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III Tractatus de Regimine Principum ad Regem Henricum Sextum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2009

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Extract

The De Regimine Principum ad Regem Henricum Sextum is found in only one manuscript, B.L., Cotton MS. Cleopatra A. xiii, of which it is the first and chief item. The contents of the manuscript, inadequately described in the Cotton catalogue, are as follows:

1. De Regimine Principum ad Regem Henricum Sextum, fos. 4r–135v.

2. Matutine de Trinitate, diebus dominicis dicende, fos. 136r–141v.

3. Matutine de nomine Jhesu, die lune dicende, fos. 141v–146r.

4. Matutine de Sancto Spiritu, die martis dicende, fos. 146r–150r.

5. Matutine de passione Domini, die martis et die mercuriis devote dicende, fos. 150r–157v.

6. Matutine de sapiencia dicende die jovis ad omnes horas, fos. 157V–163r.

7. Matutine de compassione beate Marie in sabbatis dicende, fos. 163r–171v.

8. Oracio devota ad beatissimam virginem Mariam in quacumque necessitate firma fide dicenda, fos. 172r–174v.

9. Oracio divinitus revelata beate Brigitte sponse Christi, in qua devotissime laudantur omnia membra gloriose corporis virginis Marie et virtuose actus eius corporales, fos. 174V–177V.

10. Devota oracio ad eandem virginem gloriosam pro bono fine optinendo, fos. 177v–179r.

11. Oracio ad beatum Johannem, priorem Bridlyngton';, fos. 179r–180v.

Type
Research Article
Information
Camden Fourth Series , Volume 18: Four English Political Tracts of the Later Middle Ages , December 1977 , pp. 40 - 173
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1977

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References

1 A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library (London, 1802), P. 577.Google Scholar

2 On fo. 3 is a note in an eighteenth-century hand: ‘A picture of King Henry VI described in Dr. James's catalogue p. 136.6 appears to have been cut out from this place. Cha. Morton, A. Gifford, April 21, 1757’.

3 Some illuminations are reproduced in Schools of Illumination. Reproductions from manuscripts in the British Museum, iv (London, 1922), pl. 15.Google Scholar

4 Hoccleve's Works. III. The Regement of Princes, ed. F. J. Furnivall (E.E.T.S., Extra Series, vol. 72, 1897Google Scholar). Hoccleve's main sources are cited pp. xv–xvi.

5 See pp. 44–5, where the dating is discussed.

6 Virgoe, R., ‘The composition of the king's council, 1437–61’, B.I.H.R., xliii (1970), pp. 134–60.Google Scholar

7 See Stillwell, G., ‘The political meaning of Chaucer's Tale of Melibee’, Speculum, xix (1944), pp. 433–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar, which discusses this theme at some length. See also Gilbert, A. H., ‘The sources of Hoccleve's Regement of Princes’, Speculum, iii (1925), p. 96.Google Scholar

8 Somerset had access to the library of Bury St Edmunds, where he was Master of the Grammar School from 1418 (B.R.U.O., iii, pp. 1727–8Google Scholar). Bury's library possessed a copy of Aelred's homily quoted in the De Regimine Principum (see p. 55).

9 Saltmarsh, J., King Henry VI and the Royal Foundations (Eton: Cambridge, 1972), PP. 5–6.Google Scholar

10 Traditional views of the king's character are expressed in McFarlane, K. B., ‘England: The Lancastrian Kings, 1399–1461’, Cambridge Medieval History, viii (Cambridge, 1936), p. 399Google Scholar; Christie, M. E., Henry VI (London, 1922)Google Scholar; and in Gasquet, Cardinal's The religious life of king Henry VI (London, 1923)Google Scholar, whose attempt to redeem the king on the grounds of personal sanctity did not improve his status as a king. Recent views have been expressed by J. Saltmarsh (see n. 9) and Wolffe, B. P., ‘The personal rule of Henry VI’, Fifteenth-Century England, 1399–1509. Studies in politics and society, ed. Chrimes, S. B., Ross, C. D. and Griffiths, R. A. (Manchester, 1972), pp. 29–48.Google Scholar

11 See Ferguson, J., English Diplomacy, 1422–1461 (Oxford, 1972), esp. p. 151.Google Scholar

12 B.R.U.O., i, pp. 187–8.Google Scholar

13 P.R.O., E 101/402/5, fo. 27r.

14 P.R.O., E 101/9/109, fo. 35r.

15 See pp. 113–15.

16 Among the twenty-eight chaplains of 22 Henry VI (P.R.O., E 101/409/11, fo. 38r) none seems to have been a student, although some were possibly later to become members of the university; e.g., John Hore, perhaps the same John Hoare who became a King's Scholar at Eton in 1443 and proceeded to King's College, Cambridge (B.R.U.C., p. 307).Google Scholar

17 See p. 168.

18 See pp. 40 and 114.

19 See p. 113 and n. 326.

20 See the Appendix, pp. 169–73.

21 See p. 53, and nn. 38 and 39.

22 See pp. 67–71.

23 See p. 79 seq.

24 See Ferguson, , English Diplomacy, p. 21 seq.Google Scholar; Dickinson, J. G., The Congress of Arras (Oxford, 1955).Google Scholar

25 Allmand, C. T., ‘The Anglo-French Negotiations, 1439’, B.I.H.R., xl (1967), pp. 1–33Google Scholar; ‘Documents relating to the Anglo-French Negotiations of 1439’, Camden Miscellany XXIV (London, 1972), pp. 79–149.Google Scholar

26 A digest of the English position on the hereditary claim to the crown of France is on p. 81. See Lizzen, V., A War of Roses and Lilies. The theme of succession in Sir John Fortescue's works (Helsinki, 1971).Google Scholar

27 See p. 82, and n. 170.

28 See p. 106 seq.

29 See p. 156, and Saltmarsh, King Henry VI, passim.

30 See p. 165.

31 See p. 114.

32 See p. 41.

33 For much of what follows see Purvis, J. S., ‘St. John of Bridlington’, Journal of the Bridlington Augustinian Society (1924).Google Scholar

34 This is B.L., Royal MS. 2 A xviii. It contains, fos. 8r–8v, a prayer to the saint which, however, differs from those in Cleopatra A. xiii.

35 Henry the Sixth: a reprint of John Blacman's Memoir, ed. James, M. R. (Cambridge, 1919)Google Scholar. Blacman states that, when hidden in a secret place after his defeat, the king received information about his fate from the Virgin Mary, St Dunstan and St Anselm (p. 43).

36 johannis Capgrave Liber de Illustribus Henricis, ed. Hingeston, F. C., RS, London, 1858.Google Scholar

37 Purvis, , ‘St. John of Bridlington’, p. 29Google Scholar. See Henrici VI Angliae regis miracula postuma, ed. Grosjean, P. (Brussels, 1935)Google Scholar, where the point seems to have been missed.

38 The Burgundian attack on Calais was a consequence of the breaking of the Anglo-Burgundian alliance after the Congress of Arras in 1435. It was launched in July 1436, under the personal supervision of duke Philip, with mostly Flemish troops. The town was relieved by the duke of Gloucester and the earl of Huntingdon. See Thielemans, M.-R., Bourgogne et Angleterre. Relations politiques et Économiques entire les Pays-Bas bourguignons et l'Angleterre (Brussels, 1966), pp. 90–107.Google Scholar

39 On the Scottish attack, see Henderson, T., The Royal Stewarts (Edinburgh, 1914), p. 41Google Scholar. The coincidence between the Flemish and Scottish attacks certainly struck contemporaries: the Anlaby Cartulary which, in its brief chronology, has only six entries relating to the reign of Henry VI, states, under 1436, ‘Calais and Roxburgh besieged’ (James, M. R., ‘The Anlaby Cartulary, The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, xxxi (1934), p. 342).Google Scholar

40 This refers to the French offensive in Normandy, which was accompanied by violent popular unrest. These events were reported by Basin, Thomas, Histoire de Charles VII, ed. Samaran, C., i (Paris, 1933), pp. 197–233Google Scholar. The relations between the agrarian crisis and the military situation are described by Bois, G., Crise du féodalisme: Recherches sur l'économie rurale et la démographie, du début du XIVe au milieu du XVIe siècle en Normandie orientate (Paris, 1976).Google Scholar

41 Gen. 14: 15, 16.

42 Exod. 17: 11, 12.

43 Jon. 2: 11.

44 Dan. 6: 17, 25.

45 Dan. 13: 45.

46 Ac. 12: 7.

47 This reference is of outstanding interest, since this work by Aelred is now lost. The Omelia Festivitatis Sancti Edwardi Regis, an exposition in honour of St Edward on the theme ‘Nemo accendit lucernam’ (Lk. 8: 16), was probably preached by Aelred on the solemn translation of the Confessor's body to Westminster in October 1163 (The Life of Aelred of Rievaulx by Walter Daniel, ed. Powicke, F. M. (London, 1950), p. xlviiiGoogle Scholar). According to Hoste, A. (Bibliotheca Aelrediana, in Instrumenta Patristica, ii (Steenbruge, 1962), p. 102CrossRefGoogle Scholar) this work is still untraced today, although its existence is further attested by the Chronicon Angliae Petriburgense (ed. Giles, J. A., Caxton Soc., 1845, p. 98)Google Scholar. Manuscripts of the text were reported to exist at Buckfast (Cistercian); Bury St Edmunds (Benedictine) (see Tanner, T., Bibliotheca Britannica-Hibernica (London, 1748), p. xxviGoogle Scholar); and at Aggsbach (Carthusian) in Germany.

48 Si. 46.

49 1 Kg. 12: 28, 29.

50 2 Kg. 16: 11, 14.

51 2 Kg. 18:4.

52 2 Kg. 21.

53 2 Kg. 23: 3, 21.

54 Jn. 18: 30, 31.

55 Mt. 6: 22.

56 1 Kg. 10: 18, 19.

57 Lk. 1:48.

58 Gen. 3:23.

59 Exod. 14: 28.

60 1 Sam. 28: 17.

61 1 Kg. 12: 15, 17.

62 1 Mac. 7: 4.

63 Dan. 4: 28.

page 58 note a In the margin De mansuetudine.

page 58 note b In the margin contra iram.

64 Flares operum D. Bernardi Abbatis Clareyallensis (Lyon, 1570), p. 236Google Scholar (Bk. V, c. 6); from the Tractatus de Gradibus Humilitatis et Superbiae, Sancti Bernardi Abbatis Clarae-Vallensis Opera Omnia, ed. Mabillon, J. (Paris, 1839)Google Scholar, II, c. 1283.

65 Mt. 11: 29.

page 59 note a In the margin de correccione.

66 De reg. princ., Bk I, pt II, ch. 27. The quotation is made up of two inverted passages. Our author has replaced the word ‘politia’ by ‘regnum’, and suppressed the word ‘respublica’.

67 Num. 12: 3.

68 1 Kg. 20: 31.

69 Mt. 21: 5.

70 J1. 2: 13.

71 Wis. 11: 27.

72 Seneca, , De dementia, I, xix, 3Google Scholar. In Moral Essays, trans. Basore, J. W., LCL, I (London: New York, 1928), p. 411.Google Scholar

page 60 note a MS. faciente.

page 60 note b MS. submergeatur.

73 Mt. 18: 15.

74 Mt. 18: 16.

75 Dan. 13: 55, 59.

76 Tit. 2: 15.

77 Summa, IIa IIb, CVIII, 3, 3.Google Scholar

page 61 note a MS. conmutetur.

78 Augustine, , De Civitate DeiGoogle Scholar, XXI, II, 6 seq., CCSL, 48, p. 777Google Scholar, citing Cicero, De Legibus, fragment.

79 Exod. 20: 13.

80 Exod. 22: 18.

81 Ps. 106: 3.

82 Exod. 32: 28.

83 Num. 25: 10, 13.

84 1 Kg. 2: 59.

85 I Sam. 28: 18.

86 1 Kg. 20: 42.

page 62 note a In the margin quadrifolium caritatis.

87 Augustine, , Enarrationes in Psalmos, III, Ps. CXVIII, s. VII, 4, 10–12Google Scholar, CCSL, 40, p. 1684.Google Scholar

88 Summa, IIa IIe, XLIV, 8, 3.Google Scholar

89 1 Jn. 3: 16.

90 Gal. 6: 10.

91 1 Tim. 5: 8.

92 Eph. 3: 19, 18.

page 63 note a In the margin de concordia in commumtate.

93 Prov. 17: 17.

94 Aelredi Rievallensis Opera Omnia, I, ed. Hoste, A. and Talbot, C. H., III, 48, 334–8Google Scholar, CCCM, I, p. 326Google Scholar. The last words are a quotation from Jerome.

95 Mt. 5: 44.

96 Augustine, , De Doctrina Christiana, I, 28, 3–4Google Scholar, CCSL, 22, p. 22.Google Scholar

97 I Jn. 3: 17.

page 64 note a MS. cedare.

98 Here begins a passage freely adapted from Waleys, John, Ad omne hormmtm genus liber summa collationum dictusGoogle Scholar (Cologne, c. 1470), fos. 14r–15r, pt I, dist. I, ch. 2 (cited elsewhere as Communeloquium). Waleys is here citing Augustine, De Civitate Dei (in which Augustine quotes Cicero, De Re Publica), as well as Cicero, De Officiis.

99 As far as the quotation from Gregory, this passage is taken directly from De reg. princ., Bk III, pt II, end of ch. 34. Colonna cites Aristotle, Art of Rhetoric.

page 65 note a In the margin de quinque racionibus moventibus ad caritatem.

100 Untraced quotation.

101 Gregory the Great, Homiliarum in Ezechielem Libri Duo, Homil. X, 34Google Scholar, PL, 76, 900.Google Scholar

102 Summa contra gentiles, III, CXVIIGoogle Scholar, the whole chapter being cited here. It includes one of the most famous passages from Aristotle's Politics.

103 Jn. 15: 12.

page 66 note a In the margin Tria signa dileccionis.

104 The Dictum LXXII is neither among the Dicta printed by Brown, E., Fasciculus Rerum Expectandanan et Fugiendarum, ii (London, 1690), pp. 258–305Google Scholar, nor among those included in Dicta Lincolniensis. A selection of the Dicta Theologica of Robert Grosseteste, ed. Jackson, G. (Lincoln, 1972)Google Scholar. In B.L., Royal MS 6 E v (a manuscript from Merton Priory) the Dictum occurs at fos. 33vb–34vb, the passage cited being at the end of fo. 34va, but with many discrepancies. Dictum LXXII is, in fact, Sermo 53, and is found as such in Royal MS 7 D xv, fo. 40 (the manuscript comes from the Cistercian abbey of Ravesby. See Thomson, S. H., The Writings of Robert Grosseteste (Cambridge, 1940)Google Scholar).

105 This idea is found in most works dealing with stones. See Pliny, , Natural History, XXXVII, 9Google Scholar; Seneca, , Naturales Quaestiones, XXV, 12Google Scholar; and Anglicus, Bartholomeus, De Proprietatibus RerumGoogle Scholar (Basel, 1475), fo. CXXVvb, who seems to draw his information on this point from Gregory's Super Ezechielem.

106 This sentence comes from the Tractatus de creatione primi hominis, an excerpt of the Pseudo-Augustine's Liber de Spiritu et Anima, ch. 35, PL, 40, 805Google Scholar (see also 1213–14).

page 67 note a MS. nostras.

107 Jn. 15: 13.

108 Job 9: 4.

109 Phil. 4: 7.

110 Pseudo-Augustine, , Sermo XCVII, PL, 39, 1932.Google Scholar

111 Isa. 9: 6.

113 Jn. 14: 27.

113 2 Cor. 13: 11.

page 68 note a In the margin de bonis habitis per pacem et de mails comitantibus guerram.

114 Untraced quotation.

115 Rom. 13: 1.

116 Lk. 2: 14.

117 Isa. 48: 22.

118 Mt. 5: 9.

page 69 note a MS. cedandum.

119 This may be an allusion to the Arras negotiations.

120 Eph. 2: 14.

121 recte Lk. 10: 5.

122 Pseudo-Augustine, , Sermo XCVH, PL, 39, 1931.Google Scholar

123 Mt. 5: 9.

124 I Sam. 4: 18; 2 Kg. 12: 1.

page 72 note a In the margin Tria sunt consideranda in punicione.

125 wis. 8: 14, 15. After this quotation, pur author cites long unacknowledged passages from De reg. princ.;after ‘pro primo’, Bk III,pt II, ch. 36 (complete); after ‘pro secundo’, about two-thirds of ch. 34, coming abruptly to an end a little before n. 133, the remainder of the chapter having already been cited above, n. 99. All the quotations from Aristotle come by way of this work.

126 Art of Rhetoric, trans. Freese, J. H., LCL (London: New York, 1926), p. 195Google Scholar. (Bk II, ch. iv.)

127 Ibid.

page 73 note a In the margin De obediencia subdito et penes regem.

128 The Politics, trans. Rackham, H., LCL (London, 1932), p. 549Google Scholar (Bk VII, ch. iii, 3).

129 Untraced in modern editions of The Politics.

130 This could be a reference to The Politics, IV, vi, 3.

131 Untraced in modern editions of The Art of Rhetoric.

132 Probably a remote allusion to The Politics, IV, iii, 13.

page 75 note a MS. contumacione.

133 Lk. 10: 16.

134 Dt. 17: 12, 13.

135 Dt. 21: 18, 19 and 21.

138 S. Bernardi Opera, ed. Leclercq, J., IV (Rome, 1966), p. 19.Google Scholar

137 Gen. 3: 24.

page 76 note a In the margin de punicione transgressorum.

138 Gen. 19: 26.

139 1 Sam. 15: 23.

140 1 Kg. 13: 20–4.

141 1 Kg. 20: 35, 36.

142 Col. 3: 22.

143 De reg. princ., Bk III, pt II, ch. 15, citing Aristotle, , Art of Rhetoric, I, xiii, 4Google Scholar (trans. Freese, , p. 149).Google Scholar

page 77 note a In the margin de bonitate et paciencia regis.

144 Jos. 2: 10, 11.

145 Wis. 8: 15.

page 78 note a In the margin De bello licito.

146 Lk. 6: 45.

147 Gen. 22: 7, 12

148 Gen. 37.

149 Tob. 2:11, 12.

150 Job. 17: 15.

151 Dan. 3: 93.

152 1 Sam. 24: 7, 8.

153 Mt. 18: 26–7.

154 Lk. 23: 34.

155 See Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina, II (Brussels, 1900–1901), 8626–46Google Scholar. It is impossible to say whether the author is borrowing from Vincent of Beauvais, Speculum Historiale, or from Voragine, Legenda Aurea.

156 Lk. 21: 19.

157 This may be a further allusion to the failure of the Anglo-French negotiations at Arras.

158 Augustine, , De Civitate Dei, XIX, II, 26–34Google Scholar, CCSL, 48, p. 675.Google Scholar

159 Exod. 17: 9, 12.

160 Summa, IIa IIe, XL, I, 4Google Scholar (as far as n. 164).

161 Rom. 13: 4.

162 PS. 82: 4.

163 Augustine, , Contra Faustum, XXII, 75Google Scholar, CSEL, 25, p. 673Google Scholar. This passage is also quoted in the Summa, IIa IIe, XL.

164 Augustine, , Quaestionum in Heptateuchum Libri Septem, VI, 10Google Scholar, PL, 34, 781Google Scholar. Also quoted in the Summa, IIa IIe, XL, and in the Decretum, pars II, causa XXIII.

165 See n. 47 above. It is impossible to be sure of the length of the passage cited, but it may go almost to the end of the paragraph, before ‘Cum igitur, regalissime Rex’.

166 Ca. 4: 1.

page 81 note a MS. annos.

page 81 note b MS. illi patrati sunt qui.

page 81 note c In the margin De titulo regni Francie.

167 The first of these two sentences has not been found in Augustine. It is quoted here from the Summa (IIa IIe, XL); Aquinas states that he cites De Verbis Domini (as here), whereas Gratian (Decretum, I, col. 893) states that it comes from an equally unknown De Diversis Ecdesiae Obseruationibus. (See. Vanderpol, A., La Doctrine scolastique du droit de guerre (Paris, 1919), pp. 310–11.Google Scholar) The second sentence is a quotation from Contra Faustum, XXII, 74Google Scholar, CSEL, 25, p. 672Google Scholar, which is also quoted in the Summa and in the Decretum (col. 892).

168 Num. 27: 2, II. It is striking that this should be the basis of the ‘daughter’ argument in SirFortescue, John, De Natura Legis NatureGoogle Scholar; see Clermont, Lord, The Works of Sir John Fortescue (London, 1869), p. 116Google Scholar. For a summary of this discussion, see Jacob, E. F., ‘Sir John Fortescue and the Law of Nature’, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, xviii (1934), p. 373Google Scholar. See also Lizzen, V., A Wear of Roses and Lilies. The theme of succession in Sir John Fortescue's works (Helsinki, 1971), esp. pp. 34–5.Google Scholar

page 82 note a In the margin Lamentacio de effusione sanguinis christiani.

169 Memorials effigiatum Librarian Prophetiarum seu visionum Beatae Brigidae alias Birgittae (Rome, 1556), Bk IV, ch. 105, Y(D). For references made at this time to the prophecies of St Bridget, see Dickinson, J. G., The Congress of Arras, 1435 (Oxford, 1955), pp. 146–7Google Scholar; Allmand, C. T., ‘Documents relating to the Anglo-French Negotiations of 1439’, Camden Miscellany XXIV (London, 1972), p. 116Google Scholar; they had also been referred to by Hoccleve, , Regement of Princes, ed. Furnivall, p. 194.Google Scholar

170 This seems to refer to the marriage of Henry V and Catherine of Valois in June 1420.

page 83 note a In the margin Que sunt in bello consideranda.

171 The whole of De reg. princ., Bk III, pt III, ch. 9 is now inserted.

172 The Politics, II, i, 4Google Scholar (trans. Rackham, p. 73).

173 This is an Aristotelian commonplace. See, for instance, The Nicomachean Ethics, trans. Rackham, H., LCL (London: New York, 1926), p. 429Google Scholar (Bk VII, ch. x, 4).

174 After copying ch. 9, our author makes a general reference to the remainder of De reg. princ., Bk III, which is much influenced by the De Re Militari of Vegetius.

175 Cicero, De Inventione, trans. Hubell, H. M., LCL (London: New York, 1949). p. 331Google Scholar (II, 164).

176 Mt. 10: 22.

177 Gregory, , Homiliarum in Evangelia Libri DuoGoogle Scholar, Homil. XXV, I, PL, 76, 1189.Google Scholar

178 Epist. CXXIX ad Januenses, 2Google Scholar (Sancti Bernardi … Opera Omnia, ed. Mabillon, I, c. 337).Google Scholar

179 1 Sam. 14: 27.

180 See the De Virtutibus of William of Auvergne (Guillielmi Alverni Opera Omnia (Venice, 1591), p. 1513Google Scholar).

181 Jg. 18: 9.

183 1 Cor. 7: 20.

183 I Cor. 9: 24.

184 Aristotle: The Metaphysics, Books X–XIV, trans. Tredennick, H., LCL (London: Cambridge, Mass., 1935), p. 167Google Scholar (Bk XII, ch. x, 2).

185 Gal. 5:1.

186 1 Jn. 2:27.

187 de Lyra, Nicholaus, Glossa super totam BibliamGoogle Scholar, v (Rome, 1472), fo. 242v.

188 Rev. 2: 25.

189 S. Bernardi Opera, ed. Leclercq, J. and Rochais, H.-N., VII (Rome, 1974), p. 88Google Scholar, lines 5–6 (ex. inf. Dom J. Leclercq).

page 88 note a MS. eum.

page 88 note b In the margin De perseverancia antiquorum patrum.

180 Gen. 2: 2.

191 Jn. 17: 4.

192 Job 27: 6.

193 Ac. 20: 24.

194 1 Kg. 9.

195 Neh. 4.

196 Tob. 2: 14.

197 Jdt. 4: 12.

198 Dan. 3: 18.

199 Dan. 6: 13.

200 Dan. 13: 23.

201 2 Mac. 6: 18, 19.

202 Lk. 24: 52, 53.

203 AC. 4: 13.

204 Ac. 14: 28.

page 89 note a MS. magnus.

page 89 note b In the margin De constancia.

205 Jn. 20: 11, 18.

206 Lk. 2: 36, 38.

207 Gen. 21: 2.

208 Prov. 18: 9.

209 1 Cor. 9: 24.

210 Num. 9: 18.

page 90 note a In the margin De veritate et fidelitate servanda.

211 Ps. 101: 6.

212 Augustine, , De Civitate Dei, XIV, 4, 7–16Google Scholar, CCSL, 48, p. 418Google Scholar, citing Jn. 14: 6.

213 Ps. 119: 30.

214 Jn. 18: 37, 38.

215 2 Tim. 4: 4.

216 Eph. 4: 25.

217 1 Sam. 20: 30.

218 Jdt. 5; 26 and reference to Jdt. 6: 1.

219 Jer. 36: 23.

220 Mt. 14: 8.

221 Jn. 9: 34.

222 Ac. 5: 28.

223 Ac. 7: 57.

page 92 note a MS. omnem.

224 1 Jn. 3: 18.

225 Jn. 4: 23.

226 Flares … Bernardi, pp. 495–6Google Scholar (Bk VII, c. 74). This sentence occurs in several of Bernard's sermons, such as the Sermo in Dom. I post octavam Epiphan., PL, 183, 318.Google Scholar

227 There are lives of St Andrew and St Laurence in the works of both Vincent and Voragine. For St Stephen, see Ac. 7: 59.

page 93 note a MS. proquinquaret.

228 Mt. 10: 22.

229 Augustine, , De Civitate Dei, XIII, 10, 1–10, 23–6Google Scholar, CCSL, 483 pp. 391–2.Google Scholar

230 2 Mac. 9: 9.

231 Augustine, , Sermo de Discipline Christiana, CCSL, 46, p. 221Google Scholar (lines 334–5).

232 Ps. 27: 13.

233 Isa. 35: 2. The whole paragraph is extracted from Hugh of Saint-Cher. See Domini Hugonis Cardinalis Postilla sen divina Expositio (Paris, 1539)Google Scholar, fo. lviii. All references, as far as n. 244, come from this work, with the exception of a reference from Gregory, added by our author.

234 Gen. 18:2.

235 Ca. 8: 1.

236 This quotation is not found in either Gregory, , Expositio super Cantica Canticorum, PL, 79, 471–548Google Scholar, or in Gregorius Iliberritanus, In Canticum Canticorum Libri Quinque, CCSL, 69, pp. 169–210.Google Scholar

237 Bar. 3: 24, 25.

238 Lk. 22: 29, 30.

page 95 note a In the margin De memoria mortis.

239 Jn. 14: 2.

240 Jn. 15: 15.

241 Job, 38; 33.

242 Prov. 31: 21.

243 Re. 14: 13.

244 Isa. 60: 5.

245 Untraced reference.

246 EC. 11: 8.

247 Si. 10: 9.

248 Dan. 5: 5, 6.

243 Si. 41:1.

250 Si. 7: 40.

251 Isa. 38: 1.

page 96 note a In the margin De duplici morte.

page 96 note b Followed by solis, cancelled. The author probably had in mind the line ‘A solis ortu usque ad occasum’ (Ps. 113).

252 Flares … Bernardi, p. 642Google Scholar (Bk IX, c. 5). This is Sermo CXVI, De duabus mortibus et totidem resurrectionmbus (Sancti Bernardi … Opera Omnia, ed. Mabillon, III, c. 2571; S. Bernardi Opera, ed. Leclercq, , VI (Rome, 1970), p. 393Google Scholar).

253 Augustine, , De Civitate Dei, XIII, II, 83–7Google Scholar, CCSL, 48, p. 394.Google Scholar

254 Flares … Bernardi, p. 380Google Scholar (Bk VI, c. 29), from the Meditationes Piissimae de cognitione humanae conditions (III, 7)Google Scholar, Sancti Bernardi … Opera Omnia, ed. Mabillon, II, i, p. 667.Google Scholar

255 Gesta Romanorum, ed. Oesterley, H. (Berlin, 1872), pp. 329–30Google Scholar. None of the three works attributed to Bonaventure which could bear this title, the Summa de Gradibus Virtutum, the Summa Conscientiae, and the Sex Alis Seraphim contains this story. On this literature, see Bloomfield, M. W., ‘A preliminary list of Incipits of Latin works on the virtues and vices, mainly of the thirteenth fourteenth and fifteenth centuries’, Traditio xi (1955), pp. 259–379CrossRefGoogle Scholar, nos. 155, 6993 993 and 1089.

page 97 note a In the margin De duplici resurreccione.

256 See n. 252 above.

257 Gregory the Great, Moralium Libri sive Expositio in Librum job, Bk XXIII, chs. 1 and 2 (citing Eph. 4: 15 and Col. 1: 24), PL, 76, 251.Google Scholar

258 Job, passim.

259 Gregory, , MoraliumGoogle Scholar, Bk XIV, ch. 55, 70, PL, 75, 1076.Google Scholar

260 Job 19: 25.

261 Gregory, , MoraliumGoogle Scholar, Bk XIV, ch. 56 (on Job 19: 26), PL, 75, 1077.Google Scholar

262 Lk. 24: 39.

263 Lk. 24: 34.

264 de Gorran, Nicholaus, In Evangelium Lucae EnarratioGoogle Scholar, XXIV. See In quatuor Evangelia Commentarius R.P.F. Nicolai Gorrani Ordinis Dominici, (Antwerp, 1617), fo. CCCCLXXXIIIv. All references to the Bible, as far as n. 267, come from Gorran. The following reference (n. 268) is added by our author, who continues to cite Gorran for a while.

265 Ps. 3: 6.

266 Mt. 28: 18.

267 Rom. 6: 9.

268 Ps. 12: 6.

269 Mt. 20: 22.

270 Mk. 8: 31, 33.

271 Mt. 26: 54.

272 Phil. 2: 8, 9.

273 Ac. 14: 21.

274 Ac. 17: 3.

275 1 Pet. 1: 18–19.

276 Rom. 5: 10.

277 Zc. 9: 11.

278 Mic. 2: 13.

page 101 note a In the margin De leonibus divini timoris.

279 Gregory, , MoraliumGoogle Scholar, Bk I, ch. 13, PL, 75, 530.Google Scholar

280 EC. 7: 19.

281 Augustine, , De Doctrina Christiana, II, 9, 1–2Google Scholar, CCSL, 22, p. 36.Google Scholar

282 Gen. 20: 8.

283 Tob. 1: 10.

284 Ac. 10: 35.

285 Si. 25: 14.

286 Zc. 13: 7.

287 Lk. 23: 28, 31.

288 de Lyra, Nicholaus, GlossaGoogle Scholar, iv, fo. 143.

289 Prov. 11: 31.

290 Job 19: 12.

291 1 Pet. 5: 8, 9.

292 Prov. 6: 34.

293 Ps. 143: 2.

294 EC. 9: 1, 2.

295 Isa. 21: 1, 2.

296 Job 21: 6.

297 Gregory, , MoraliumGoogle Scholar, Bk I, ch. 3, PL, 75, 313.Google Scholar

298 Untraced quotation.

page 105 note a In the margin Septem condiciones de confessione.

page 105 note b ad patrem repeated and struck out.

299 Lk. 15: 18. This is followed by a quotation from Gorran, In Evangelium Lucae Enarratio, fo. CCCCXVIr.

300 Si. 25: 6.

301 This is taken from John Waleys, Communeloquium, fo. 34v, pt I, dist. III, ch. 2. Waleys is here citing Gregory, although the story comes from Rufinus.

302 2 Sam. 24: 17.

303 Lk. 15: 18.

304 Gen. 19: 26.

305 Mt. 25: 41.

page 108 note a In the margin De quatuor que requiruntur ad consiencie puritatem.

306 This is a reference to the famous Cur Deus Homo (Sancti Anselmi Cantuariensis Opera Omnia, ed. Schmitt, F. S., ii (Rome, 1940), pp. 59–61).Google Scholar

307 1 Cor. 2: 2.

308 Mt. 3: 2.

309 1 Pet. 2: 21.

310 Ps. 34: 20.

311 Eph. 6: 12.

312 Rom. 16: 20.

313 Untraced quotation.

314 Untraced quotation.

315 Ps. 10:16. The first words of the commentary alone are from Augustine, , Enarrationes in Psalmos, CCSL, 38, p. 66.Google Scholar

316 1 Jn. 2: 16.

317 Mt. 18: 10.

318 Summa, Ia, CXIII, 4, 3.Google Scholar

319 Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum Libri, Bk XII, ch. 4, 12, PL, 82, 443Google Scholar. Here however, the idea is more likely to have come from Bartholomeus Anglicus.

320 Ps. 76: 6; Augustine, , Enarrationes in Psalmos, CCSL, 39, p. 1043.Google Scholar

321 The story is found both in the Vita Sancti Dunstani of Eadmer (Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., RS, London, 1874, p. 207Google Scholar) and in John Capgrave's Vita et Miracula Dunstani (ibid., p. 345). Here it is cited from Waleys, John, CommuneloquiumGoogle Scholar, fo. 99r, pt I, dist. X, ch. 5, the story being based upon Eadmer. The feast of Dunstan had been given first-class status in England during the reign of Henry V (The Saint Alban's Chronicle, 1406–1420, ed. Galbraith, V. H. (Oxford, 1937), p. 70).Google Scholar

322 Gen. 27: 3.

323 Pseudo-Bernard, , Meditationes de humana conditions, PL, 184, 501Google Scholar. The quotation is based upon Sermo 62, B of St Bernard (S. Bernadi Opera, ed. Leclercq, , II (Rome, 1958), p. 160).Google Scholar

324 Dan. 14: 6.

325 Isidore of Seville, Sententiarum Libri Tres, Bk III, ch. 7, 9–10, PL, 83, 673–4.Google Scholar

page 113 note a aspice repeated and struck out.

326 Christe qui lux est was edited by Daniel, H. A. (Thesaurus Hymnologicus, i (Halle, 1841), p. 33Google Scholar) from Cologne Cathedral MS. CVI, a manuscript which may be of English origin (Jaffe, P. and Wattenbach, G., Ecclesiae Metropolitanae codices manuscripti (Berlin, 1874), pp. 43–4Google Scholar). Daniel stresses that this prayer was, in the old Carthusian breviary, to be sung at compline throughout the year. See also Legg, J. Wickham, Missale ad Usum Ecclesie Westmonasteriensis, iii (Henry Bradshaw Soc., xii (1896)), p. 1372Google Scholar. It is interesting to compare the programme which follows with the fist of prayers to be recited in Henry V's chapel. See Gesta Henrici Quinti. The Deeds of Henry the Fifth, trans. Taylor, F. and Roskell, J. S. (Oxford, 1975), ch. 22, pp. 151–5.Google Scholar

327 This verse is part of the evening service of compline.

328 On St John of Bridlington, see introduction, pp. 45–6.

329 Ps. 98: 5.

330 Lev. 9: 13.

331 Si. 35: 10.

332 Lev. 22: 20.

page 117 note a Quod in me is repeated.

page 117 note b MS. consulero.

333 Gen. 18: 27, 32.

334 Gen. 25: 21.

335 Exod. passim.

336 Exod. 32: 31.

337 Num. 12: 13.

338 Dan. 13: 42, 43.

339 An allusion to Christ's prayer on the Mount of Olives, recorded in the four gospels.

340 De reg. princ., Bk I, pt II, ch. 7, quoting Aristotle, , Nicomachean EthicsGoogle Scholar, Bk VI, ch. v, 1 (trans. Rackham, , p. 337).Google Scholar

341 Ibid., Bk VI, ch. viii, 4 (trans. Rackham, , p. 349).Google Scholar

342 1 Cor. 10: 33.

343 Prov. 31: 10. See Van Loë, P., ‘De Vita et Scriptis Beati Alberti Magni: III’, Analecta Bollandiana (xxi, 1902), p. 366Google Scholar. This is a quotation from the Liber de Muliere Parti, printed in Beati Alberti Magni Ratisbonensis episcopi … Opera Omnia, ed. Jammy, P. (Lyon, 1651), p. 84b.Google Scholar

344 See above, n. 255.

345 Seneca, , Liber Annei Senece de formula honeste vite vel de quattuor virtutibus cardinalibusGoogle Scholar (Paris, n.d.) fo. 4v. This is from Martin of Bracara, Formula Vitae Honestae (Martini Bracarensis Opera Omnia, ed. Barlow, C. W. (New Haven, 1950), p. 240Google Scholar lines 37–40). From this point, much of the chapter's plan is taken from De reg. princ., Bk II, pt II, ch. 8, although the work is not actually quoted.

page 120 note a In the margin De duplici memoria.

346 Gen. 40: 23.

347 Dt. 32: 18.

348 This quotation, which probably comes from a collection of Flores, is not found in Pseudo-Augustine, , Sermo de contemptu mundi, PL, 40, 1215–18.Google Scholar

page 121 note a In the margin Contra detractores.

349 Seneca, , Proverbia secundum ordinem alphabeti cum tractatu eiusdem de moribusGoogle Scholar (Paris, n.d.) fo. 3r.

350 Tob. 3: 3.

351 Gen. 50: 17.

352 Lev. 19: 18.

353 Rom. 1: 30.

354 Num. 12: 10.

355 Dan. 7: 5.

page 122 note a In the margin Contra adulatores.

356 2 Ch. 24: 17, 19.

357 Wis. 4: 11.

358 Gal. 3: 1.

359 de Lyra, Nicholaus, GlossaGoogle Scholar, v, fo. 89r.

360 Isa. 13: 22.

361 Mt. 22: 16.

362 This is not a gloss by either Lyra or Gorran.

page 123 note a MS. spirite.

363 Mt. 10: 16.

364 This refers to Johannes Eleemosynarius, bishop of Alexandria, who died in 616. His life is in PL, 73, 337–84.Google Scholar

365 1 Pet. 4: 7.

366 de Lyra, Nicholaus, GlossaGoogle Scholar, v, fo. 233r.

367 Summa, IIa IIe, LX, 2, 3 and 1, 4.Google Scholar

368 Jn. 7: 24.

page 125 note a In the margin De malis iudicibus.

369 Gen. 10: 9.

370 Exod. 14: 24.

371 Dan. 2: 13.

372 Dan. 4: 28, 29.

373 Est. 7: 9.

374 2 Mac. 9.

375 Gen. 39: 20.

376 Gen. 18: 20, 21.

page 126 note a MS. ostiala.

377 Jn. 8, with quotation from 8: 8.

378 Jg. 8: 26–7.

379 Isa. 1: 16, 17.

380 2 Kg. 5: 26, 27.

381 Dt. 27: 25, 26.

382 Dan. 14: 14.

383 Jas. 2: 9.

384 Waleys, John, CommuneloquiumGoogle Scholar, fo. 61v, pt I, dist. IV, prologus.

385 prOv. 4: 25.

page 127 note a In the margin De quibus debent iudices precavere.

386 Dt. 17: 18, 20.

387 Job 29: 16.

388 Prov. 28: 21.

389 Exod. 23: 2.

390 Si. 7: 6.

391 Exod. 23: 8.

392 Summa, IIa IIe, XXX, 1.Google Scholar

393 Art of Rhetoric, II, viii, 16Google Scholar (trans. Freese, , p. 231).Google Scholar

394 Untraced quotation.

page 129 note a In the margin Exempla misericordie.

395 Jn. 21: 19.

396 Ac. 22: 7.

page 131 note a In the margin Exempla quomodo Reges et principes debent esse misericordes.

397 Untraced quotation.

398 De reg. princ., Bk III, pt II, ch. 23, which is given in almost its entirety.

399 Art of Rhetoric, I, xiii, 17 (trans. Freese, , p. 147).Google Scholar

400 Ibid.

401 Ibid.

402 Art of Rhetoric, I, xiii, 18Google Scholar (trans. Freese, , p. 147).Google Scholar

403 Colonna probably borrows this story from Augustine, , De Civitate Dei, IX, 5Google Scholar, CCSL, 47, p. 254Google Scholar, quoting Cicero, , De Oratore, I, xi, 47.Google Scholar

404 Art of Rhetoric, I, xiii, 18Google Scholar (trans. Freese, , p. 147).Google Scholar

405 Ibid.

page 133 note a In the margin De iusticia ad deum offerenda.

406 Ibid.

407 Ibid., I, xiii, end of chapter (trans. Freese, pp. 147–9).

408 Ps. 5: 6.

page 134 note a In the margin De penitencia.

page 134 note b In the margin Exempla de penitencia.

409 Jdt. 10: 2.

410 Epistola CXIII ad Sophiam virginem (Sancti Bernardi … Opera Omnia, ed. Mabillon, Google Scholar, I, c. 308), ending with Si. 17: 26.

411 Isa. 1: 16.

412 Aristotle. On the Heavens, trans. Guthriej, W. K. C.LCL (London: New York, 1939), p. 155Google Scholar (Bk II, ch. iv).

413 Rom. 2: 4.

414 Gen. 38.

415 Exod. 8: 25.

416 Ec. 3: 4.

page 136 note a In the margin De iusticia erga proximum.

417 Ps. 110: 4.

418 Ez. 40.

419 Dt. 16: 19.

420 Bede, , In Marcum, XIV, 10–11Google Scholar, CCSL, 120, p. 608.Google Scholar

421 Anglicus, Bartholomeus, De Proprietatibus RerumGoogle Scholar (Basel, 1475), fo. CLIVra.

422 Mt. 5: 10.

423 Dan. 13: 9.

424 This paragraph is borrowed from De reg. princ., Bk III, pt II, ch. 29, citing Ntcomachean Ethics, Bk V, ch. x, 7 (trans. Rackham, p. 317).

425 Here begins a long quotation from De reg. princ., Bk I, pt II, ch. 12.

426 Metaphysics, Books I–IX, Bk I, ch. i, 12Google Scholar (trans. Tredennick, p. 7).

427 Nicomachean Ethics, Bk V, ch. i, 16Google Scholar (trans. Rackham, p. 261).

428 Ibid., 17–18.

429 Est. 7: 8, 10.

430 Dan. 6: 26, 27.

431 1 Kg. 21: 9, 10.

432 This story is not found in Oesterley's edition of the Gesta Romanorum, but occurs in a slightly different form in Cicero, De Officiis, III, xxii.

433 This is The Art of Rhetoric, I, iii, 1Google Scholar (trans. Freese, p. 33), by way of De reg. princ., Bk III, pt II, ch. 18. Our author makes use of the plan of the chapter, and mixes some sentences derived from Egidius Colonna, together with quotations of his own choice from Chrysostom, Johannes Lemovicensis and Aelred.

page 140 note a MS. cedavit.

434 Untraced quotation.

435 Exod. 14.

436 Johannis Lemovicensis, abbatus de Zinc, Opera Omnia, ed. C. Horvath, i, p. 78Google Scholar. It is worth noticing that he was a Cistercian.

page 141 note a In the margin que sunt in consiliis attendendis.

437 Aelredi Rievallensis Opera Omnia, I, I, 19–21, 108–25Google Scholar, CCCM, I, p. 292.Google Scholar

438 Prov. 17: 17.

439 Nicomachean Ethics, Bk III, ch. iii, 8Google Scholar (trans. Rackham, p. 135). From this point our author adapts freely from De reg. princ., Bk III, pt II, ch. 17, and then starts copying with greater precision.

440 Nicomachean Ethics, Bk III, ch. iii, 10Google Scholar (trans. Rackham, p. 137).

441 Art of Rhetoric, III, xiv, 3–4Google Scholar (trans. Freese, p. 429). Alexander is probably Paris, son of Priam?

page 144 note a In the margin Quatuor gradus pro consiliariis recipiendis.

442 Nicomachean Ethics, VI, ix, 2Google Scholar (trans. Rackham, p. 353).

443 Lk. 16: 10.

444 See 1 Sam. 14 and 20.

445 Bartholomeus Anglicus, De Proprietatibus Rerum, fo. CXXVIIvb.

page 147 note a In the margin De amore mutuo inter dominos conservendo.

446 2 Sam. 15: 21.

447 Gen. 2: 18.

448 Job 2: 11.

449 Est. 3: 13, 14.

450 Exod. 5: 13–14.

451 Lk. 16: 21.

452 Num. 27: 18; Gen. 14: 14; 1 Kg. 19: 16; Ac. 9–12.

453 Wis. 6: 23.

454 Exod. 18: 21.

455 Gregory, , Moralium, Bk IX, ch. 3, 3Google Scholar, PL, 75, 860Google Scholar

456 Exod. 14: 13.

457 2 Mac. 3: 16, 30.

page 150 note a MS. speciosus.

page 150 note b In the margin duo que confortant ecclesiam.

458 Peter of Blois Epistola CXXXVIII, PL, 207, 411Google Scholar, quoting Hilary of Poitiers, De Sancta Trinitate.

459 Gen. 7: 17.

460 Ps. 78; 66.

461 Flores … Bernardi, pp. 407–8Google Scholar (Bk VII, c. 10): Sermo LXII super Cantica (S. Bernardi Opera, ed. Leclercq, II, pp. 154–5).Google Scholar

page 151 note a MS. reformare.

page 151 note b MS. maestatem.

462 Bartholomeus Anglicus, De Proprietatibus Rerum, fo. CXXVva.

463 AC. 1; 1.

464 de Lyra, Nicholaus, GlossaGoogle Scholar, v, fo. 177v.

465 Untraced quotation.

466 Exod. 17: 10, 11.

467 Gregory, , Moralium, Bk XX, ch. 5, 12–13Google Scholar, PL, 76, 142Google Scholar, as far as n. 474.

468 Lk. 12: 32.

469 Mk. 14: 38.

470 Mt. 10: 22.

471 Lk. 18: 8.

472 Jn. 6:71.

473 Lk. 23:43.

474 Untraced quotation on Mt. 18: 7.

475 Num. 16: 17.

476 1 Sam. 17: 17, 50.

477 Gregory, , Moralium, Bk XXX, ch. 3, 15Google Scholar, PL, 76, 532.Google Scholar

478 Exod. 6–13; Num. 25: 7, 8; 1 Kg. 18; 2 Kg. 6: 26, 27; 2 Tim. 6.

479 Richard of Saint Victor, De Praeparatione animi ad contemplationem: liber dictus Benjamin minor, ch. iv, PL, 196, 4.Google Scholar

480 Tractatus de moribus et officiis episcoporum ad Henricum archiepiscopum Senonensem (Sancti Bernardi… Opera Omnia, ed. Mabillon, II, c. 1108).

481 Exod. 8: 14.

482 Prov. 11:26.

page 156 note a MS. saluberima.

483 Bartholomeus Anglicus, De Proprietatibus Rerum, fo. CXXXra.

484 Job 31: 12.

485 Gregory, , Moralium, Bk XXI, ch. 12, 12Google Scholar, PL, 76, 201–2Google Scholar (as far as n. 487).

486 Dt. 28: 13.

487 There are here two passages linked together, the second, beginning ‘Heu, igitur’ being Gregory, , MoraliumGoogle Scholar, Bk XIV, ch. 42–3, PL, 75, 1061–2.Google Scholar

488 Dt. 28: 13.

489 Lk. 22: 12.

490 Here begins a long quotation from John Waleys, Communeloquium, fos. 176v–177r, pt IV, dist. I, end of ch. 8 and 9.

491 Mt. 3: 15.

492 Lam. 4: 15.

493 Tit. 1: 7.

494 Jn. 20: 22, 23.

495 Untraced quotation.

496 Lk.2:9.

497 2 Sam. 4: 6.

498 Mt. 25: 21 or 23.

499 Gen. 31: 38, 41.

500 Jg. 4: 4, 5.

501 Ez.7:10.

502 Job 12: 5.

503 Gen. 12: 1.

504 EC. 4: 12.

505 Gen. 22.

506 Gen. 41: 12.

507 Jn. 21: 18.

508 2 Ch. 33: 12, 13.

509 Jer. 36: 18.

510 Gen. 45: 26.

511 Ac. 12: 7.

512 Summa, IIa IIe, LXXXIII, 12, 3Google Scholar (as far as n. 515).

513 Augustine, , Epistula CXXX ad Probam, CSEL, 44, p. 60.Google Scholar

114 Hos. 14:3.

115 Ps. 16:9.

516 Flores … Bernardi, p. 235Google Scholar (Bk V, c. 5); Sermo LXXXVI super Cantica (S. Bernardi Opera, ed. Leclercq, II, p. 319).Google Scholar

517 Rev. 3: 20.

518 Nicholaus de Lyra, Glossa, v, fo. 236v.

519 Ca. 5: 2.

520 2 Ch. 33: 13.

521 2 Ch. 20: 6, 12.

522 Jon. 3: 5.

523 2 Ch. 9: 7.

524 Ps. 25: 15.

525 Num. 8: 14, 15.

526 Jg. 7:7.

527 Anglicus, Bartholomeus, De Proprietatibus RerumGoogle Scholar, fo. CLIVra.

528 Si. 6: 10. The five conditions of unity and concord are taken from John Waleys (Communeloquium, fo. 132v, pt II, dist. VIII, ch. 3). Our author has suppressed most of the quotations supplied by Waleys, and has added his own commentaries and quotations. A notable exception is the extract from Seneca (see n. 537, below).

529 Ps. 55: 15.

530 Gen. 45: 9.

531 Mt. 17: 4.

532 Gen. 4: 2, 7; 6: 14, 15; 21: 9, 10; 27.

533 Si. 25: 1.

534 Rom. 12: 10.

535 Nicholaus de Lyra, Glossa, v, fo. 23r.

536 Nicomachean Ethics, Bk VIII, ch. iii, 6Google Scholar (trans. Rackham, p. 461).

537 The quotation, which comes from John Waleys, is from Seneca, , Epistola ad Lucilium, 95Google Scholar (Sénéque, Lettres à Lucilius, ed. Prechac, F. and Noblot, H. (Paris, 1971), p. 105).Google Scholar

538 Gal. 6: 2.

539 de Lyra, Nicholaus, GlossaGoogle Scholar, v, fo. 93r.

540 Gregory, , Moralium, Bk XXI, ch. 14, 21Google Scholar, PL, 76, 202–3Google Scholar (on Job 21:14).

page 168 note a MS. perlustrari.