Article contents
A Century of the McNaghten Rules
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 January 2009
Extract
The subject falls conveniently into two parts, (I) comment made during the century since McNaghten's Case in 1843 on the answers given by the judges to the questions put to them by the House of Lords, and (II) discussion of the defence of irresistible impulse. For the convenience of readers the Questions and Answers are reprinted from the tenth volume of Clark and Finnelly's Keports, 200, 209–212.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge Law Journal and Contributors 1944
References
1 See any of 10 Cl. & F. at p. 205; 4 St. Tr. (N. S.) at p. 296; 31 Arch. 14; 1923, Cmd. 2005, at p. 23; East, Forensic Psychiatry, 55; Kenny, Select Cases, 44; Stephen, II History of Criminal Law, 155.
2 State v. Jones (1871) 50 N. H. 369.Google Scholar
3 4 St. Tr. (N. S.) at p. 925.
4 Hadfield (1800) 27 St. Tr. at pp. 1313—1314Google Scholar; 67 Hansard, 719.
5 Bellingham (1812) 1 Collinson on Lunatics, 636.Google Scholar
6 E.g., Indian Penal Code, s. 84. In nearly all the United States of America: Weihofen, Insanity as a Defence in Criminal Law, 46.
7 Sodeman (1936) 55 Comm. L. R. 230; W. N. 190Google Scholar; 2 All E. R. 1138. The State of Alabama established this Eule by cases, and changed it by the 1928 Code, ‘to the reasonable satisfaction of the jury.’
8 Phipson, , Evidence, 10.Google Scholar
9 Phipson, , 34.Google Scholar
10 Hadfield (1800) 27 St. Tr. at p. 1354.Google Scholar
11 Hewart, , Essays and Observations, 213Google Scholar; 5 Journal of Criminal Law, at p. 267.
12 Oxford (1840) 9 C. & P. at p. 533.Google Scholar
13 Stokes (1848) 3 Car. & Kir. 185.Google Scholar
14 A.-G. v. Boylan [1937] I. R. at p. 456Google Scholar; and A.-G. v. Fennell [1940] I. R. at p. 449.Google Scholar
15 Phipson, , 34Google Scholar; and cites Bigham J. in Jefferson (1908) Times, 20 July.Google Scholar
16 Godere (1016) 12 C. A. R. at p. 27.Google Scholar
17 E.g., Schwartz v. State (1902) 65 Nebraska, 196 (S.C.).Google Scholar
18 Lockhart (1939) Telegraph, 20 Nov.Google Scholar
19 Stephen, , II Hist. 149Google Scholar; and Digest of the Criminal Law, s. 38 (b), and note 6.
20 1 Taylor, Medical Jurisprudence, 807.
21 Codere (1916) 12 C. A. R. at pp. 27—28.Google Scholar
22 Proprietary Articles Trade Association v. A.-G. for Canada [1931] A. C. at p. 324.Google Scholar
23 See also IV Criminal Law Journal, at p. 87.Google Scholar
24 People v. Schmidt (1915) 216 N. Y. 324.Google Scholar
25 XCI Review of Amer. J. Psych. 137.
26 Indian Penal Code, s. 84. See also for Scotland, H.M. Advocate v. Sharp [1927] S. C. (J.) 66.Google Scholar
27 1 Taylor, 815.
28 Stephen, II Hist. 162. Also 2 Journ. Crim. Law, 539.
29 Hewart, , Essays, 224.Google Scholar
30 East, Medical Aspects of Crime, Cap. VII, for a careful description, with charts.
31 East, , Forensic Psych. 58Google Scholar; 1 Taylor, 815.
32 British Medical Journal, 1924, 16 Feb.Google Scholar
33 Waring v. Waring (1848) 6 Moo. P. C. 341.Google Scholar
34 Gilbert (1914) 11 C. A. R. at p. 25.Google Scholar
35 Wright (1821) R. & R. 456.Google Scholar
36 Francis (1842) 4 Cox, 57.Google Scholar
37 4 St. Tr. (N. S.) at p. 923.
38 Stephen, , II Hist. 183.Google Scholar
39 Mason (1912) 76 J. P. 184.Google Scholar
40 Aveson v. Kinnaird (1805) 6 East, 188.Google Scholar
41 1923, Cmd. 2005, at p. 10.
42 Mass. Acts, 1929, Cap. 105.
43 State v. Strasburg (1910) 60 Wash. 106.Google Scholar
44 See Arridy v. People (1938) 82 Pac. (2nd) 757Google Scholar; where, in spite of the experts' opinion, popular opinion was too strong, and accused was convicted and executed.
45 See Hay (1911) 22 Cox, 268.Google Scholar
46 See Jefferson (1908) 1 C. A. R. 95.Google Scholar
47 J. W. and Tibbie, Anne, Clare, John, 385, 393, 397, 417.Google Scholar
48 1 Taylor, 759, 811.
49 G. Bernard Shaw.
50 Brazol, , Elements of Crime, 302.Google Scholar
51 Kindred, , 1934, Amer. Jour. Psych. 137.Google Scholar
52 For a good example, see 1923, Cmd. at pp. 31 and 4.
53 1923, Cmd. 2005, at pp. 9 and 21.
54 Sullivan, , Crime and Insanity, 122.Google Scholar
55 10 Cl. & F. 201; 4 St. Tr. (N. S.) 923.
56 10 Cl. & F. 202. The case of True in 1922 brought about the appointment of Lord Birkenhead's Committee of that year.
57 Stephen, , II Hist. 154Google Scholar; Sullivan, , 230.Google Scholar
58 E.g., in 1865, 1874, 1879, 1922.
59 E.g., Bramwell B., Insanity and Crime, Nineteenth Century, Deo. 1885; Hewart, , Essays and Observations, 215.Google Scholar
60 E.g., 1923, Cmd. 2005, p. 21.
61 True (1922) 16 C. A. R. at p. 170.Google Scholar
62 Notably, Bramwell B., and Hewart L.C.J.
63 Stephen, , II Hist. 152Google Scholar; 1 Taylor, 801; Theobald, , Law Relating to Lunacy, 244.Google Scholar
64 See discussion, post.
65 Sullivan, , Crime and Insanity, 231.Google Scholar
66 Felstead [1914] A. C. 534; 10 C. A. R. 129.Google Scholar
67 Weihofen, , 46.Google Scholar
68 Marjoribanks, , Life of Sir Edward Marshall Hall, 390.Google Scholar
69 ProfJefferson, , Lecture, ‘Manchester Guardian,’ 20 01 1944.Google Scholar
70 Dr. Bay. Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity.
71 A.-G. v. O'Brien [1936] I. R. at p. 269.Google Scholar
72 See references to it, post.
73 1923, Cmd. 2005.
74 XVII Parl. Debates (5th Series); Hewart, , Essays and Observations, 225; also Cap. XXIX.Google Scholar
75 Like Baron Bramwell, Lord Hewart appears to have been a firm believer in tlio efficacy of the threat of punishment.
76 Armstrong (1922) 16 C. A. R. at p. 160Google Scholar. See also on juries, Morris, , Criminology, 283.Google Scholar
77 1 Taylor, 812; Gour, , Indian Penal Code, 321.Google Scholar
78 Maule J. in Tucker (1844) 1 Cox, 103Google Scholar; Cox J. in U. S. v. Guiteau (1882) 10 Fed. 161.Google Scholar
79 DrMonro, , 4 St. Tr. (N. S.) 847.Google Scholar
80 Christie, , 10 Medico-Legal and Criminological Review, 13.Google Scholar
81 East, , Forensic Psych. 83Google Scholar; Perry (1919) 14 C. A. R. 48.Google Scholar
82 1 Taylor, 814.
83 1 Taylor, 828.
84 4 Criminal Law Jour. 82.
85 1 Taylor, 815—819.
86 1 Taylor, 843.
87 De Quiros, , Modern Theories of Criminality, 8, 49Google Scholar; Burton (1863) 3 F. & F. 772.Google Scholar
88 Darling J. in Harding (1908) 1 C. A. R. at p. 223Google Scholar; State v. Soper (1899), 148 Mo. at p. 237.Google Scholar
89 1 Taylor, 762; Vaughan (1844) 1 Cox, 80.Google Scholar
90 Alexander (1913) 9 C. A. R. at p. 141Google Scholar; Lesbini (1914) 11 C. A. R. 7.Google Scholar
91 East, , Forensic Psych. 21—22.Google Scholar
92 U. S. v. Guiteau (1882) 10 Fed. 161.Google Scholar
93 Southey (1865) 4 F. & F. 864.Google Scholar
94 Stroud, , Mens Bea, 195—209.Google Scholar
95 1923, Cmd. 2005, at p. 9.
96 Davies, D. Seaborne, 17 Can. Bar Review, 147.Google Scholar
97 Stokes (1848) 3 C. & K. 185.Google Scholar
98 Barton (1848) 3 Cox, 275.Google Scholar
99 Brough (1856) 1 F. & F, 667 n.Google Scholar
100 Haynes (1859) 1 F. & F. 666.Google Scholar
101 Burton (1863) 3 F. & F. 772.Google Scholar
102 Thomas (1911) 7 C. A. R. 36.Google Scholar
103 Pank (1919) Times, 22 May.Google Scholar
104 Holt (1920) 15 C. A. R. 10.Google Scholar
105 Quarmby (1921) 15 C. A. R. 163.Google Scholar
106 True (1922) 16 C. A. R. at p. 170.Google Scholar
107 Kopsch (1925) 19 C. A. R. at p. 51.Google Scholar
108 Flavell (1926) 19 C. A. R. at p. 143.Google Scholar
109 Weihofen, , 32.Google Scholar
110 Rhode Island.
111 New Hampshire.
112 Creighton (1909) 14 Can. Crim. C. 349.Google Scholar
113 Jessamime (1912) 32 C. L. T. 280.Google Scholar
114 Deighton (1900) 18 N. Z. L. R. 891.Google Scholar
115 A.-G. v. O'Brien [1936] I. R. 263.Google Scholar
116 Sodeman [1936] 2 All E. R. 1138Google Scholar; W. N. 190. Por a full discussion, see Barry, , Insanity in the Criminal Law of Australia; Can. Bar. Review, 427Google Scholar; or English Studies in Criminal Science Pamphlet, 8—12.Google Scholar
117 Stephen, , II Hist. Cap. XIX.Google Scholar
118 Stephen, , II Hist. 149Google Scholar; Digest, Stephen, Art. 38.Google Scholar
119 Sullivan, , Crime and Insanity, 229Google Scholar; East, , Forensic Psych. 61Google Scholar; Noyer, , Text-book on Psychiatry, 58Google Scholar; Mercier, , Crime and Insanity. 240Google Scholar; 1 Taylor, 815.
120 Sullivan, , Crime and Insanity, 231.Google Scholar
121 Lees-Smith (1943) Daily Telegraph, 17 and 18 March.Google Scholar
122 27 St. Tr. 1281.
123 67 Hansard, 719—20.
124 Oxford (1840) 9 C. & P. at p. 546.Google Scholar
125 Jorden (1872) 1 Taylor, 881.Google Scholar
126 Gill (1883) Oppenheimer, Criminal Responsibility.Google Scholar
127 Duncan (1890) Renton, Law and Practice of Lunacy, 908.Google Scholar
128 Prince (1898) 1 Taylor, 881.Google Scholar
129 Jones (1910) 4 C. A. R. at pp. 217—218.Google Scholar
130 Hay (1911) 22 Cox, 268.Google Scholar
131 Jolly (1919) 83 J. P. 296.Google Scholar
132 True (1922) Daily Telegraph, 6 MayGoogle Scholar; Notable British Trials, The Trial of Ronald True, 255Google Scholar; 16 C. A. R. at p. 165.
133 Burton (1936) 100 J. P. 306.Google Scholar
134 Lees-Smith (1943) Daily Telegraph, 17 and 18 March.Google Scholar
135 Conybeare, , Text-book of Medicine, 307Google Scholar. See also Hyslop, , The Borderland, 28.Google Scholar
136 State v. Thompson (1834) Wright's Ohio Reps, at p. 622.Google Scholar
137 Clark v. State (1843) 12 Ohio, at p. 495.Google Scholar
138 Comm. v. Rogers (1844) 7 Metc. (Mass.) 500.Google Scholar
139 Bradley v. State (1869) 31 Ind. 492.Google Scholar
140 Parsons v. State (1886) 31 Ala. 577.Google Scholar
141 Weihofen, , 15.Google Scholar
142 1923, Cmd. 2005, p. 9.
143 Hay (1899) 16 Cape of Good Hope (S. C.) 290.Google Scholar
144 Smit (1906) T. S. 783.Google Scholar
145 1923, Cmd, 2005, p. 9: 24.
146 See reference 116, above.
147 They have not been brought up in the belief of Baron Bramwell in the effectiveness of punishment.
148 Stephen, , II Hist, 155.Google Scholar
149 1 Taylor, 801; Sullivan, , 231Google Scholar; 1 Wharton, and Stillé, , Medical Jurisprudence, 555.Google Scholar
150 Notably Bramwell B. and Hewart L.C.J.
151 Bellingham (1812) 1 Collinson on Lunatics, 636Google Scholar. See also Ray, , Treatise on Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity.Google Scholar
152 E.g. Bowler (1812) East, Forensic Psychiatry, 51Google Scholar; 1 Taylor, 804.
153 Jefferson (1908) 1 C. A. R. 95.Google Scholar
154 1 Taylor, 821.
155 gee notes 133 and 134.
156 Parsons v. State (1886) 81 Ala. 577.Google Scholar
157 Sodeman (1936) 55 Comm. L. R. 192.Google Scholar
- 4
- Cited by