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Introduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2009

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Introduction
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Camden Fourth Series , Volume 25: The Diary of Edward Goschen 1900–1914 , July 1980 , pp. 1 - 61
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Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1980

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References

1 Goschen to Grey, dated 6 Aug. 1914, F.O. 371/2164; B.D., xi, no. 671; cited hereafter as ‘no. 671’; for a discussion of the real date of this document see below.

2 See below, p. 51; also Appendix B.

3 R. P. Rumbold wrote on the envelope containing this document: ‘A rough account by me of the crisis at Berlin during the 12 days which preceded the European war. This account was written immediately after I returned to England on 7 August, 1914.’ Martin Gilbert in his Sir Horace Rumbold (1973), pp. 104–25Google Scholar, to which I am much indebted, quotes at length from this document, cited hereafter as ‘Rough Account’.

4 ‘Ancestral Tree,’ the property of the family.

5 De Bunsen to Hilda von Deichmann, 9 Jan. 1910, de B.P., MB/I/11. I have made enquiries at Rugby School, but have been unable to confirm de Bunsen's statement. However, there seems to be no reason to question its correctness: Goschen was a good athlete.

6 Goschen to Rumbold, 21 March 1915, Gr. P., F.O. 800/1107.

7 Bruce, , op. cit., p. 122.Google Scholar

8 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 28 05 1909Google Scholar, H.P., 15.

9 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 29 11 1913Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/371.

10 Goschen, to Hardinge, , ‘Xmas Eve’, 1909Google Scholar, H.P., 15.

11 Bruce, , op. cit., p. 122.Google Scholar

12 It has sometimes been stated or implied that Goschen was of Jewish descent. To prove that he had no Jewish ancestry at all would be impossible. However, the ‘Ancestral Tree’ affords no evidence of any. Several of Goschen's forebears were Lutheran pastors.

13 D.A.B., i, p. 26.Google Scholar

14 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 5 05 1911Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/348.

15 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 18 05 1912Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/355.

16 Goschen, G. J. to Goschen, , 5 03 (1896)Google Scholar; year not specified, but evident from contents; Go. P.

17 Goschen, G. J. to Goschen, , 29 04 1896Google Scholar, Go. P.

18 Goschen, G. J. to Goschen, , 21 12 1897Google Scholar, Go. P.

19 Goschen, G. J. to Goschen, , 5 03 (1896)Google Scholar, Go. P.

20 Goschen, G. J. to Goschen, , 29 04 1896Google Scholar, Go. P.

21 Goschen to G. J. Goschen (draft), undated, but evidently written early in 1896, Go. P.

22 Ibid.

23 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 10 06 1910Google Scholar, H.P., 20.

24 Bruce, , op. cit., p. 132.Google Scholar

25 Bruce, , op. cit., p. 115.Google Scholar

26 Goschen to G. J. Goschen (draft), undated, but evidently written early in 1896, Go. P.

27 Bruce, , op. cit., p. 121.Google Scholar

28 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 4 12 1908Google Scholar, H.P., 12.

29 Goschen, to Lascelles, , 4 02 1907Google Scholar, Las. P., F.O. 800/13.

30 Goschen, to Grey, , 21 02 1913Google Scholar, F.O. 371/1650.

31 Baring, , op. cit., p. 214.Google Scholar

32 Rattigan, , op. cit., p. 134.Google Scholar

33 Bruce, , op. cit., p. 93.Google Scholar

34 Facing, p. 92.Google Scholar

35 D.A.B., i, p. 26.Google Scholar

36 Goschen to G. J. Goschen (draft), undated, but evidently written early in 1896, Go. P.

37 See Petrovich, M. B., A History of Modern Serbia 1804–1318 (New York, 1976), ii, p. 474Google Scholar, to which I am much indebted.

38 Goschen, draft memorandum, undated, Go. P.

39 Mensdorff, to Goluchowski, , 8 03 1905Google Scholar, P. A. VIII/134, Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv, Vienna. I am indebted to Dr F. R. Bridge for transcripts of this document and of that quoted immediately below.

40 Mensdorff, Tagebuch, 29 May 1905, Nachlass Albert Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrich-stein, Karton IV, Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv, Vienna.

41 Goschen, to Lansdowne, , 30 06 1905Google Scholar, Lan. P., F.O. 800/117.

42 For Goschen's relations with Steed see Schuster, P., Henry Wickham Steed und die Habsburgermonarchie (Vienna, 1970).Google Scholar

43 Goschen, to Grey, , 13 12 1905Google Scholar, Gr. P., F.O. 800/40.

44 Goschen, to Lascelles, , 11 04 1906Google Scholar, Las. P., F.O. 800/13.

45 Goschen, to Grey, , 19 04 1907Google Scholar, Gr. P., F.O. 800/40.

46 Goschen, to Grey, , 13 12 1905Google Scholar, Gr. P., F.O. 800/40.

47 Goschen, to Grey, , 19 04 1907Google Scholar, Gr. P., F.O. 800/40.

48 Bridge, F. R., Great Britain and Austria-Hungary 1908–1914 (1972), p. 18.Google Scholar

49 ‘Views of the Foreign Office on subjects which the German Emperor may possibly raise during the visit of His Majesty to Windsor,’ 9 11 1907Google Scholar, R.A., W. 52/55.

50 FitzRoy, A., Memoirs (1925), i, p. 337Google Scholar; see also Nicolson, H., Sir Arthur Nicolson (1930). p. 290.Google Scholar

51 For the history of Goschen's appointment see Lee, S., King Edward VII (1927), ii, pp. 612–19.Google Scholar

52 Young, H. F., Prince Lichnowsky and the Great War (Athens, U.S.A., 1977), p. 206.Google Scholar

53 Goschen, to Cartwright, , 27 08 1908Google Scholar, Cartwright Papers.

54 Steed, to Bell, , 14 08 1908Google Scholar, Steed Papers. See also Steed, op. cit., i, p. 282.

55 Bell, to Steed, , 10 07 1908Google Scholar, Bell Papers.

56 Steed, to Bell, , 19 08 1908Google Scholar, Steed Papers.

57 Schwabach, to Holstein, , 22 08 1908Google Scholar, von Schwabach, P., Aus meinen Akten (Berlin, 1927), p. 149.Google Scholar

58 Grey, to Bertie, and others, 2 10 1908Google Scholar, B.D., v, no. 278.

59 Grey, to Goschen, , 2 10 1908Google Scholar, B.D., v, no. 279.

60 Goschen, to Grey, , 4 10 1908Google Scholar, B.D., no. 289.

61 Grey, to Goschen, , 5 10 1908Google Scholar, B.D., v, no. 299.

62 Chirol, to Steed, , 19 10 1908Google Scholar, Chirol Papers.

63 Hardinge, to Knollys, , 26 10 1908Google Scholar, R.A., W. 54/120.

64 Hale, O. J., Publicity and Diplomacy (New York, 1940), p. 319.Google Scholar

65 Hardinge, to Goschen, , 3 11 1908Google Scholar (copy), H.P., 13.

66 Goschen, to Grey, , 5 11 1908Google Scholar, B.D., v, no. 430.

67 Das politische Tagebuch Joseph Redlichs, ed. Fellner, F. (Graz, Köln, 1953)Google Scholar, 9 Dec. 1908, i, p. 3.

68 Aehrenthal, to Mensdorff, , 17 12 1908Google Scholar, Ö.U.A., i, no. 768.

69 Aehrenthal, to Mensdorff, , 25 02 1909Google Scholar, Ö.U.A., i, no. 1055.

70 Aehrenthal, to Mensdorff, , 17 12 1908Google Scholar, Ö.U.A., i, no. 768.

71 Radziwill, Marie to Robilant, , 5–7 12 1908Google Scholar, Lettres de la Princesse Radziwill au Géneral de Robilant (Bologna, 1934), iv, p. 52.Google Scholar

72 Rumbold, , op. cit., p. 7Google Scholar; for a picture of the Embassy see p. 6.

73 Goschen, to Grey, , 12 11 1908Google Scholar, B.D., vi, no. 134; for Kiderlen's waistcoat see Goschen, to Hardinge, , 27 11 1908Google Scholar, H.P., 11, quoted below.

74 Goschen, to Grey, , 13 11 1908Google Scholar, B.D., vi, no. 136.

75 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 21 11 1908Google Scholar, H.P., 11.

76 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 27 11 1908Google Scholar, H.P., 11.

77 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 4 12 1908Google Scholar, H.P., 11.

78 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 26 02 1909Google Scholar, H.P., 15.

79 Ibid.

80 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 14 10 1910Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/344.

81 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 4 11 1910Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/344.

82 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 26 03 1909Google Scholar, H.P., 15.

83 Goschen, to Grey, , 16 04 1909Google Scholar, B.D., vi, no. 174.

84 Minutes by Grey, Hardinge, Crowe and others, Ibid.

85 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 22 05 1909Google Scholar, H.P., 15.

86 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 28 05 1909Google Scholar, H.P., 15.

87 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 17 07 1909Google Scholar, H.P., 15.

88 Bethmann Hollweg, Memorandum, 13 Aug. 1909, G.P., xxviii, no. 10,325.

89 Goschen, to Grey, , 21 08 1909Google Scholar, B.D., vi, nos. 186–7.

90 Goschen, to Grey, and to Hardinge, , 15 10 1909Google Scholar, B.D., vi, nos. 200–1.

91 Goschen, to Grey, , 4 11 1909Google Scholar, B.D., vi, no. 204.

92 Goschen to Hardinge, 28 Aug. and ‘Xmas Eve’ 1909, and 28 Jan. 1910, H.P., 15, 20.

93 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 14 01 1910Google Scholar, H.P., 20.

94 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 4 03 1910Google Scholar, H.P., 20.

95 Goschen to Edward VII, 1 Dec. 1905, R.A., W. 47/345.

96 Goschen, to Hardinge, , 1 07 1910Google Scholar, H.P., 20.

97 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 25 11 1910Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/344.

98 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 17 12 1910Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/344.

99 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 18 11 1910Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/344.

100 Goschen, to Grey, , 16 08 1911Google Scholar, B.D., no. 476.

101 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 22 09 1911Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/350.

102 Grey, to Goschen, , 2 02 1912Google Scholar, B.D., vi, no. 494.

103 On this point see Langhorne, R. T. B., ‘Great Britain and Germany, 1911–1914’, in British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, ed. Hinsley, F. H. (Cambridge, 1977), p. 604, n. 19.Google Scholar

104 Haldane, R. B., Autobiography (1929), p. 240.Google Scholar

105 Cambon, Paul to Poincare, , 7 Feb. 1912Google Scholar, D.D.F., 3, i, no. 628.

106 Haldane, Diary, 8 Feb. 1912, B.D., vi, no. 506.

107 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 9 02 1912Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/353.

108 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 10 02 1912Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/353.

109 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 18 05 1912Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/355.

110 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 21 06 1912Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/357.

111 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 3 05 1912Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/355.

112 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 18 04 1913Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/365.

113 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 28 10 1910Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/346.

114 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 26 01 1912Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/353.

115 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 18 05 1912Google Scholar, N.P., 800/355.

116 For example, Goschen, to Hardinge, , 22 and 28 05 1909Google Scholar, H.P., 15; to Nicolson, , 17 11 1911Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/352.

117 Lee, , op. cit., ii, p. 612.Google Scholar

118 Davidson, to Nicolson, , 22 08 1912Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/358.

119 Wilhelm II to Bethmann Hollweg, 30 Sept. 1912. Professor John Röhl has kindly supplied me with the text of the surviving part of this telegram, the original of which is in the Deutsches Zentralarchiv, Merseburg, Rep. 53J, Lit. B No. 7. It is quoted in Professor Röhl's Zwei deutsche Fürsten zur Kriegsschuldfrage (Düsseldorf, 1971), p. 116Google Scholar. The words ‘darned ass’ are in English in the original. It would be interesting to know the source of the Kaiser's belief that Goschen's fellow-countrymen regarded him in this way. See entry for 7 Dec. 1911.

120 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 25 11 1912Google Scholar, N.P., F.O., 800/360.

121 Nicolson, to Goschen, , 26 11 1912Google Scholar (copy), N.P., F.O. 800/360.

122 Nicolson, to Goschen, , 27 11 1912Google Scholar (copy), N.P., F.O. 800/360.

123 Lichnowsky, to Hollweg, Bethmann, 3 12 1912Google Scholar, G.P., xxxix, no. 15612.

124 Röhl, J., ‘An der Schwelle zum Weltkrieg,’ Militargeschichtliche Mitteilungen, xxi (1977), p. 77.Google Scholar

125 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 5 01 1913Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/360.

126 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 1 02 1913Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/363.

127 Nicolson, to Goschen, , 11 02 1913Google Scholar (copy), N.P., F.O. 800/363.

128 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 11 02 1913Google Scholar (probably misdated), N.P., F.O. 800/363.

129 Granville, to Nicolson, , 4 12 1913Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/371.

130 Nicolson, to Goschen, , 8 12 1913Google Scholar (copy), N.P., F.O. 800/371.

131 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 12 12 1913Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/371.

132 Nicolson, to Goschen, , 19 01 1914Google Scholar (copy), N.P., F.O. 800/372.

133 Nicolson, to Goschen, , 5 05 1914Google Scholar (copy), N.P., F.O. 800/374.

134 Hobhouse, , Inside Asquith's Cabinet, ed. E. David (1977), p. 163.Google Scholar

135 Goschen to George V, undated, but evidently written in June 1914, R.A. G.V. P.586/3.

136 Rough Account, p. 1.

137 von Müller, G. A., Regierte der Kaiser?, ed. Görlitz, W. (Göttingen, 1959), p. 30.Google Scholar

138 von Tirpitz, A., Erinnerungen (Leipzig, 1919), p. 205.Google Scholar

139 Goschen, to Rumbold, , 11 07 1914Google Scholar, R.P.

140 Lord President of the Council.

141 Colonial Secretary.

142 Liberal peer and his wife.

143 On 21 July 1914. The conference had been summoned in the hope of finding a solution for the Irish problem.

144 Goschen, to Rumbold, , 22–23 07 1914Google Scholar R.P.

145 Cecil, L., Albert Ballin (Princeton, 1967), pp. 201–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

146 Goschen to Nicolson, begun 30 July, but not sent, B.D., xi, no. 677; cited hereafter as ‘no. 677’.

147 Goschen to Nicolson, undated, but evidently written on 1 Aug. 1914, N.P., F.O. 800/375.

148 Grey to resident clerk, 26 July 1914, B.D., xi, no. 139.

149 Foreign Office to Bertie, and also to Goschen, 26 July 1914, B.D., xi, no. 410.

150 Goschen, to Grey, , 27 07 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, no. 185.

151 Goschen, to Grey, , 28 07 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, no. 249.

152 D.A.B., ii, p. 251.Google Scholar

153 Goschen, to Grey, , 29 07 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, no. 293; no. 677; Bethmann Hollweg, version of draft prepared by Jagow, 29 July 1914, D.D.K., ii, no. 373.

154 Goschen, to Nicolson, , begun 30 07 1914Google Scholar, but not sent, B.D., xi, no. 677.

155 Lichnowsky to Imperial Foreign Office, 29 July 1914, D.D.K., ii, no. 368.

156 Goschen, to Grey, , 30 07 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, no. 305.

157 Lerchenfeld, to Hertling, , 30 07 1914Google Scholar, B.H.L., i, no. 111.

158 For a full account of this episode see Young, op. cit., p. 111.

159 Grey, to Goschen, , 31 07 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, no. 340.

160 Grey, to Goschen, , 31 07 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, no. 348.

161 Goschen, to Grey, , 31 07 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, nos. 383 and 385.

162 Rough Account, p. 20.

163 Goschen, to Grey, , 1 08 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, no. 404.

164 Berta de Bunsen, Vienna Diary, 4 Aug. 1914, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, li (1978), p. 223.Google Scholar

165 Goschen, to de Bunsen, , 16 12 (1913)Google Scholar; year not specified, but evident from contents, de B.P., IVb.

166 Cf. Berta de Bunsen, Diary, 8 Dec. 1914, de B.P., BB/III/a, quoted below.

167 Szögyény to Austro-Hungarian Foreign Ministry, 30 May 1914, Ö.U.A., viii, no. 9775.

168 Rough Account, p. 28.

169 Grey, to Goschen, , 4 08 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, no. 573.

170 Goschen to Imperial Foreign Office, 4 Aug. 1914, D.D.K., iv, no. 823.

171 Rough Account, p. 29.

172 de Manneville, H., ‘Les derniers jours de l'ambassade de M. Jules Cambon à Berlin’, Revue d'histoire diplomatique, xli (1935), p. 453.Google Scholar

173 Lerchenfeld, to Herding, , 5 08 1914Google Scholar, B.H.L., i, no. 118; Berliner Tageblatt, 5 08 1914.Google Scholar

174 Ibid.; in his Rough Account, p. 29, Rumbold certainly gives the impression that the interview with Jagow took place at the Reichstag Building.

175 No. 671.

176 Rumbold, , op. cit., p. 316.Google Scholar

177 No 671; Rough Account, p. 29.

178 Rough Account, p. 29.

179 Clerk, minute, 13 Aug. 1914, B.D., xi, no. 667.

180 Goschen, to Grey, , 4 08 1914Google Scholar, F.O. 371/2164; B.D., xi, no. 666.

181 Clerk, minute, 13 Aug. 1914, B.D., xi, no. 667.

182 Grey, to Goschen, , 4 08 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, no. 594.

183 Rough Account, p. 30.

184 Goschen to Imperial Foreign Office, 4 Aug. 1914, D.D.K., iv, no. 839.

185 No. 671.

186 Gerard, J. W., My Four Years in Germany (1917), p. 91.Google Scholar

187 No. 671.

188 For Bethmann Hollweg's linguistic ability see Jarausch, K. H., The Enigmatic Chancellor (New Haven, 1973), p. 110.Google Scholar

189 J. W. Headlam-Morley, Note, B.D., xi, no. 671, no. 4.

190 Rough Account, p. 30.

191 Rumbold, , op. cit., p. 322.Google Scholar

192 No. 671; Rough Account, p. 30.

193 Clerk, minute, 13 Aug. 1914; B.D., xi, no. 667.

194 Goschen, to Grey, , 4 08 1914Google Scholar, F.O. 371/2164; B.D., xi, no. 667.

195 Rough Account, p. 30.

196 Nicolson, , op. cit., p. 424.Google Scholar

197 See also Albertini, L., The Origins of the War of 1914 (Oxford, 1965), iii, p. 500.Google Scholar

198 No. 671.

199 Wolff, T., Der Krieg des Pontius Pilatus (Zürich, 1934), p. 371Google Scholar; the Extrablatt of 4 Aug. 1914 is reproduced in Wile, F., The Assault (1916), p. 134.Google Scholar

200 Gerard, , op. cit., p. 91.Google Scholar

201 Beyens, H., L'Allemagne avant la Guerre (Paris, 1915), p. 344.Google Scholar

202 Rough Account, p. 30.

203 Rattigan, , op. cit., p. 137.Google Scholar

204 No. 671.

205 Wolff, , op. cit., p. 373Google Scholar. On the question of the alleged provocation see Lerchenfeld to Hertling, 5 Aug. 1914, cited above.

206 Rattigan, , op. cit., p. 139Google Scholar. A similar story has appeared in more than one book, according to which Goschen was told by Jules Cambon that there were three people in Berlin who regretted that war had broken out—Goschen, Jules Cambon and the Kaiser. In a letter to Goschen, dated 4 Aug. 1914 and preserved in the diary, Cambon wrote: ‘J’ai vivement regretté de ne m'être pas trouvé à l'Ambassade quand vous y êtes venu. J'aurais voulu vous dire adieu après les années que nous avons passées ici ensemble, si unis et si associés dans une politique commune.’

207 R.A., King George V, Diary, 4 Aug. 1914.

208 No. 671; see also FitzRoy, , op. cit., ii, p. 561.Google Scholar

209 Admiralty to all H.M. ships and naval establishments, 4 Aug. 1914, Churchill, R. S., Winston S. Churchill, ii, Companion 3, p. 1999.Google Scholar

210 Roy, Fitz, op. cit., ii, p. 561.Google Scholar

211 No 671; Rough Account, pp. 32–4.

212 Rough Account, pp. 35–6.

213 D.A.B., ii, p. 277.Google Scholar

214 J. C. Grew, Diary 6 Aug. 1914, in Turbulent Era (1953), i, p. 139.Google Scholar

215 Rough Account, pp. 37–8.

216 Times, 8 08 1914.Google Scholar

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218 No. 671.

219 Rumbold to his wife, 1 Aug. 1914, Gilbert, , op. cit., p. 118.Google Scholar

220 Chirol, to Hardinge, , 11 08 1914, H.P., 71.Google Scholar

221 Clerk, minute, 13 Aug. 1914, B.D., xi, no. 667.

222 Goschen to Grey, two telegrams, 4 Aug. 1914, F.O. 371/2164.

223 Goschen to Grey, dated 6 Aug. 1914, F.O. 371/2164; printed, B.D., xi, no. 671, without indication of original date.

224 Date stamp, 19 Aug. 1914, F.O. 371/2164.

225 Cd. 7445, Accounts and Papers, 1914, ci, p. 95.Google Scholar

226 Text as in F.O. 371/2164. The text given in Cd. 7445 differs slightly from the original. However, so far as this passage is concerned, the differences are unimportant.

227 Times, Daily Mail, 28 08 1914Google Scholar, Punch, 2 09 1914, etc.Google Scholar

228 Abinger, to Maxse, , 1 09 1914, M.P.Google Scholar

229 Bethmann Hollweg, Aufzeichnung, 4 Oct. 1914, Auswärtige Amt, Bonn, Haupt-quartier, no. 2285, Eingangsstempel 13 Nov. 1914.

230 Hollweg, T. von Bethmann, Betrachtungen zum Weltkriege (Berlin, 1919), i, p. 180.Google Scholar

231 Bethmann Hollweg, Aufzeichnung.

232 Hollweg, Bethmann, op. cit., i, p. 181.Google Scholar

233 Ibid.

234 Bethmann Hollweg, Aufzeichnung.

235 Hollweg, Bethmann, op. cit., i, p. 181.Google Scholar

236 Bethmann Hollweg, Aufzeichnung.

237 Hollweg, Bethmann, op. cit., i, p. 181.Google Scholar

238 Grey, to Goschen, , 1 09 1914Google Scholar, B.D., xi, no. 675.

239 No. 671.

240 Rumbold, to Maxse, , 18 09 1914Google Scholar, M.P. 469.

241 Rumbold, to Maxse, , 27 09 1914Google Scholar, M.P. 469.

242 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 4 09 1914Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/375.

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244 Roy, Fitz, op. cit., ii, pp. 577 and 587.Google Scholar

245 Berta de Bunsen, Vienna Diary, 8 Dec. 1914, de B.P., BB/III/a.

246 Gerard, , op. cit., p. 115.Google Scholar

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248 Roy, Fitz, op. cit., ii, p. 587.Google Scholar

249 Information kindly supplied by Elizabeth, Countess of Abingdon, daughter of the late Major-General Edward Montagu-Stuart-Wortley.

250 Goschen, to Grande, Julian, 9 06 1916Google Scholar, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 17 06 1916Google Scholar; Times, 23 06 1916Google Scholar; Goschen, E., The One Condition of Peace (1916).Google Scholar

251 FitzRoy, , op. cit., ii, pp. 645–7.Google Scholar

252 Outlook, 23 12 1922.Google Scholar

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255 Times, 21 05 1924.Google Scholar

256 Steed, , op. cit., ii, p. 29.Google Scholar

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258 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 10 11 1912Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/360.

259 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 25 11 1910Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/344.

260 Goschen to Nicolson, undated, N.P., F.O. 800/363; evidently written in reply to Nicolson's letter of 26 Nov. 1912, of which there is a copy in N.P., F.O. 800/360.

261 Goschen, to Nicolson, , 23 05 1914Google Scholar, N.P., F.O. 800/374.

262 Goschen to Nicolson, undated, N.P., F.O. 800/363.

263 Cartwright to Nicolson, 31 Jan. and 23 May 1913, N.P., F.O. 800/363 and 367, quoted Nicolson, op. cit., p. 390.

264 Times, 22 05 1924Google Scholar, quoting German press comment.

265 Rumbold, to Maxse, , 27 09 1914Google Scholar, M.P., 469.

266 Goschen to ‘Tommy’, 25 Jan. 1923 (copy), Go. P.; Times, 2 12 1926.Google Scholar

267 Nicolson, to Goschen, , 19 01 1914Google Scholar (copy), N.P., F.O. 800/372.

268 No. 677.

269 A point made by Steiner, Z. S., The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1898–1914 (Cambridge, 1969), p. 183.Google Scholar