google Scholar, Sedgwick, , 65.Google Scholar
581 Newcastle and Hardwicke saw Stanley after his interview with the King. Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 30 09 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32928, f. 440. Hardwicke, Memorandum, Add. MSS. 35421, f. 102. ‘l saw the King …. Duke of Newcastle and Lord Bute’ entered by Devonshire after his account of the Council and transposed by the editors for the sake of chronology.
582 Grimaldi, to Fuentes, , 13 09 1761Google Scholar (intercepted and a translation read), Chatham, ii. 141Google Scholar. Grimaldi did not wish the failure of the negotiation with France to be attributed solely to the Spanish grievances.
583 Mansfield also present.
584 Devonshire's version of Pitt's speech corresponded closely to Newcastle's account, printed in Hunt, E.H.R., xxi, 132.Google Scholar
585 Word illegible.
586 The circumstances of their friendship were personal.
587 Secretary-at-War since Mar. 1761.
588 Probably Wall's Declaration of 28 Aug., see p. 126, and Bristol's letter of 31 Aug., see p. 121, n. 481.
589 Pitt, to Stanley, , 11, 15 09 1761Google Scholar; Stanley MSS. 10.M55/127. MS. Nos. 41, 44.
590 Pitt's home in Kent.
591 Pitt's observation must be linked with the request he shortly made for a peerage for his wife Lady Hester, which would enable him to remain in the House of Commons.
592 Temple's seat near Buckingham.
593 Grenville, i. 410–14.Google Scholar
594 Earlier that day Bute had written anxiously to Newcastle: ‘…. that the storm runs high in the City and I hear some of them Pitt's supporters are rash enough to say they will have their minister again. This may subside, but a weak administration …. will not tend to silence it.’ Add. MSS. 32929, f. 75.
595 On the rearrangements see Schweizer, K., ‘John Stuart 3rd Earl of Bute and George Grenville, October 1761’, Historical Journal, xvii. 2 (1974), 435–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
596 Bartholemew Burton, M.P., was Governor, 1760–2.
597 Thomas Walpole, M.P., a prominent banker.
598 Bristol, to Pitt, , 14 09 1761Google Scholar, S.P.F. 94/164, Part I.
599 The 2nd Earl of Egremont had no political experience except as Lord Lieutenant of Cumberland since 1750.
600 Bedford had incurred hostility because of his part in forcing Pitt's resignation. Bute suggests that Egremont as Pitt's successor was Mansfield's suggestion, which has not previously been known. Egremont was appointed Secretary of State for the South on 8 Oct.
601 Bedford had never shown a desire for household office.
602 Charles Pratt, M.P.
603 Charles Yorke, M.P., Hardwicke's second son.
604 The office of Lord Chancellor.
605 pratt was Pitt's protegé and on the formation of the Pitt and Newcastle ministry in July 1757 had been appointed Attorney-General over the head of Yorke, who had to be content with becoming Solicitor-General. With Pitt out of the way Hardwicke hoped to get Pratt removed and see his son Attorney-General, in which event the office of Lord Chancellor might be his. Lord Chancellor Henley could have been given a sinecure.
606 Bute was annoyed because Newcastle and Devonshire were pressing him to appoint Hardwicke Lord Privy Seal in succession to Temple. Hardwicke was no longer inter ested and liked a frequent retirement to Wimpole, his seat near Cambridge. Newcastle to Devonshire, 9 Oct. 1761, Add. MSS. 32929, ff. 139–42.
607 Robert Wood, M.P., who had in 1757 abandoned a distinguished career as Homeric scholar to serve as Pitt's under-secretary. He remained in office until 1763.
608 Bute, to Pitt, , 6 10 1761Google Scholar; Chatham, ii. 146–8.Google Scholar
609 The pension granted Holdernesse in return for his enforced resignation in Mar. 1761 to make way for Bute.
610 That Pitt must receive an emolument of at least £5000 p.a.
611 A suggestion Bute acted on when he wrote to Pitt that day.
612 Kinnoul was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1758–62.
613 A pension equivalent to the salary.
614 Devonshire was wrong and Bute was right. Pitt's request for an endowed peerage for his wife Lady Hester was granted but Temple resigned.
615 7 Oct. in MS. but Bute wrote on 6 Oct. Bute, to Pitt, , 6 10 1761Google Scholar; Pitt, to Bute, , 6 10 1761Google Scholar; Chatham, ii. 146–50Google Scholar. On the evening of 6 Oct. Elliot called upon Pitt. To him Pitt expressed his desire for an endowed peerage for his wife.
616 8 Oct. in MS. Hardwicke to Charles Yorke, 10 Oct. 1761, refers to Bute's visit taking place ‘yesterday noon’. Yorke, , iii. 330Google Scholar. Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 9 10 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32929, ff. 144–5.
617 A peerage for Lady Hester Pitt as Baroness Chatham together with a pension of £300 p. a. upon the lives of Pitt himself, his wife and their eldest son.
618 Pitt, to Bute, , 8 10 1761Google Scholar, Bute MSS. (Cardiff) Bundle 5, No. 53. The Gazette of 10 Oct. announced the resignation of Pitt and Temple, together with the endowed peerage for Lady Hester. It was long suggested that by publishing these honours and the resignations in the same number, Bute sought to undermine Pitt's reputation for disinterestedness. But as Pitt had requested the peerage and the pension, the announcements came quite naturally. The Gazette did include an intelligence report from Madrid stressing the peaceful intentions of Spain, which there is reason to believe Pitt resented. Schweizer, K., ‘Lord Bute and William Pitt's Resignation in 1761’, Canadian Journal of History, viii. 2 (1973), 111–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
619 12 Oct. in MS. but see Hardwicke to Newcastle, 13 Oct. 1761, Add. MSS. 32929, f. 227.
620 Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 20 10 1761Google Scholar, bm Add. MSS. 32929, ff. 406–7.
621 To rebut popular criticism, Pitt had on 15 Oct. addressed an open letter to Alderman Beckford, his chief City supporter, explaining his resignation and justifying his acceptance of a pension. The letter was published in the major newspapers and swiftly restored his popularity.
622 Bedford, to Newcastle, , 19 10 1761Google Scholar, Bedford, iii. 53.Google Scholar
623 See p. 126.
624 Treaty of Fontainebleau, the first Family Compact, 25 Oct. 1743.
625 Fuentes was disingenuously arguing that the provisions of the second Family Compact of 15 August were covered by the Treaty of 1743, which was untrue. The new Treaty required that Spain enter the war on the side of France by 2 May 1762.
626 See p. 126.
627 To ask for his passports.
628 The draft of a despatch sent eight days later. Egremont to Bristol, 28 Oct. 1761, pro S.P.F. 94/164; (copy) Chatsworth MSS. 260/353.
629 Devonshire is paraphrasing Newcastle to Hardwicke, 20 Oct. 1761, Add. MSS. 32929, ff. 406–7. On the following day, Newcastle complained further to Hardwicke that Bute, together with Egremont and Grenville, were taking the decisions. Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 21 10 1761Google Scholar, ibid., f. 421. Newcastle, to Devonshire, , 12 10 1761Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 182/205. Two days later Newcastle was again grumbling over Grenville's amendments to Hardwicke's draft of the King's Speech. Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 23 10 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32929, f. 472.
630 Newcastle and Devonshire do not appear to have grasped that the Spanish grievances were a deliberate and insincere pretext.
631 James Stuart-Mackenzie, M.P., brother to Bute.
632 Samuel Martin, M.P., Secretary to the Treasury since 1758.
633 Pratt.
634 The office of Lord Chancellor. A knighthood was conferred upon Pratt on 22 Nov. Hardwicke got his way in consequence of the death on 15 Dec. of Sir John Willes, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. Pratt was forced to succeed him, which necessitated his departure from the House of Commons. Yorke became Attorney-General in Jan. 1762.
635 A treaty between Pitt and Bute was very unlikely.
636 An allusion to Pitt's letter to Beckford, see p. 144, n. 621.
637 A frock denoted ‘an upper garment worn chiefly by men; a long coat, tunic or mantle.’ Hence frock-coat or frock-uniform, being undress uniform. Shelburne was a Colonel in the Buckinghamshire militia, which Temple as Lord Lieutenant commanded.
638 Duke of Cumberland, to whom Devonshire presumably owed the information in this paragraph.
639 Fox had recently tried unsuccessfully to obtain a peerage for his wife Lady Caroline.
640 Sir George Savile, M.P., connected with Rockingham and Newcastle. Newcastle, to Rockingham, , 3 11 1761Google Scholar: ‘It is certainly a very honourable offer to him and comes in an honourable manner. I conclude they wish to get some of our considerable friends over to them.’ Add. MSS. 32930, ff. 299–300.
641 It seems that Devonshire did not recognize Bute as a danger to Newcastle.
642 On 9 Nov.
643 Grenville feared Fox, lamenting to Newcastle: ‘What a figure shall I make. Mr. Fox has superior parliamentary talents to me; Mr. Fox has a great number of friends in the House of Commons, attached strongly to him. Mr. Fox has great connexions, I have none …’ Newcastle to Devonshire, 31 Oct. 1761, Add. MSS. 32930, ff. 225–6.
644 An early instance of Shelburne's maladroitness, which led him to a breach with Fox and was responsible for that general distrust which hindered him through life.
645 Assured by Bute that his wife would receive the coveted peerage ‘before the end of the next session,’ Fox agreed to attend the House of Commons, give Grenville every support and ‘enter no sort of engagement with anyone else whatever.’ Shelburne to Bute, 31 Oct. 1761, Bute MSS. (Cardiff) Bundle 5, No. 57.
646 Held on 10 Nov. Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 9 11 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32930, f. 374.
647 Copies of the correspondence relating to the disputes between Britain and Spain, most of which was printed by the government in one volume entitled Papers Relative to the Rupture with Spain (1762).Google Scholar
648 Lord George Augustus Cavendish was appointed Comptroller of the Household.
649 Bristol to Egremont, 2 Nov. (received 14 Nov.), S.P.F. 94/164, Part 1. Egremont, to Newcastle, , 14 11 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32931, f. 41.
650 6th Earl of Coventry, a Lord of the Bedchamber.
651 In the debate on the Address of 13 Nov. Barrington, to Newcastle, , 13 11 1761Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32931, ff. 19–20.
652 A further reference to the events of 1746 and 1756. See also pp. 8, 66.
653 Bute and the King offer the Privy Seal to Hardwicke after Devonshire's assurance of 7 Nov. that a refusal was certain.
654 Bedford became Lord Privy Seal on 25 Nov. 1761.
655 Grenville's adherence to Bute when Pitt resigned caused a breach with his brother Temple.
656 Devonshire's account of the debate in the House of Commons of 11 Dec. 1761 on the motion put forward by Pitt's adherent's George Cook and William Beckford that the Papers relating to the negotiations with Spain be put before the House. George Grenville and Thomas Robinson led for administration.
657 George Cook.
658 3rd Viscount Midleton.
659 The Gazette of 10 10 1761Google Scholar, see p. 143.
660 Colonel Isaac Barre.
661 Charles Yorke.
662 Egremont Memorandum, 6 Jan. 1762, P.R.O. 30/47/21.
663 War had been officially declared on Jan. 4.
664 Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 10 01 1762Google Scholar. Add. MSS. 32933, ff. 179–82.
665 The Bailli de Solar, whom Devonshire here termed M. Soldano, Sardinian Minister in Paris. On 17 Nov. Bute had re-opened the negotiation with France through the channel of Viry writing to Solar. This was known only to George III. The Cabinet remained in ignorance until now, when Devonshire was apparently one of the first to be let into the secret. A complete transcript of the correspondence between Viry and Solar is in four volumes (9–12) of the Shelburne papers in the Clements Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
666 George Pitt, M.P., recently appointed British envoy at Turin, 1761–8.
667 Viry, to Solar, , 13 12 1761, 5 and 12 01 1762Google Scholar, Shelburne MSS. Vol. 9, ff. 13–16, 36–7, 39–41.
668 Bedford, dissatisfied with Bute's failure to overrule Newcastle and Devonshire anc to end at once the war in Germany, proposed bringing matters to a head by moving in the House of Lords for the immediate withdrawal of British troops. Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 16 01 1762Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32933, f. 320.
669 Bute, to Bedford, , 30 01 1762Google Scholar, Bedford, iii. 72–3.Google Scholar
670 Newcastle, to Devonshire, , 4 02 1762Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 182/220.
671 See SirCaldwell, James to Newton, Lord, 20 02 1762Google Scholar, P.R.O. 30/8/70/5, ff. 26–49; Parliamentary History, xv. 1218–20.Google Scholar
672 Shelburne, who sat by right of his G.B. peerage.
673 Devonshire lists Bedford, Lord Privy Seal, together with the fifteen peers who followed him in voting against administration, noting particularly those with employments.
674 Col. the 72nd Regt. of Foot since 9 May 1758.
675 Lord Warden of the Stannaries since 1751.
676 Lord of the Bedchamber since 1755.
677 Great Master of the Wardrobe since 1760.
678 Lord of the Bedchamber since 1760.
679 A.D.C. to the King.
680 The editors know of no documentary evidence of such orders.
681 On 12 Jan. Bute had instructed Sir Joseph Yorke, British Minister at the Hague, to ascertain from Prince Louis of Brunswick, guardian to William V, Prince of Orange, who was a minor, whether the Dutch were prepared to enter the war on the British side.
682 The French representative at the Hague.
683 Of their naval and military forces.
684 Peter Steyn.
685 Henrik Fagel.
686 Yorke, to Bute, , 5 02 1762Google Scholar, S.P.F. 84/495.
687 The negotiation initiated by the Dutch East India Company following their defeat by the British in Bengal in 1759. Yorke's dispatches to Bute, S.P.F. 84/493 and 495.
688 Mir Jaffir Ali Khan.
689 See intelligence in Yorke to Newcastle, 2 Feb. 1762, Add. MSS. 32934, ff. 145–7.
690 Prince Louis of Brunswick.
691 The proposed Spanish invasion of Portugal never got under way. Britain sent a contingent to Lisbon as by treaty bound. Maria Theresa disliked the Family Compact between France and Spain with the implied diversion of French resources towards the invasion of Portugal. Also, she was negotiating a marriage between the Archduke Leopold, the future Emperor Leopold II, and a daughter of Charles III.
692 Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 22 02 1762Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32935, ff. 913.
693 Elizabeth, Czarina of Russia, had died on 5 Jan. 1762. Her successor Peter III, an ardent admirer of Frederick of Prussia, at once withdrew from the war.
694 The Treaty of Westminster guaranteeing a subsidy to Prussia of £670,000 p.a. had just expired. Bute, supported by the entire Cabinet, was considering not the renewal of the treaty but the continuation of the subsidy by parliamentary grant.
695 Frederick, II to Knyphausen, , 29 01 1762Google Scholar (intercepted), Add. MSS. 32934, ff. 62–3.
696 The wrath of Frederick arose from the British demand that he make peace when his fortunes had been transformed by the accession of Czar Peter III.
697 Bute, to Mitchell, , 8 01 1762Google Scholar, S.P.F. 90/79.
698 Robert Keith, British Minister at St. Petersburg, 1757–62.
699 A letter to this effect was sent four days later. Bute, to Knyphausen, and Mitchell, , 26 02 1762Google Scholar, D.Z.A., Rep. 96. 33. F, ff. 69–71.
700 Yorke, to Bute, , 19 01 1762Google Scholar, S.P.F. 84/495.
701 Halifax, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, had informed Egremont that the Irish Catholics, anxious to prove their loyalty, were prepared to serve on the Continent. Halifax to Egremont, 6 Feb. 1762; Egremont, to Halifax, , 23 02 1762Google Scholar, Calendar of Home Office Papers, 154–5, 159Google Scholar. George III to Bute (early February), 1762, Bute MSS. (Cardiff) 8/398.
702 Emden in East Friesland.
703 Choiseul's reply to Viry's letter of 12 Jan., see p 155.
704 Choiseul, to Solar, , 23 01 1762Google Scholar, Shelburne MSS. 9, ff. 46–9.
705 Solar, to Viry, , 1 02 1762Google Scholar, P.R.O. 30/47/1; copy in Add. MSS. 32924, ff. 121–4.
706 Devonshire found the French papers ‘not at all satisfactory’ and Choiseul's note ‘mere verbiage.… full of impertinence.’ But he thought the negotiation should continue. Devonshire to Bute, 4 Mar. 1762, Bute MSS. (Cardiff) Bundle 1, No. 206.
707 Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 3 03 1762Google Scholar. Preliminary drafts of the letter Bute suggested were discussed at Cabinet meetings of 9 and 18 Mar. But following news of the capture of Martinique, which arrived in London on 21 Mar., no letter was sent.
708 This is the merest gossip. Bute, far from desiring Devonshire's place as Lord Chamberlain, was deep in an intrigue to oust Newcastle, whom he proposed succeeding at the Treasury. Newcastle had just learned that Samuel Martin, Secretary to the Treasury, was supplying Bute with figures and information intended to force his resignation.
709 Fagel, after consulting Yorke, had written early in February to Wassenaer, asking him to make informal enquiries as to the disposition of Spain towards peace. Yorke to Bute, 16 Feb. 1762, S.P.F. 84/495.
710 So far the negotiations were known only to the King and Cabinet.
711 Eeremont's preliminary draft of 21 Mar. 1762, Add. MSS. 32936, ff. 1–8 (copy).
712 The maritime and colonial conflict only.
713 Viry, to Solar, , 27 03 1762Google Scholar, Shelburne MSS. 9, ff. 88–96.
714 The original paper, in George III's hand together with the replies. Add. MSS. 33040, ff. 309–11.
715 Martin, to Bute, , 18 03 1762Google Scholar: ‘Mr. Samuel Martin to the Earl of Bute. The Duke of Newcastle suspects that he has given his Lordship some hints about the King's extra revenues in the Exchequer: which he will not disown.’ Bute MSS. (Cardiff) Bundle 4, No. 66 (copy); Register of Bute's Correspondence, Add. MSS. 36796.
716 Council, 29 Mar. Newcastle's Minute, 29 Mar.1762, Add. MSS. 32999, ff. 454–5.
717 Declaration issued to the assembled Foreign Ministers in St. Petersburg on 23 Feb. 1762, Add. MSS. 32935, ff. 467–8 (copy).
718 The withdrawal of the Czar from the war must prevent Maria Theresa recovering Silesia.
719 It was unanimously decided that Keith express the ‘highest satisfaction’ with the Czar's Declaration. Bute, to Keith, , 9 04 1762Google Scholar, S.P.F. 91/69.
720 Over the Schleswig-Holstein dispute in which the Czar as Duke of Holstein-Gottorp had a personal interest.
721 Keith, to Bute, , 12/23 02 1762Google Scholar, S.P.F. 91/69.
722 Jan Lodewijk Wassenaer, Dutch Ambassador to Spain, 1747–62, to the Greffier Fagel, 1 Mar. 1762 (copy) enclosed in Yorke, to Bute, , 19 03 1762Google Scholar (secret), S.P.F. 84./495.
723 Bute, to Yorke, , 9 04 1762Google Scholar, S.P.F. 84/496.
724 ‘Extrait du Madrid’, 1 Mar. 1762, in Yorke to Bute, 19 Mar. 1762, S.P.F. 84/495. Minute, 29 Mar. 1762, Stowe MSS. S.T. 103, ff. 12–14.
725 It was agreed that Egremont, ignoring the negotiation through Viry and Solar, write to Choiseul, offering to treat on the basis of the ultimatums of 1 and 9 Sept. 1761, ‘subject to such variations as may naturally arise from the alterations of circumstances on either side.’ Cabinet Minute, St. James, 29 Mar. 1762, P.R.O. 30/47/21; Add. MSS.32999, ff. 454–5; Egremont to Choiseul, 7 Apr. 1762, Add. MSS. 38198, ff. 115–19.
726 The proposal was to withdraw the garrison and demilitarize. Troops were needed for service in Portugal.
727 Gertrude, Duchess of Bedford, had a reputation for telling the duke what to do.
728 John Calcraft, M.P.
729 See ‘Memorandum relating to the Prussian Letters, 31 Mar. 1762’, Add. MSS. 32936, f. 229.
730 To gain some insight into Prussian policy.
731 The practice of intercepting correspondence increased significantly during this period. Rigby, to Bedford, , 16 09 1762Google Scholar, Bedford MSS. Vol. 46, f. 2.
732 Cumberland's informant was Newcastle. Cumberland, to Devonshire, , 22 02, 15 04Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 332/13, 14.
733 Count Canales, Sardinian Minister at Vienna, 1752–73.
734 A regulation costume worn by those who attend Court.
735 Probably Ashburnham.
736 Richard Myddleton, M.P., Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire since 1748.
737 Earl of Lichfield.
738 April 10 in MS., but see Newcastle to Harrington, 8 Apr. 1762, Add. MSS. 32936, ff. 440–1. Egremont's Minutes of 8 Apr. 1762, P.R.O. 30/47/21.
739 Martinho de Mello, Count of Galvas, Portuguese Ambassador in London, 1756–70.
740 King Joseph I.
741 An extraordinary subsidy of £200,000 was also granted. Newcastle's Minute, 8 Apr. 1762, Add. MSS. 33000, ff. 41–2.
742 Frederick II gave no reassurance about his projects and, as Bute surmised, was angling for help from Russia against Maria Theresa in return for supporting Czar Peter III's interests in Schleswig-Holstein.
743 The Duke of York was given permission to join the fleet under Hawke. George III to Bute, Apr. 1762, Sedgwick, 89–90.
744 Ernest of Mecklenberg-Strelitz.
745 The King did in her name. George III to Bute, Apr. 1762, ibid. 90–1.
746 Viry, to Devonshire, , 18 09 1762Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 580/18.
747 Charles Yorke.
748 Devonshire was right to disbelieve Viry. Relations between Pitt and Temple on the one hand and Hardwicke and Newcastle on the other were very cool.
749 That of 8 Apr.
750 During a conversation of 16 Apr., see Devonshire, to Newcastle, , 16 Apr. 1762Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 32937, ff. 181–2.
751 The Court of Sardinia depended upon Austrian goodwill to maintain their gains under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
752 James West, M.P., joint secretary to the Treasury since July 1757.
753 Hardwicke, to Newcastle, , 18 04 1762Google Scholar, Yorke, , iii. 351–2.Google Scholar
764 The number of Lords present. George Grenvillc was absent because of illness, Grenville, i. 442.Google Scholar
765 See p. 134, n. 556.
756 The Treaty of Madrid of 1667, the Treaty of Münster or Westphalia of 1648 and the Treaty of Madrid of 1670 were re-enacted under Article II of the Peace of Paris.
757 See also p. 121. Originally, Britain had offered one year, which Choiseul rejected as too short.
758 Crossed out in MS. and restored by the editors.
759 Marginal note by Devonshire.
760 The terms put forward in the British Ultimatum of Sept. 1761.
761 This concession, agreed by the Cabinet in late Aug. 1761, had been despatched to Choiseul on 1 Sept. Yorke, , iii. 271–4.Google Scholar
762 The restitution of Gorce had been decided by the Cabinet on 18 Mar.1762. Minute, 18 Mar. 1762, P.R.O. 30/47/21.
763 The cunette or canal at Dunkirk was later inspected by a British engineer who advised on demolition before any treaty was signed.
764 See p. 106, n. 395.
765 Crossed out in MS. and restored by the editors.
766 Marginal note by Devonshire.
767 Those present were Henley, Granville, Devonshire, Newcastle, Hardwicke, Ligonier, Egremont and Grenville. Egremont Minute, P.R.O. 30/47/21.
768 The French counter-proposal to Egremont's letter of Apr. 7, see p. 164, n.725. Choiseul to Siolar, 15 Apr. 1762, Shelburne MSS. 9, ff. 118–27.
769 The latest despatches from St. Petersburg and Berlin indicated that Czar Peter III and Frederick II were planning to extend the Continental war by an attack on Denmark. Mitchell, to Bute, , 2, 21 04 1762Google Scholar, S.P.F. 90/80. Fear of subsidising such a venture decided the Cabinet against a renewal of the Prussian subsidy.
770 William Gerard Hamilton, M.P., Chief Secretary to Halifax, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was aiming at a rich sinecure.
771 Elliot and Oswald, both lords of the Treasury, had supported Bute and Grenville against Newcastle over the vote of credit. Newcastle, to Hardwicke, , 2 05 1762Google Scholar, Add.MSS. 32938, ff. 20–1.
772 Almost certainly Viry. Cumberland to Devonshire, 22 Feb. 1762; Viry to Devonshire, 20 May 1762, Chatsworth MSS. 332/14, 580/23.
773 11th Viscount Dillon.
774 Colonel David Graeme, M.P.
775 Presumably a lady of the court at Strelitz.
776 Graeme's parents were Jacobite, though he missed personal involvement in the '45. Contracts with Prince Ferdinand's army secured by Bute for him and Oswald were cancelled in 1760 for dishonesty. After George III's accession Bute had Graeme promoted full colonel in the British army and in June sent him to escort the future Queen from Strelitz. Namier, and Brooke, , ii. 523–4.Google Scholar
777 Devonshire enters the events of 23 July after his entries for 29 July. The editors have transposed in the interests of chronology.
778 The routine announcement sent to all ministries abroad, announcing Newcastle's resignation and Bute's appointment as First Lord of the Treasury, did not give the customary assurances that existing policies would continue. Grenville succeeded Bute as Secretary of State for the North.
779 Yorke, to Bute, (most secret), 19 01 1762Google Scholar, S.P.F. 84/495.
780 On 24 June Prince Ferdinand had decisively defeated the French at Wilhelmsthal.
781 The marriage between Charles, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick, the son of Duke Charles I, and the King's eldest sister Augusta was solemnized in 1764.
782 At not recovering Silesia.
783 Intelligence from Paris, Cressener to Grenville, 5 and 13 July 1762, S.P.F. 81/141.
784 Various futile attempts were being made by friends common to Pitt and Newcastle to effect an alliance. Erskine, H. to Bute, , 14 06 1762Google Scholar, Bute MSS. (Cardiff) Bundle 5, No. 185; Namier, , 331, 334, 341–2.Google Scholar
785 The restitution of St. Lucia had been undertaken in a private letter from Bute and Egremont to Viry, with the knowledge of the King but without that of the Cabinet. The deception was kept up for a month, then stormy Cabinet meetings followed, Grenville and Egremont standing out for higher terms.
786 Early in June Spain had made clear that she would treat only on the basis of the Spanish grievances, which was unacceptable. It was therefore decided to deal with France first and Spain separately. Shelburne MSS. 10, ff. 99–103.
787 Choiseul, to Egremont, , 16 04 1762Google Scholar, P.R.O. 30/47/1.
788 The King had been ill the previous month.
789 At the Cabinet of 28 July, Grenville agreed to surrender St. Lucia provided France withheld support from Spain. Grenville, i. 449Google Scholar et seq.
790 Bedford was appointed plenipotentiary to sign the peace preliminaries on 1 Sept. and Ambassador extraordinary on 12 Nov.
791 Following Newcastle's resignation on 26 May.
792 Contained in Choiseul, to Solar, , 21 07 1762Google Scholar, Shelburne MSS. 10, ff. 361–75.
793 Newcastle, to Devonshire, , 27 07 1762Google Scholar, Chatsworth MSS. 182/266.
794 Viry, to Solar, , 22 05 1762Google Scholar, Shelburne MSS. 10, ff. 235–9.
795 Choiseul, to Solar, , 28 05 1762Google Scholar, Shelburne MSS. 10, ff. 284–97.
796 Hoping to involve Newcastle in responsibility for the impending peace treaty, Bute during July and Aug. tried to inveigle him into becoming Lord Privy Seal, which Hardwicke soundly vetoed.
797 Egremont and Grenville.
798 Of 21 July, see p. 174, n. 792.
799 25th in MS. but see the minutes dated 26 July in Add. MSS. 34713, ff. 110–12. Bute to Egremont, 26 July, Add. MSS. 36797, ff. 6–7.
800 Granville.
801 27th in MS. but in fact the meeting was on 28 July. Minute in Stowe MSS. S.T. 103a. George, III to Bute, , 28 07 1762Google Scholar, Sedgwick, , 128–9.Google Scholar
802 ‘An Account of the Duke of Devonshire's Conversation’, 31 07 1762Google Scholar, Add. MSS. 33000, ff. 95–100.
803 For Bute to continue at the Treasury.
804 Devonshire returns to his old theme in respect of events in 1756–7.
805 A very early forecast that Rockingham might become Prime Minister, which he did in July 1765.
806 Blank in MS.
807 With the Prince of Brunswick.
808 Prince Ernest of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
809 Devonshire's resignation was constantly expected.
810 Unidentified.
811 ‘The battle of the weeklies’, a journalistic contest between newspapers favourable or unfavourable to Bute and the proposed peace.
812 Not identified but presumably a member of the royal family.
813 Probably Fox, who was threatening the friends of Newcastle.
814 Duke of Nivernois, French ambassador for signing the peace preliminaries.
815 The Court of Madrid was indignant at not being informed of the arrangement made by Choiseul respecting the Mississippi boundary, which was drawn so as to include Mobile in British territory, thus affording access to the Gulf of Mexico.
816 This was not strictly true. Spain had given her consent to an exchange of plenipotentiaries between Britain and France, and Grimaldi was authorised to participate. At the end of Sept. Charles III, chastened by news of the fall of Havana, agreed that France negotiate on his behalf.
817 Due to meet in Nov.
818 Of 26 Sept. Later that day he examined the despatches. George III to Bute, 26 Sept. 1762, Sedgwick, 137–8.
819 Bedford's despatches of 15, 19 and 21 Sept. 1762 (all received on 24 Sept.), S.P.F. 78/252.
820 Bedford, to Bute, , 20 09 1762Google Scholar, Bute MSS. (Cardiff) Bundle 5, No. 160. Bute's reply of 28 Sept. Add. MSS. 36797, ff. 11–13.
821 Windsor Lodge.
822 On 28 Sept. Cumberland saw Fox and commissioned him to find out from Bute whether he had any intention of offering Newcastle office or of making an advance to Pitt. Fox saw Bute early in the afternoon of Thursday 29 Sept. Bute emphatically denied any intention of coalescing with Newcastle or Pitt.
823 A reference to the following passage in Fox to Cumberland, 30 Sept. 1762: ‘I told him [Bute] that your Royal Highness always was and would be very sensible of the King's civilities, for you loved him; and that I believed your Royal Highness had rather any minister made a good peace than his Lordship, but I was persuaded you had rather even his Lordship made it than that it should not be made at all.’ Albemarle, Memoirs of Rockingham, i. 130–1.Google Scholar
824 In his despatch of 24 Sept. 1762 (received 28 Sept), S.P.F. 78/253. George III to Bute, 28 Sept. 1762, Sedgwick, 138–40.
825 News of the capture of Havana reached London on 28 Sept.
826 A reference to Article XVIII, which provided for the return of Havana in the event of capture, and for the Spanish evacuation of Portugal.
827 Bute would have accepted concessions over logwood but under pressure from Egremont and Grenville demanded either Florida or Puerto Rico. Left to themselves, Egremont and Grenville would have insisted on both. Shelburne to Fox, 1 Sept. 1762, Add. MSS. 51379, f. 211. Egremont to Bute, end of Sept. 1762, Bute MSS. (Cardiff) Bundle 7, No. 168.
828 Newcastle and Hardwicke.
829 Early in Oct., Grenville was pushed out of the Cabinet and relegated to First Lord of the Admiralty. Halifax succeeded him as Secretary of State whilst Fox became Leader of the Commons with a seat in the Cabinet. Notwithstanding at the Cabinet meetings of 22 and 25 Oct., it was decided that in return for Havana Spain must cede either Florida or Puerto Rico. Minute of Cabinet Council, St. James, 22 Oct. 1762, P.R.O. 30/47/21. Shelburne MSS. 12, ff. 139–40; Bute to Bedford, 24 Oct. 1762, Bedford iii. 137–8.Google Scholar
830 Egremont, to Bedford, , 26 10 1762Google Scholar (counter project enclosed), Shelburne MSS. 12, ff. 105–32.
831 On the east coast of Florida.
832 Samuel Touchet, M.P.
833 Nicholas Linwood, M.P.
834 Touchet had been allowed to subscribe £200,000 of the new loan at profit of about 10%. Shelburne to Bute, 15 Sept. 17 Oct. 1762, Bute MSS. Nos. 44, 46.
835 As Groom of the Stole.
836 Over compensation for Havana, which Bedford considered unnecessary.
837 The preliminary peace treaty, which he had forwarded in his despatch of 24 Sept., see p. 179, n. 824.
838 Bedford, to Egremont, , 24 09 1762Google Scholar, S.P.F. 78/253, ff. 113–14.
839 On 30 Sept., after the Drawing Room.
840 The capture of Havana.
841 See Newcastle's memorandum, ‘most secret’, of 3 Oct. 1762, Add. MSS. 32943, ff.28 et seq.
842 The concession to France did not include the right to fish in the St. Lawrence. Either Cumberland misunderstood the King or the King misunderstood the preliminaries.
843 The limits within which French fishing was forbidden under the definitive Treaty were three leagues off the mainland and the islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and fifteen leagues off the coasts of Cape Breton Island.
844 George III.
845 Devonshire's account of the conversation between Cumberland and the King is drawn from Newcastle's memorandum of a subsequent conversation between himself and the Duke. The first person singular therefore is Newcastle referring to himself, a consideration which applies throughout these final pages of the Diary.
846 Ultimately Bedford was allowed to give up the ‘inspection raisonable’ with regard to no fortifications on St. Pierre and Miquelon and accept Louis XV's parole royale.
847 Laurence Sulivan, M.P., Chairman of the East India Company, 1758–9, 1760–2.
848 John Dorrien.
849 Thomas Rous, Chairman of the East India Company from Apr. 1762.
850 For the differences between the Company and the government over the peace terms, see Sutherland, L.S., The East India Company in Eighteenth-Century Politics (Oxford, 1962), 89–100Google Scholar. It was agreed between Britain and France that the posts the French had held in 1749 be restored, with a ‘no troops or fortifications’ clause in respect of Chandernagore.
851 This point is unclear. According to the preliminaries, Dunkirk was to be restored to the state laid down by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, and a British engineer was to report upon how far the works, especially the new cunette (canal), conformed with that Treaty.
852 Under Article II of the final Peace, the Treaty of Utrecht was renewed.
853 The Prussian territories on the Rhine.
854 Under the terms of the Treaty of Westminster of 1758, which had lapsed in Apr. 1762. The subsidy had been cancelled on Apr. 30. See p. 170.
855 Grenville, to Mitchell, , 14 07 1762Google Scholar (with enclosures), S.P.F. 90/80.
856 In the preliminaries, signed on 3 Nov., Bedford on his own responsibility accepted the payment by France of subsidy arrears to Austria. Unknown to Bedford, by the Convention of Fontainebleau of 5 Nov., French military supplies were to be left in Prussian towns for Austrian use whilst the old subsidy was to be maintained and new payments granted, disguised as ‘arrear payments’, if the war continued into 1763. By a peace agreement with Maria Theresa signed at Hubertusberg on 15 Feb. 1763, Frederick II retained Silesia and his territories on the Rhine were restored, which also rendered the subsidy issue academic.
857 See p. 180.
858 In the definitive Treaty concluded at Paris on 10 Feb. 1763, the commercial treaties between Britain and Spain were renewed unconditionally. Charles III of Spain greatly disliked these treaties, highly favourable as they were to Britain.
859 Article XVI, under which George III gave his parole royale not to lend Prussia military assistance.
860 The Spanish invasion of Portugal miscarried.
861 A hint that Newcastle might return to head administration.
862 Thomas Walpole, M. P.
863 A reference to Newcastle and the old Whigs.
864 Which occurred in July 1765, when Cumberland formed the first Rockingham administration which he managed until his death on the 31 Oct. following.
865 Yorke was not recalled but remained Ambassador at the Hague until 1780.
866 To conduct a parliamentary opposition.
867 Sir Francis Gosling was a partner in Gosling and Sharpe, bankers of Fleet St., who handled much of the affairs of Robert Clive. Gosling was to be an ally to Clive in the Court of Proprietors of the East India Company. Sutherland, L. S., op. cit., 102, 105, 117, 125.Google Scholar