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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 December 2009
page 1 note 1 This is particularly true of the period 1521–33 for which no letters survive, but for which the Statuta offer interesting evidence.
page 1 note 2 Presse, D. A., ‘Notes et documents sur les derniers temps de l'Abbaye de Cîteaux’, Analecta Sacri Ordinis Cisterciensis, x, 1954, pp. 182–8Google Scholar; Talbot, C. H., ‘Notes on the Library of Pontigny’Google Scholar, ibid., xii, 1956, pp. 155–9.
page 2 note 1 Humpfner, T., Archivum et Bibliotheca Cistercii et quattuor primarum filiarum eius, Roma, 1932, p. 6.Google Scholar
page 3 note 1 Humpfner, , pp. 4–6.Google Scholar
page 4 note 1 Briquet, C. M., Les Filigranes, Leipzig, 1923.Google Scholar
page 4 note 2 Epist. 2, infra, p. 38 sq.
page 5 note 1 Epist. 86, pp. 172–3.
page 5 note 2 Four letters were printed by Gautier, P., ‘De l'état des monastères Cisterciens Anglais à la fin du xve siècle’ in Melanges d'histoire offerts à M. Charles Bémont…, Paris, 1913, pp. 423–35Google Scholar. He dates letter 61 1493, a date accepted by Stevenson, W. H. and Salter, H. E., The early history of St John's College, Oxford (Oxford Historical Soc., new series, vol. i, Oxford, 1939), p. 27Google Scholar. The Irish documents in this collection have been published by Orpen, G. H., ‘Some Irish Cistercian documents’, English Historical Review, xxviii, 1913, pp. 305–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Colmcille, Fr., ‘Three unpublished Cistercian documents’, County Louth Archaeological Journal, xiii, 1955, pp. 252–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 5 note 3 Coulton, G. C., ‘The interpretation of Visitation documents’, Eng. Hist. Rev., xxix, 1914, p. 39CrossRefGoogle Scholar. note 62, for the letter of Oliver Combe (Infra, No. 135) which he dates 1516–18.
page 6 note 1 e.g. nos. 8, 26, 29, 30, 46, 51, 54, etc.
page 6 note 2 Statutu Capitularam Generalium Ordinis Cisferciensis, ed. Canivez, J.-M. (hereafter S.C.G.), v, 515, No. 63.Google Scholar
page 6 note 3 Epistola 103: ‘Seraphici quoque viri, de quibus solebamus iocunde scribere, a nobis penitus discessere usque ad superiores Jerarchias, clamantes osanna in excelsis; sed ne ortulis vestris nec rose nec lilia desini flores honoris et honestatis ac angelicum vicenarium supplebit numenim.’ The seraphin viri are the English coins stamped with the image of St Michael and called ‘Angels’: the superiores Jerarchias mean Cîteaux. The rose et lilia (a phrase taken from the liturgy) refer to rose nobles and florins, the lily being the emblem of Florence. I have dealt with these and other allusions in an article, ‘Marmaduke Huby, Abbot of Fountains (1495–1526)’, Analecta Sacri Ordinis Cisterciensis, xx, 1964, pp. 165–84.Google Scholar
page 6 note 4 There are one or two only in this present collection.
page 6 note 5 e.g. Epist. 11, 12, 15, 18, 36, 37, 40, 43, 47, 48, 51, 54, 61, 62, 64, 71, etc.
page 6 note 6 S.C.G., v, passim.
page 7 note 1 Epist. 2.
page 7 note 2 Epist. 7.
page 7 note 3 Epist. 79, 80.
page 7 note 4 Epist. 81.
page 7 note 5 Epist. 99, 101.
page 7 note 6 Epist. 17, 26, 34, 54, 59, 74, 86, 89, 95, 109, 121. I published the original petition for the founding of St Bernard's College, not known to Stevenson and Salter, in an article ‘The English Cistercians and the Universities’, Studia Monastica, iv, 1962, p. 212Google Scholar, note 75.
page 7 note 7 Graham, Rose, ‘The Great Schism and the English monasteries of the Cistercian Order,’ Eng. Hist. Rev., xliv, 1929, pp. 373–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 7 note 8 Epist. 1, 12, 12a, 32, 87, 95, 109, 110.
page 8 note 1 S.C.G., iv, 390–1Google Scholar. The holding of Chapters in England was confirmed by Eugene IV in 1437 and licence was granted to hold them for three years, ibid. iv, 420–1.
page 8 note 2 infra, p. 27.
page 8 note 3 e.g. 1445 S.C.G. (iv, 574)Google Scholar, 1482 (ibid., v, 435), 1489 (ibid., v, 687), 1510 (ibid., vi, 393–4).
page 9 note 1 S.C.G., iv, 431, 486–7, 604Google Scholar; v, 54, 76, 149, 239, etc.
page 9 note 2 Epist. 7, pp. 47–48.
page 9 note 3 S.C.G., v, 154Google Scholar, ‘dum nuper ad ipsum regnum accessit’.
page 9 note 4 S.C.G., v, 401.Google Scholar
page 9 note 5 S.C.G., v, 435.Google Scholar
page 9 note 6 S.C.G., v, 445, 454–8, 481–3, 517–23.Google Scholar
page 9 note 7 Epist. 40, 41, 62, 104, and the case of William Marlowe.
page 9 note 8 Morton's Register (Lambeth Palace Library), fol. 6 sq. Wilkins, Concilia prints the latest and more elaborate form of this Bull given in 1489; but the one to which the Abbot of Fountains refers (Epist. 50) was issued by Pope Innocent VIII in 1487.
page 10 note 1 Perry, G. C., ‘The Visitation of the monastery of Thame, 1526’, Eng. Hist. Rev., in, 1888, pp. 704–22.Google Scholar
page 10 note 2 Perry, , pp. 717–22.Google Scholar
page 10 note 3 S.C.G., v, 687.Google Scholar
page 10 note 4 Epist. 61.
page 10 note 5 Epist. 52, 53, 62, 63, 64.
page 10 note 6 S.C.G., v, 19Google Scholar, 40, 99, 194, 287, 306–7, 317–19, 449, 535, 544, 641, etc.: see also the interesting case of Jacques de Breucquet and the Abbey of Ourscamp, S.C.G., v, 611–12.Google Scholar
page 11 note 1 S.C.G., vi, 474–5, 700.Google Scholar
page 11 note 2 In 1476 the debt owed by the Order to Cîteaux was 25,448 gold florins; in 1479 a further debt of 6,500 gold ducats had been incurred in Rome; additional debts of 7,400 francs in 1490, 8,002 francs in 1495, 14,056 francs in 1496 were also incurred.
page 11 note 3 S.C.G., v, 10Google Scholar, 25, 52, 215, 245, 313, 315, 359–65, 379–80, 385–9, etc.
page 11 note 4 A register dated 1354 with a list of contributions to be imposed on all the filiations of Citeaux, Clairvaux and Pontigny is still preserved in the Archives at Dijon, 11 H. R. 170. The contributions are graduated into four kinds, moderata, mediocris, dupplex and excessiva. The estimated sum obtainable from a contributio moderata imposed on all the filiations of Cîteaux was £1,011 19s. 4d., from a contributio excessiva £2,680 17s. 6d. From Clairvaux the comparable total sums were, moderata £7,457 14s. 7d., excessiva £19,648 6s. 1d. These are enormous sums, and had they been paid regularly would have more than sufficed to finance the business of the Order. For a similar list to be paid by houses in England about 1400, see the document printed in Stevenson, W. H. and Salter, H. E., The early history of St John's College, Appendix ii, pp. 62–6.Google Scholar
page 11 note 5 i.e. in 1488, see S.C.G., v, 729.Google Scholar
page 11 note 6 In 1479 the legation to Rome sent for the purpose of combating the evil of commenda incurred a debt of 6,500 gold ducats.
page 12 note 1 S.C.G., v, 612Google Scholar. In this case 2,000 ducats were borrowed from the bankers of Lyons.
page 12 note 2 S.C.G., v, 676Google Scholar. The debt incurred this time was 6,000 ducats (p. 674), cf, p. 714.
page 12 note 3 Epist. 110.
page 12 note 4 A sketch of the beginnings of the Studium at Oxford is to be found in Stevenson, and Salter, , The early history of St John's College, pp. 3–13Google Scholar. The fact that Stephen Heberd, a Cistercian, was principal of Eagle Hall and subsequently of Hinkley Hall, both rented from the Abbey of Oseney may indicate that these houses were used by Cistercian students whilst their own building was in course of construction: cf. Registram Cancellarli, ed. Salter, H. E. (Oxford Historical Society), i, 133, 137, 173Google Scholar; ii, 341.
page 12 note 5 McNulty, J., ‘William of Rymington, Prior of Salley Abbey, Chancellor of Oxford, 1372–3’, Yorks. Arch. Journal, xxx, 1931, 231–47Google Scholar; xxxi, 1932, 62–4.
page 12 note 6 A brief account is given in DNB; see also Oxford Formularies, ed. Salter, H. E., Pantin, W. A., Richardson, H. G. (Oxford Historical Society, new series, 5), i, pp. 252–4Google Scholar; ii, p. 311, note 3.
page 12 note 7 Oxford Formularies, pp. 281–327.Google Scholar
page 13 note 1 The expression comes from the letters patent of Henry VI, printed in Stevenson and Salter, op. cit., Appendix iii, p. 67.
page 13 note 2 S.C.G., iv, 387–8.Google Scholar
page 13 note 3 S.C.G., iv, 574.Google Scholar
page 13 note 4 Printed by Stevenson, and Salter, , op. cit., Appendix vi, pp. 75–81.Google Scholar
page 13 note 5 Epist. 1, 5, 11.
page 13 note 6 Epist. 5.
page 13 note 7 Epist. 33. The letter of 24 May 1483 from King Edward V (Grants of King Edward V, Camden Soc., 1854, p. 75Google Scholar) is a consequence of this activity of the abbots.
page 13 note 8 Epist. 54.
page 13 note 9 Epist. 59. That some work was being carried out, though intermittently, is evident from the accounts submitted by the Abbot of Stratford Langthorne: but subsequently the Abbot of Fountains (Epist. 104) expressed some suspicion about these accounts and denounced them to the Abbot of Cîteaux.
page 14 note 1 Epist. 89, and S.C.G., vi, 108–9.Google Scholar
page 14 note 2 Register of the University of Oxford, ed. Boase, C. W., Oxford, 1885Google Scholar. These registers, which cover only the years 1449–63 and 1505–38, cannot give a complete picture of the Cistercians at the University: in the first period only eight are recorded as supplicating for or receiving degrees, and about fifty in the second.
page 14 note 3 S.C.G., v, 440–1.Google Scholar
page 14 note 4 The donation was made 22 September 1189 and confirmed 12 June 1195, and again 14 May 1198.
page 14 note 5 I have dealt with this subject more fully in ‘Cîteaux and Scarborough’, Studia Monastica, ii, 1960, pp. 95–158Google Scholar. Another aspect of the matter has been described by Richard, J., ‘La Custodie de Scarborough et la pêche en mer du Nord au xiiime siècle’, Le Moyen Âge, 1946, 257–70.Google Scholar
page 14 note 6 Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1405–8, p. 52.Google Scholar
page 14 note 7 S.C.G., v, 148, 399, 435Google Scholar; see also ‘Cîteaux and Scarborough’.
page 14 note 8 Epist. 109, 129.
page 15 note 1 Epist. 87, 88.
page 15 note 2 Epist. 112–120.
page 15 note 3 Epist. 88, 91, 95, 96, 98, 103.
page 15 note 4 Wright, T., Three chapters of letters relating to the suppression of monasteries (Camden Soc., old series, 26, 1843).Google Scholar
page 15 note 5 Epist. 128.
page 15 note 6 Epist. 139.
* Letters 74–76 should probably be dated one or two years earlier.