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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 December 2009
The III Considerations right necesserye to the good governaunce of a Prince is the English translation, made in the middle of the fifteenth century, of a French tract written in 1347. The English text does not have the two poems which form the introduction and conclusion of the French tract; they are printed here as appendix I and II.
1 This manuscript probably came to University College with several others in the seventeenth century. Some of them (but not U) have a table of contents made by Obadiah Walker, Master of the College from 1676 to 1689 (Hunt, R. W., ‘The Manuscript Collection of University College, Oxford. Origins and Growth’, The Bodleian Library Record, iii (1950), pp. 13–34).Google Scholar
2 Pächt, O. and Alexander, J. J. G. (Illuminated Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, i (Oxford, 1966), pp. 54, 57Google Scholar, and iii (Oxford, 1973), p. 98) indicate that Ricardus Franciscus wrote three other Oxford manuscripts: Laud Misc. 570; Ashmole MS. 764 (both illuminated by the Fastolf Master); and Ashmole MS. 789. Mrs Kathleen Ross has kindly informed me that he also wrote Huntington Library MS. 932, containing the Statutes of London, written in 1447. (See Scott, K. L., ‘A mid-fifteenth century illuminating shop and its customers’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, xxi (1968), p. 170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar) Most of these manuscripts contain English translations of French texts by Christine de Pisan, Honoré Bonet and Alain Chartier, or Latin texts such as Aeneas Sylvius, Exercitia Notaria. Franciscus also wrote B.L., Harley MS. 2915 (Horaf). (See Alexander, J. J. G., ‘A lost Leaf from a Bodleian Book of Hours’, The Bodleian Library Record, viii (1967–1972), pp. 250–1.)Google Scholar
3 Fifteenth-Century English Translations of Alain Chartier's Le Traité de L'Espérance and Le Quadrilogue Invectif, ed. M. S. Blayney, i (E.E.T.S., Ordinary Series, vol. 270, 1974Google Scholar). The editor (p. ix) states that ‘U is the only known MS. of this translation’.
4 Dr Manzalaoui (‘The Secreta Secretorum in English Thought and Literature’, i, pp. 352–4Google Scholar) suggests that the flourishes of the explicit represent a date, 1481 or 1451: this seems very doubtful. He also finds that the style and language of the work point to a date of writing around 1450, and that there are northern and eastern forms in the text.
5 Hunt, , op. cit., p. 26Google Scholar, n. 3.
6 This crest may be only a riddle, to designate somebody called Whitfield, or some similar name. A Thomas Whitfield rented a room in University College in 1437–8 and became a canon of Lincoln (B.R.U.O., iii, p. 2038Google Scholar). It bears no resemblance to other crests in which garbs are found, such as that of William Baron, owner of Douce MS. 322 and St John's College, Oxford, MS. 208 (ex.inf. Mrs Ross), or that of bishop Kemp. The motto ‘Oublier ne doy’ differs significantly from that of the lords of Colville of Culross, ‘Oublier ne puis’.
7 James, M. R., Trinity College Cambridge. Descriptive catalogue of the Western Manuscripts, iii (Cambridge, 1902), pp. 310–11Google Scholar, contains an accurate description of the manuscript.
8 See Bülbring, K. D., ‘Sidrac in England’, Festgabe für Wendelin Foester (Halle, 1902), pp. 443 seq.Google Scholar
9 The Dicts and Sayings of the Philosophers, ed. C. F. Bühler (E.E.T.S., Original Series, vol. 211, 1941).Google Scholar
10 de Ricci, S. and Wilson, W. J., Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada, i (New York, 1935), pp. 966–7.Google Scholar
11 Robinson, F. N., ‘On two manuscripts of Lydgate's Guy of Warwick’, (Harvard) Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature, v (1896), pp. 177–222Google Scholar, in which be cites a letter of Henry Bradshaw, who confessed his ignorance of the origins of the III Considerations. On John Shirley, see Doyle, A. I., ‘More light on John Shirley’, Medium Aevum, xxx (1961), pp. 93–101CrossRefGoogle Scholar. It is noteworthy that Shirley was a friend of William Baron (see n. 6, above).
12 Omont, H., Catalogue général des Manuscrits des Départements. I, Rouen (Paris, 1886), pp. 309–10Google Scholar; Frère, E., Catalogue des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Munitipale de Rouen relatifs à la Normandie (Rouen, 1874), pp. 85–6.Google Scholar
13 ‘Le présent livre appartient a Guillaume Veuldey. Qui le trouvera sy le rapporte. Et on luy donnera bon vin, ou s'il ne le rapporte pas, toutz chaussez et toutz vetuz les grandz diables les emportent par en sont toutes les portes’ (fo. 182V).
14 Michel, F., Les chroniques de Normandie (Rouen, 1839), pp. lxviii–lxx.Google Scholar
15 Printed from this manuscript in the Revue Rétrospective Nortnande: A. Pettier, Chronique rimée relatant divers évènements de l'histoire de France (Rouen, 1837). The same poem is also found at The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, MS. 71 C. 23 (a copy made by Gérard in the eighteenth century from a manuscript at the court of Burgundy (Jubinal, A., Lettres a Monsieur le comte de Salvandy sur quelques manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Royale de La Haye (Paris, 1846), no. 1315, p. 33Google Scholar)) and MS. 71 H. 13; in B.N., MS. fr. 14416 (where it is entitled Chronique de Flandres); and in Bibliothèque Royale, Brussels, MS. 7259. It has been wrongly attributed to Chastellain (Œuvres de Georges Chastellain, ed. K. de Lettenhove, i (Brussels, 1863), p. lxiv).Google Scholar
16 Les Etablissements de Saint Louis, ed. P. Viollet, i (Paris, 1881), pp. 411–13Google Scholar. It is the P manuscript of his edition. The manuscript was in Toulouse in the seventeenth century, and came into the library of Charles de Montchal, archbishop of Toulouse (see Montfaucon, , Bibliotheca Bibliothecarum manuscript, nova, ii (Paris, 1739), p. 904).Google Scholar
17 See Appendix A, below, p. 210.
18 For the political background, see Cazelles, R., La Société politique et la arise de la royauté sous Philippe de Valois (Paris, 1958)Google Scholar. The best portrait of John is by Cazelles, ‘Jean II le Bon: quel homme? quel roi?’, Revue Historique (1974), pp. 5–26Google Scholar, and especially pp. 13–15, where the author insists on the intellectual interests and literary tastes of the king who had books, and who ordered the translation of Livy by Pierre Bersuire, as well as the French version of Jacques de Cessoles by Jean de Vignay.
19 This work (cited by Berges, Die Fürstenspiegel, no. 28) was written c. 1300 by a Dominican (Quetif, J. and Echard, J., Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum (Paris, 1719), i, p. 478Google Scholar). A barely legible note scribbled in a margin of B.L., Royal MS. 12 B xviii (‘et creditur episcopi Bellvacensis’) has led to the belief that Marigny, who was bishop of Beauvais from 1312 until 1347, was its author. The note is more likely to refer to his predecessor, Simon de Clermont-Nesles.
20 Delachenal, R., ‘La bibliothèque d'un avocat au XlVe siècle. Inventaire estimatif des livres de Robert le Coq’, Revue d'Histoire du Droit (1887), pp. 524–37Google Scholar. It is striking that Le Coq's enemies should have made no mention of his writings, if any were known to exist (d'Arcq, L. Douet, ‘Acte d'accusation centre Robert le Coq’, Bibliothèque de I'École des Chartes, ii (1840–1841), pp. 350–87).Google Scholar
21 Oeuvres de Froissart: Chroniques, ed. K. de Lettenhove, i, pt 3 (Brussels, 1873), pp. 463–533.Google Scholar
22 Piaget, A., ‘Le livre Messire Geoffrey de Charny’, Romania, xxvi (1897), pp. 394–411CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Charny was also the author of Les demandes pour la jouste, les tournois et la guerre, questions on difficult technical problems addressed to the knights of the Order of the Star, recently established by King John (B.N., MS. nouv. acq. fr. 4736).
23 See below, p. 183 seq.
24 See below, p. 203.
25 Fifteenth-Century Translations, ed. Blayney, p. ix.Google Scholar
page 180 note a H and U have no title at the beginning.
page 180 note b the Politiques and Ethiques of the famous Philosophre, Aristotle in his tretie made of the feet of Chivalrye, thadvertisement of Vegecius and prudent counseill of Giles in his tretie of Regiment, H.
page 180 note c and estates is omitted in H.
page 180 note d Space for an illumination is left in U.
page 180 note e purpoose to stablyssh, H.
26 Namely, in the Bible, the Book of Wisdom, the Book of Ecclesiastes, and the Book of Sirach (Ecclesiasticus); from Aristotle, The Politics and The Nicomachean Ethics; Vegetius, De Re Militari; Egidius Colonna, De Regimine Principum.
27 This refers to The Politics, Bk I, in which Aristotle examines the differences between the ruler, the householder, the master of an estate and head of a family, and the individual.
page 181 note a The first consideracion, H.
page 181 note b vel manere only in U.
page 181 note c whan they wote never ne know ne in what wise ne whan deth shal come, H. U is damaged and partly illegible here.
page 181 note d have no grett surete from deth ne other bodily maladies ne no more surete, H.
28 This follows exactly the pattern of Colonna's De Regimine Principum, the three books of which correspond to our three considerations: the government of self, the government of the family and of the household, and the government of the state. See Daly, L. J., Political Theory of John Wyclif, p. 110.Google Scholar
29 Wis. 18:12.
page 182 note a they shall omitted in H.
page 182 note b of, U.
page 182 note c Et font volentiers bonnes œuvres et haient les mauvaises et fuient péchiez et vices. Et cest ce que requiert bon gouvernement, humilté que touz princes et grans seigneurs doivent avoir est en soy non prisier, et sages et bons amer, et sagement et doulcement parler a ses subges et sergens, R.
page 182 note d and, H.
page 182 note e et se il ne la faisoit, aucuns le pourroient repputer pour nonsens ou a desdaing, R.
page 182 note f H is here closer to the French original: the peeple will arrette and deeme it defaulte of witte or els disdeigne.
page 182 note g and evidently added in H.
30 Untraced in the De Sensu et Sensato; it is perhaps a quotation from Themistius, In De Anima.
page 183 note a The French text has a quite different meaning: aveques les fruiz de terre parce que il en vit corporellement.
page 183 note b The last part of the sentence seems added in the French text.
page 183 note c son hostel, son demaigne, ses familliers, ses servans et son mesnage, R.
page 183 note d lordpippes, MS.
page 183 note e his, H.
31 Untraced in the Liber Sex Principiorum (Aristoteles Latinus, ed.L. Minio-Paluello, I, 6–7 (1966), pp. 35–59Google Scholar), but found in the Physics, trans. P. H. Wicksteed and F. M. Cornford, LCL (London: Cambridge, Mass., 1935), II pp. 287–9Google Scholar (Bk VIII, ii).
page 184 note a shuld, H.
page 184 note b their, H.
page 184 note c expenses, H.
page 184 note d hath it made, H.
page 184 note e Peis stands for the French point, and peyse for the French poids.
page 184 note f et doivent avoir mestres dostel et gens doffice de lostel, R.
page 184 note g et quil ne se nourrit pas de lautrui, R.
page 184 note h Et vrayement grant blame, haine de Dieu, grant pechie et maledictions de peuple centre le seigneur viennent du contraire, R.
32 Wis. 12: 13.
page 185 note a si quil ne fasse tort à autrui, R.
page 185 note b And is repeated in U.
page 185 note c R has only qui commande.
page 185 note d R has only a qui il seroit subget.
page 185 note e tout droit naturel et divin de Saint Eglise, R.
page 185 note f more tendrely, H.
page 185 note g theire, H.
page 185 note h H: they lyve and reioyce greete worshippes and lordshippes in their estat,. which is closer to R: leurs subges, desquelx il ont grans seigneuries et honneurs.
page 185 note i of whiche, H.
page 185 note j U has rowe.
33 See Walter, H., Lateinische SprichtwörterGoogle Scholar, ii, no. 11002. The proverb is also quoted in the De Quadripartita Regis Specie: see above, p. 36.
page 186 note a U has he.
page 186 note b the whiche, H.
page 186 note c pour le profit et l'honneur du prince et des subgez, R.
page 186 note d R ends with et par le bon conseil (du prince).
34 Si. 10: 31.
page 187 note a lui est nécessaire abundance de chevance, de richesse et de pecune, R.
page 187 note b Et ce dit la Sage ou livre de Ecclesiastes et la Bible, qui dit ainsi moult est profitable science avecques abundance de richesse et de pecune, quant on la acques sens et len en veult user et ouvrer sagement. Et pour ceste causes …, R.
page 187 note c but also therwith greete, H.
page 187 note d Right repeated in U.
page 187 note e to greet jupardies, H.
page 187 note f The passage assured … apparailed is omitted in the French text in R, which is completely incoherent at that point.
page 187 note g alle othir, H.
page 187 note h Added to the French text.
35 EC. 7: 12.
36 Wis. 2: 13.
page 188 note a to omitted in U.
page 188 note b so, H.
page 188 note c havoir, H.
page 188 note d ne of his enviers, H.
page 188 note e in which, H.
page 188 note f pour bien gouverner sa princey, sa terre et ses subges, R.
page 189 note a be it kinge, H.
page 189 note b or, H.
page 189 note c The beginning of the sentence is repeated in U.
page 189 note d and for theire, H.
page 189 note e and as well, H.
page 189 note f commissions, offices and ministrations, H.
page 189 note g everlastingly, H.
37 Si. 29: 9.
38 Boethius, The Theological Tracts and the Consolation of Philosophy, trans. Stewart, H. F. and Rand, E. K., LCL (London: New York, 1918), p. 189Google Scholar (Bk II, ch. iv).
page 190 note a and, H.
page 190 note b peeple omitted in U.
page 190 note c This sentence is shorter in T: The lorde shulde in no wise overlaie the peple to make them barein of soche thinge as thei shulde leve upon.
39 In. 21: 17.
40 Ibid.
page 191 note a Hic loquitur de quatuor virtutibus cuilibet regi sive principi necessariis, T.
page 191 note b full convenient, H.
page 191 note c The passive from self is omitted in T.
page 191 note d misericorde, H.
page 191 note e Hic loquitur de virtute sciencie que est prima quatuor virtutum, T.
page 191 note f If, H.
page 191 note g A kynge or a prince for to governe his peple, his londe ande his subiettis, well and justli shulde be endued with the vertu of science, T.
page 191 note h all othir, T.
page 191 note i ende omitted in T.
page 191 note j the greet meeknesse, T and H.
page 191 note k that that thinge, T.
41 2 Cor. 8: 19.
42 Si. 1:16.
page 192 note a and wyse, H.
page 192 note b councell, T.
page 192 note c T omits the beginning of the sentence.
page 192 note d as the prophete David seith, T.
page 192 note e the trewe and wise men, T.
page 192 note f le sage, R.
page 192 note g that, T.
page 192 note h and wolde nat, H.
page 192 note i his, T.
page 192 note j and felly omitted in T.
page 192 note k the parte of parte, T.
page 192 note l sage and trewe, T.
page 192 note m Supplied from T and H.
page 192 note n purveye, H; soche yonge peple prevei, T.
43 Ps. 125:4, 5.
44 Nicomachean Ethics, Bk VIII, ch. i, 6 (trans. Rackham, p. 453).Google Scholar
45 1 Kg. 12: 8–10.
46 Untraced in modern editions of the Topica; the same idea is developed in the Ethics.
page 193 note a for youth of reson is not so acqueynted, T.
page 193 note b wel acordinge, H.
page 193 note c convenient, T.
page 193 note d the supplied from H.
page 193 note e to, T and H.
page 193 note f that he have disporte, T.
page 193 note g have repeated in U.
page 193 note h joieous in play, T.
page 193 note i bettre is disposid, H; the bettre is disposed, T. The sentence ends there in T.
page 193 note j inordinately, T.
page 193 note k by good counseill and good providence, T.
page 193 note l Iam sequitur de virtute providentie regis vel principis et quid sit providentia, T.
47 This is perhaps a reference to Dionysius Cato: ‘Interpone tuis interdum gaudia curis/Ut possis animo quemvis sufferre laborem’ (Le Roux de Lincy, M., Le Lime des proverbes français (2nd ed., Paris, 1859), ii, p. 450).Google Scholar
page 194 note a The passage which … use is omitted in T.
page 194 note b right necessarie, T.
page 194 note c providence, T.
page 194 note d the more shulde he desire to have wise and sage counsellors, T.
page 194 note e and just omitted in T.
page 194 note f in, T.
page 194 note g qui se doie sourquider ou si presumer de soy, R.
page 194 note h and peyne omitted in T.
page 194 note i and well conceyve, T and H.
page 194 note j also the omitted in T.
page 194 note k that he make, T and H.
page 194 note l as ben of sundri parties or straungers, T.
page 194 note m et quilz ne soient mie de dehors ne daucunes parties de la princey qui volentiers sont rebelles et acoustumes ace. Car naturelment chacun sacline volentiers …, R.
page 194 note n that he have omitted in T.
page 194 note o the good, H.
page 194 note p greet myschief, T and H.
page 195 note a of, U.
page 195 note b estre decepus et blasmes. Et pourroit len dire que ce seroient ses malhomes en qui il …, R.
page 195 note c for U.
page 195 note d theym omitted in U.
page 195 note e Omitted in T.
page 195 note f and also charge, H.
page 195 note g shulde, T.
page 195 note h unto him pure verite, H; unto hym the verrey trouth, T.
page 195 note i car il se conseille mie bien ne ne confesse qui ne dit verite. Et il n'est riens qui nuyse au prince …, R.
page 195 note j ne omitted in U.
page 195 note k he omitted in U.
page 195 note l so omitted in U, which has a black space.
page 195 note m than, U.
page 196 note a et selon ce que les besoignes dont len doibt conseiller pour mielx veoir ce que len doibt faire. Et quant len voit que cest bon, len le doibt diligeaument mettre a effet, si comme il a este consofilié; et ainsi le dit le philozophe en un livre qui est appelley ethiques, R.
page 196 note b Hic sequitur de virtute Justicie cuiuslibet regis et principis, T.
page 196 note c thus, T.
page 196 note d to noon othir, T and H.
page 196 note e is for to yive, T and H.
page 196 note f and there them chased and devortid, T.
page 196 note g as, T.
page 196 note h theyme to, H.
page 196 note i byte, T.
page 196 note j as, T.
48 Nicomachean Ethics, Bk VIII, ch. iii, 6 (trans. Rackham, p. 461).Google Scholar
49 ‘Iustitia est constans et perpetua voluntas ius suum cuique tribuens’ (the opening words of Justinian's Institutes).
50 Isa. 14: 12.
51 Gen. 3: 23, 24.
page 197 note a deedys omitted in T.
page 197 note b and princes se justice be kept, T; that thei doo justise be kept, H.
page 197 note c sparinge of them or for favour, T.
page 197 note d no maner reame, T.
page 197 note e that omitted in T.
page 197 note f to the omitted in T.
page 197 note g that, T.
page 197 note h longe shall abide, T.
page 197 note i and it to susteyne, T.
page 197 note j justice to be duli and truli kepte, T.
page 197 note k love and cherishe, T and H.
page 197 note l the peple his subiettis, T.
page 197 note m Narratio cronice added in T.
page 197 note n sage omitted in T.
page 197 note o Thann forth with the philosophre, T.
page 197 note p profete of there subiettis thanne, T.
52 1 Kg. 2:34.
53 Si. 10: 8.
page 198 note a anon gynne to faile, T.
page 198 note b semblable causes, T.
page 198 note c gret reames, T and H.
page 198 note d of auncientie omitted in T.
page 198 note e profile and of the peeple, U.
page 198 note f entendre du tout ne principalment, R.
page 198 note g entendaunce, H.
page 198 note h at is self, H.
page 198 note i whoo so will begynne ony good venue, T.
page 198 note j chiefly omitted in T.
page 198 note k first and kepe justice, T.
page 198 note l whiche … lande omitted in T.
page 198 note m owre lorde Jhesu, T.
page 198 note n Et ainsi le fist Dieu qui garde en soy les lois et les justices, R.
page 198 note o singuler, T.
54 This story does not come from the Gesta Romanorum.
page 199 note a a querre richesses et denieres, extorsions et mauvaises causes sur ses subges, R.
page 199 note b And that he takith fro his subiettis he gevith unto othur of straunge landis, T.
page 199 note c elles omitted in T.
page 199 note d doo omitted in T.
page 199 note e ne omitted in T.
page 199 note f and curse him omitted in T.
page 199 note g counseil, T.
page 199 note h and, T.
page 199 note i From this point, lacuna in H.
page 199 note j whanne he is, T.
page 199 note k his omitted in T.
page 199 note l to take, T.
page 199 note m whanne he shall doo execusion, doo it with softenes, T.
page 199 note n as, T.
page 199 note o it omitted in T.
55 ‘N'est pas seigneur de son pays/Qui de son pays est hay’ (Livre des proverbes francais, ii, p. 99).Google Scholar
page 200 note a Hic sequitur de virtute misericordie et quid prodest sive principi sive regi, T. R has misericorde for mercy, and no title for this chapter.
page 200 note b ony, T; as repeated in U.
page 200 note c feersenes, T.
page 200 note d with owte mercy and justice be ensembled, T.
page 200 note e ne … justise omitted in T.
page 200 note f peteable also, T.
page 200 note g so that whan, T.
page 200 note h of soche as be done, T.
page 200 note i to, T.
page 200 note j to his peple, that whanne he shall doo mercy, T.
56 Si. 16: 13, 14.
page 201 note a thorugh which he may fall into ony poverte, and so bi force take othir mennes goodis bi oppression, T.
page 201 note b indigence, T.
page 201 note c to fore, T.
page 201 note d right so, T.
page 201 note e That on is verite, and that other, T.
page 201 note f lesinges and omitted in T.
page 201 note g Ffor right as lawe is trewe and ferme, T.
page 201 note h as it is foule and shamefull to sey, H.
page 201 note i yet it is shamefull and hateful in the presence of God, T.
57 ‘Rex est lex animata in terris’ (Accursius, ad L.5 Cod. de jure Pisci, X, I).
page 202 note a that somtyme her trecherie, T.
page 202 note b wil not suffre, T.
page 202 note c perpetual, T and H.
page 202 note d he so is, H; he is so, T.
page 202 note e of little hardiesse, T and H.
page 202 note f irrecuperable, T.
page 202 note g all, T.
page 202 note h The two last sentences are transposed in H. The last sentence of U and T, however, is lacking in R.
page 202 note i Hic sequitur de officiariis et servientibus regis eligendis, T.
page 202 note j it omitted in U.
58 3 Ezr. 4: 35, 36.
59 Jn. 14: 6.
page 203 note a comme bailliz, vicomtes, chastelains, seneschaulx, prevaux et plusieurs aultres, R.
page 203 note b they … above seide omitted in T.
page 203 note c had omitted in T.
page 203 note d also omitted in T.
page 203 note e evill omitted in T.
page 203 note f they negligentli do in there offices, T.
page 203 note g and correcte them, T.
page 203 note h good and trewe officers ande wyse, T.
page 203 note i affeccion omitted in T.
page 203 note j to be written, T.
page 203 note k hadde, T.
page 203 note l preferryinge, T.
page 203 note m to the said, H.
page 203 note n to whom, T.
page 203 note o that he, T.
page 203 note p herd omitted in T.
60 This is an interesting story, very similar in structure to an exemplum. But there is no trace of it in Joinville, Guillaume de Saint-Pathus, or in Etienne de Bourbon. It is not mentioned by O'Connell, D., Les Propos de Saint Louis (Paris, 1974).Google Scholar
page 204 note a this goode king, H; this kynge, T.
page 204 note b have lordships to governe, T.
page 204 note c his princie, H; provincis, T; princey, R.
page 204 note d he omitted in U.
page 204 note e oo, U.
page 204 note f he shulde governe, T.
page 204 note g that folious governance doth, T.
page 204 note h heere omitted in T.
page 204 note i ses hosteulx, R.
page 204 note j to see his housold, his peple and his meayne wel governed, T.
page 204 note k do in no wise, T.
61 Nicomachean Ethics, Bk II, ch. iii, 4 (trans. Rackham, p. 81).Google Scholar
page 205 note a after hur, but reserve unto, T.
page 205 note b many omitted in U.
page 205 note c with, T.
page 205 note d good, T.
page 205 note e to, H; unto, T.
page 205 note f and deth omitted in T.
page 205 note g The last part of the sentence is omitted in T.
page 205 note h redresse, T.
page 205 note i that so to doon, H; that so doon, T.
page 205 note j his, T.
62 Prov. 10: 1.
page 206 note a shall ever endure, T.
page 206 note b well to omitted in T.
page 206 note c slouli and softli in the, T.
page 206 note d that he desired, H.
page 206 note e At this point, a new chapter, without title, starts in R and in H.
page 206 note f aforeseid, T.
page 206 note g them, T and H.
page 206 note h in great omitted in T.
page 206 note i he shuld nat omitted in T.
page 206 note j he owith, T.
page 206 note k owne omitted in T.
page 206 note l As it afore rehersed, a prince shulde nat be, T.
page 206 note m of greet omitted in T.
page 206 note n bitwene, T.
page 206 note o full omitted in T.
68 1 Kg. 13, 14.
page 207 note a wel, T and H.
page 207 note b he owith, T; oweth also, H.
page 207 note c pleynli, T.
page 207 note d The end of the previous sentence is omitted in T, which continues: And so the thinges as.
page 207 note e theis forseid, T.
page 207 note f puttynge holli his esperaunce bi sadde and good wisdom, T.
page 207 note g greet omitted in T.
page 207 note h and so, T.
64 Jg. 20.
page 208 note a harvest, T.
page 208 note b trespas, defaute and presumpcion, T.
page 208 note c of justise omitted in T.
page 208 note d it is to have, T.
page 208 note e and, T.
page 208 note f hath, H.
page 208 note g that he … people omitted in R.
page 208 note h comment que le prince et ses gens mettent grant diligence et grant pourveance a gouverner leur guerre et ce quil yfeit, et que len face, par bon advis et par bon conseil, des officiers de loste, R.
page 208 note i maisters of the werkys, espies and a omitted in T.
page 208 note j dyvers, T.
page 208 note k as the tyme, T.
65 1 Mac. 3: 19.
page 209 note a werres omitted in U.
page 209 note b A blank space in T.
page 209 note c Gyles in his boke, T.
page 209 note d largely spekith, T and H.
page 209 note e cappitaines des villes, chastellains de chasteaulx de garde, tresoriers de la guerre, clers des mareschaulx, clers des herbalestriers, maitre des ouvrages, espies de leur maistre, prevost de lost, le juge des crimes, le roy des ribaux, le mestre sur les esplenceures, sur de gasteurs, diseniers, cinquanteniers, centeniers, le mestre de la bulete, le mestre portant la banniere du prince, le mestre au penmichel, le restreigneur des batailles, la garde du fraing au prince, lamiral de la mer. Par ce que dit est, je me passe de plus parler des enseignemens du gouvernement au prince en temps de guerre, et qui en vouldra plus savoir, voie le livre de Vegece sur le fait de chevalier, et le tiers livre du gouv. des princes et autres parlans de cest matiere, R.
page 210 note a R: fo. 165 ra. P: p. 151.
page 210 note b R: treize CC.
page 210 note c P: que la grace.
page 210 note d P: Qui doie au roy des roys desplaire.
page 210 note e P: Et que aussi en mes.
page 210 note f P: p. 152.
page 210 note g P: ie sceusse.
page 210 note h R:.fo. 165 rb.
66 This is the text of R, collated with P; differences of spelling have not been indicated.
page 211 note a P: servantz.
page 211 note b P: p. 153.
page 211 note c P: loyauté.
page 211 note d R:fo. 165 va.
page 211 note e P: leur.
page 211 note f P: p. 154.
page 212 note a P: bien.
page 212 note b R: fo. 165 vb.
page 212 note c P: Et soy et son gouvernement.
page 212 note d P: p. 155.
page 213 note a R:fo. 166 ra.
page 213 note b P: p. 156.
page 213 note c The next four lines are lacking in R.
page 213 note d P: le tesmoigne.
page 213 note e R omits est.
page 213 note f P: Ou de lange trop poliz.
page 213 note g R: fo. 166 rb.
page 214 note a P: Cen dont iay dit ….
page 215 note a R: fo. 180 va. P: p. 207.
page 215 note b P omits the passage from et, assez …
page 215 note c P: ie veil retourner a la fin de cest livre a la leolinetté et a la rime, et diray…
page 215 note d R omits qui.
page 215 note e R:fo. 180 vb. P: p. 208.
page 216 note a P: Et ce fait amer ….
page 216 note b P: A conbien vault ….
page 216 note c P: puet.
page 216 note d End of P.
page 216 note e R: fo. 181 ra.
page 217 note a R: fo. 181 rb.
page 217 note b fo. 181 va.
page 218 note a fo. 181 vb.
page 219 note a fo. 182 ra.