IV. Pacta Sunt Servanda or International Guarantee

E. Satow

doi:10.1017/S1474691300001086

IV. Pacta Sunt Servanda or International Guarantee

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 December 2011

E. Satow

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At an early period it was seen to be necessary that the observation of treaties should be ensured by the adoption of various sanctions besides the signatures of the high contracting parties.

A probably complete list of the expedients employed for the confirmation and execution of treaties up to, say, the end of the sixteenth century would include the following:

An oath taken by the high contracting parties, as well as by their plenipotentiaries and other persons of importance.

Type: Research Article
Information: Cambridge Historical Journal , Volume 1 , Issue 3 , 1925 , pp. 295 - 318

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474691300001086 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1925

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^{page 296 note 1} Dumont, iv. pt. 11. 252. Rymer, xiv. 768.

^{page 297 note 1} I.e. by oath, see No. 76.

^{page 297 note 2} Dumont, vi. pt, 1. 161, Mar. 5, 1638.

^{page 298 note 1} Cf. the next section.

^{page 298 note 2} Dumont, v. pt. II. 642. Rymer, xvi. 738.

^{page 298 note 3} Négociations du Président Jeannin, Paris, 1819, III. 442.Google Scholar

^{page 300 note 1} Rymer, vii. pt. 11. 160.

^{page 300 note 2} Die Urkunden der Friedensschlüsse zu Osnabrück und Münster…Zürich, 1848, p. 187.

^{page 304 note 1} Rymer, xvi. 151. Dumont, v. pt. I. 489 (69).

^{page 304 note 2} My italics.

^{page 304 note 3} Dumont, iv. pt. 1. 476.

^{page 304 note 4} Dumont, iv. pt. 1. 472.

^{page 305 note 1} By art. XLIII of the Treaty of Berlin the High Contracting Parties recognize the independence of Rumania.

^{page 305 note 2} By art. xxxiv of the Treaty of Berlin the independence of Serbia was recognized by the High Contracting Parties.

^{page 309 note 1} Condensed from the reports in Hansard, Parl. Debates, 3rd Series, vol. 187.

^{page 309 note 2} Hansard, vol. 188.

^{page 309 note 3} Ibid. p. 150.

^{page 309 note 4} The statement that the guarantee given with regard to the independence and neutrality of Belgium was joint and several is incorrect. The true wording is “sous la garantie de leurs dites Majestés” (vide above p. 306).

^{page 311 note 1} Correspondence, No. 18, p. 9.

^{page 312 note 1} Query; for the wording of the protocol of December 20, 1831 is: “Les cinq puissances lui garantissent (à la Belgique) cette neutralité perpétuelle, ainsi que l'intégrité et l'inviolabilité de son territoire dans les limites mentionnées ci-dessus.” There is nothing here which suggests the “severally and individually.”

^{page 312 note 2} There is no hint of “separately” in art. I of the treaty of 1839, which merely says: “les articles ci-annexés…se trouvent…placés sous la garantie de leurs dites Majestés.”

^{page 313 note 1} Not so; these words are not in the treaty; it is a collective guarantee.

^{page 314 note 1} Coll. Dipl. Documents, 1915 [Cd. 7860], p. 105.

^{page 314 note 2} Vol. LX of the British and Foreign State Papers.

^{page 316 note 1} Breslau, 1911.

^{page 317 note 1} Cd. 7860, pp. 312, 323.

^{page 317 note 2} 2nd ed. ii. 63.

^{page 318 note 1} Cd. 7860, p. 87.

^{page 318 note 2} Ibid. p. 92.

^{page 318 note 3} Ibid. p. 107.

^{page 318 note 4} Ibid. p. 109.

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IV. Pacta Sunt Servanda or International Guarantee

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