This essay examines the movement of Arab national and cultural revival known as nahdah (meaning renaissance or awakening) as a speech act and a performance involving a nuhūd (rising) and an uncertain practice of civilization (tamaddun) that seek to bring about a culture of knowledge. Contesting its treatment as a homogeneous project of modernity that rose and fell and as a historical period with clear epistemic breaks, it argues that nahdah civilizational practices could not be reduced to notions of civilization associated with Orientalism as system of othering and cultural superiority. This approach frees up nahdah texts from the dominant narrative of rise and decline, and from their intertextual and ideological dependency on European modernity as a model to be borrowed or resisted.
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4 The examples are too many to list, but I mention here the works of Khaled Fahmy, Yoav Di-Capua, Marwa Elshakry, Samah Selim, Orit Bashkin, Lital Levy, Kamran Rastegar, Thomas Bauer, Muhsin al-Musawi, Omnia El Shakry, Marilyn Booth, Ziad Fahmy, Ussama Makdisi, Jacob Wilson, Shaden Tageldine, Michael Allen, Elizabeth Holt, Jeffrey Saks, Ghenwa Hayek, and others.
5 al-Musawi, Muhsin, “The Republic of Letters: Arab Modernity?” Part I, The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 1.1 (2014): 265–280 CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 275.
6 El-Ariss, Tarek, Trials of Arab Modernity: Literary Affects and the New Political (New York: Fordham University Press, 2013)Google Scholar.
7 al-Bustani, Butrus, “Lecture on the Culture of the Arabs (1858),” The Arab Renaissance: A Bilingual Anthology of Nahdah Literature and Culture (1707–1937), ed. Tarek El-Ariss, trans. Stephen Sheehi (New York: Modern Language Association Book Series, Texts and Translations, 2016)Google Scholar.
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10 See selections from Baydas, Khalil, “Stages of the Mind (1924),” The Arab Renaissance: A Bilingual Anthology of Nahda Literature and Culture (1707–1937), ed. Tarek El-Ariss, trans. Spencer Scoville and Farah Antun (New York: Modern Language Association Book Series, Texts and Translations, 2016)Google Scholar. “The New Jerusalem,” The Arab Renaissance, trans. Ghenwa Hayek.