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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 January 2009
Now people in the street,’ said a learned judge in a modern case, ‘before they begin to think about it, is a very easy thing to say what amounts to an “attempt,” but when you come to analyse it, it becomes a little difficult.’
The text-books tell us a that at Common Law every attempt to commit any indictable crime, whether that ulterior crime be a felony or a misdemeanour, is itself a misdemeanour. Professor Sayre, of Harvard, in an article in the Harvard Law Review, has traced the growth of this rule which, he thinks, did not take its modern comprehensive form until a judgment of Lord Mansfield in 1784 in R. v. Scofield. Until that date there seems to have been no recognition of the doctrine that an attempt to commit any crime at all was itself a crime.
1 R. v. Otborn (1919) 84 J. P. p. 63, per Rowlatt J.Google Scholar
2 E.g. Kenny, , Outlines of Criminal Law (14th ed.), p. 84.Google Scholar
3 Vol. 41, p. 821.
4 Loc. cit. at p. 834.
5 (1784) Cald. 397.
6 Per Lord Mansfield at p. 402.
7 Loc. cit. p. 826.
8 (1801) 2 East 5.
9 G. iii, 198.
10 Inst. 4.1.8.; C. 6.2.20.
11 Per Lawrence J. at p. 21.
12 Ibid.
13 Per Le Blanc J. at p. 23.
14 Cf. the American case People v. Jaffe, 185 N. Y. 497; 41 Harvard L. R. 863.
15 Note 10, ante.
16 R. v. Roberts, Deare. 539 at p. 550.
17 R. v. Brown, 63 J. P. 790.
18 Op. Cit. p. 82.
19 (7th ed.), art. 67.
20 41 Harvard L. B. p. 846.
21 R. v. Osborn (1919) 84 J. P. 63, per Kowlatt J.Google Scholar
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24 Archbold, Criminal Procedure, Evidence and Practice (28th ed.), p. 1442
25 Russell on Crimes (8th ed.), p. 145.
26 E.g. R. v. Linneker (1906) C. C. R.; 75 L. J. K. B. 385; [1906] 2 K B. 99.Google Scholar
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28 Draft Criminal Code, art. 74.
29 (1859) 1 F. & F. 511.
30 At p. 512.
31 (1913) 23 Cox 457, C. C. A.
32 See C. L. J. 1933, vol. v, 1, p. 62.
33 Kenny, , op. cit. p. 41.Google Scholar
34 See also Larceny Act, 1916, s. 43.
35 R. v. Taylor (1859) 1 F. & F. 511.Google Scholar
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37 See C. L. J. 1938, vol. v, 1, pp. 63—66.
38 11 Cr. App: K. 124; [1915] 2 K. B. 342; ante, p. 233.
39 (1855) 24 L. J. M. C. 158; Dears. 515; ante, p. 233.
40 E.g. R. v. White [1910] 2 K. B. 124.Google Scholar
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42 (1915) 11 Cr. App. R. 124.
43 Jurisprudence (6th ed.), p. 346.
44 (1915) 11 Cr. App. R. 134.
45 Op. cit. p. 38.
46 Baron Bramwell asked this very question of counsel in R. v. Collins (1864) 9 Cox at p. 498.
47 R. v. Higgins (1801) 2 East 5, per Lawrence J. at p. 21.
48 R. v. Duckworth [1892] 2 Q. B. per Lord Coleridge C.J. at p. 87.
49 R. v. Cheeseman (1862) 31 L. J. M. C. at p. 90, per Blackburn J.Google Scholar
50 R. v. Laitwood (1910) 4 Cr. App. R. 248, per Pickford J. at p. 252.Google Scholar
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52 (1855) Dears. 539.
53 At p. 551.
54 R. v. Higgins (1801) 2 East at p. 20Google Scholar, per Grose J.; R. v. Meredith (1838) 8 C. & P. 589.Google Scholar
55 (1870) C. C. R.; 11 Cox 570.
56 (1915) 11 Cr. App. R. 111.
57 R. v. Waite [1892] 2 Q. B. 600.Google Scholar
58 See dicta in R. v. Williams [1893] 1 Q. B. 320.Google Scholar
59 See, for example, 41 Harvard L. R. pp. 848—850.
60 R. v. Osborn (1919) 84 J. P. 63, per Rowlatt J.Google Scholar
61 (1867) 1 D. & B. 197; 7 Cox 281.
62 (1864) 33 L. J. M. C. 177; 9 Cox 497.
63 E.g. Kenny, , op. cit. p. 83;Google ScholarArchbold, , op. cit. p. 1443.Google Scholar
64 (1889) C. C. R.; 59 L. J. M. C. 47; 24 Q. B. D. 357; 16 Cox 715.
65 (1892) C. C. R.; 61 L. J. M. C. 116; 17 Cox 491.
66 E.g. Pritchard'e Quarter Sessions Practice (2nd ed.), p. 900, Appendix D.
67 E.g. Kenny, , op. cit. (10th ed.), p. 82Google Scholar, Note A; Stephen, , op. cit. p. 53, Illustration (11).Google Scholar
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69 1 D. & B. per Cockburn C.J. at p. 203.
70 7 Cox, per Coleridge J. at p. 284.
71 Cox at p. 284.
72 7 Cox at p. 284.
73 1 D. & B. at p. 201.
74 7 Cox at pp. 284-5, per Willes J.
75 (1864) 33 L. J. M. C. 177; 9 Cox 497.
76 33 L. J. M. C. at p. 178, per cockburn C.J.
77 (1889) 59 L. J. M. C. 47.
78 See 16 Cox at p. 717.
79 24 Q. B. D. per Lord Coleridge C.J. at p. 359.
80 (1892) 61 L. J. M. C. 116; 17 Cox 491.
81 (1899) 63 J. P. 790, per Darling J.
82 (1919) 84 J. P. 63, per Rowlatt J.
83 R. v. Hensler (1870) 11 Cox 570; R. v. Light (1915) 11 Cr. App. R. 111.
84 R. v. White (1910) 2 K. B. 124.Google Scholar
85 Note 80,ante.
86 (1919) 84 J. P. per Rowlatt J. at pp. 63, 64.
87 (1902) 170 Mo. 633; 71 S. W. 175; 41 Harvard L. R. p. 851.