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II. The King and the Catalans, 1621–1640

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 December 2011

J. H. Elliott
J. H. Elliott
Affiliation:
Fellow of Trinity College
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Extract

One of the arguments reported by Clarendon against the imposition of the English liturgy on the Scots ran as follows: ‘The kingdom of Scotland generally had long been jealous, that, by the king's continued absence from them, they should by degrees be reduced to be but as a province of England, and subject to their laws and government, which they could never submit to….’ Behind those words ‘the king's continued absence’ there lies concealed a series of ideas and assumptions which were so obvious in the seventeenth century that there was no need to elaborate or dwell upon them. For this very reason, it is possible that they have been overlooked in later periods, when conceptions of government and society had greatly altered. Yet phrases like ‘the king's presence’ had such vivid connotations in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that to neglect them is to neglect important clues to the understanding of the social and political conduct of the men of the time.

Type
Research Article
Information
Cambridge Historical Journal , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , 1955 , pp. 253 - 271
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1955

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References

1 [The] History [of the Rebellion] (ed. 1826), 1, p. 149.

2 [Matfes de] Novoa [‘Historia del Reinado de Felipe IV]] C[olección de] D[ocumentos] I[néditos para la Historia de España], lxix, p. 106.

3 [Francisco de] Gilabert, Discursos sobre la calidad del Principado de Cataluña (Lérida 1616), Discurso 1, p. 18.

4 A[rchivo] H[istórico de] B[arcelona], C[artas] C[omunas] O[riginales] 1620–1622, f. 40. Representatives of Barcelona to Consellers, 15 May 1621.

5 A[rchivo de la] C[orona de] A[ragón, Barcelona], C[onsejo de] A[ragón] leg[ajo] 272 no. 25, Consulta, 16 Aug. 1622.

6 For general histories of Catalonia written at this time, cf., for example, Balaguer, V., Historia de Cataluña… (5 vols. Barcelona, 1860–3)Google Scholar; de Bofarull, A., Historia critica, civil y eclesiàstica de Cataluña (9 vols. Barcelona, 1876–8)Google Scholar; Aulestia, A., Història de Catalunya (1887–9, 2 vols., ed. Barcelona, , 1922)Google Scholar. Studies devoted to the 1640 revolution and revolutionaries include Pella, J., Un Catalá Illustre (Gerona, 1876)Google Scholar; Coroleu, J., Claris y son Temps (Barcelona, 1880)Google Scholar; and Bové, S., Lo Canonge Pau Claris (Barcelona, 1894)Google Scholar. In the same tradition but written rather later are the works of Rovira, A. i Virgili, Pau Claris (Barcelona, 1922)Google Scholar and El Corpus de Sang. Estudi Historic (Barcelona, 1932) and of de Sagarra, F., Les Lliçons de la Història. Catalunya en 1640 (Barcelona, 1932)Google Scholar.

7 I have attempted to give a rather different account of the origins of the Catalan Revolution and of the policy of Olivares in ‘The Catalan Revolution of 1640: some suggestions for a historical revision’, in Estudios de Historia Moderna (Barcelona, 1954), iv.

8 de Sagarra, F., La Unitat Catalana en 1640 (Barcelona, 1932), p. 5Google Scholar.

9 Coroleu, op. cit. p. 68.

10 Sagarra, op. cit., ibid.

11 Cf. especially, for the Catalan crisis of the fifteenth century, Vives, J. Vicens, Juan II de Aragón (Barcelona, 1953), Part IIIGoogle Scholar.

12 A recent writer believes that Catalonia may have been the first country in which the word ‘nation’ was used ‘in the modern sense of a separate political body, and not simply to describe a group enjoying common ethnographical origins’. de Tejada, Francisco Elias, Las Doctrinas politicas en la Cataluña Medieval (Barcelona, 1950), p. 21Google Scholar.

13 (Juan de) Solórzano (Pereira), , ‘Memorial de las razones… para que el real…. Consejo de las Indias deba preceder…al que llaman de Flandes’ (1629), in Obras Póstumas (ed. 1776), pp. 188–9Google Scholar.

14 Solórzano, Politica Indiana (1647), Book iii, c. xix, § 37.

15 Don Joan de Marimón wrote to his father on 14 October 1639 that ‘in spite of the calumnies heaped upon our nació’ the Catalan troops were fighting like veterans ‘for their king and the defence of their patria’. A.C.A. Gen. Caja 22.

16 B[ritish] M[useum], Add[itional] MS. 13, 997, ff. 17–19; Anon. Discurso de quart poco util sea, en la forma que se pretende, la unión de las coronas de Castillo y Aragón (1626).

17 Marañon, G., El Conde-Duque de Olivares (3rd ed. Madrid, 1952)Google Scholar, Appendix xviii, ‘Instructión que dió el Conde-Duque a Felipe IV…’, p. 443. The words which Dr Marañón prints as ‘estos menos vasallos’ should read ‘estos mismos vasallos’.

18 A.H.B. C.C.O. 1620–22, f. 182, Aytona to City of Barcelona, 16 Dec. 1622.

19 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 260, no. 17, Petition of Llufe de Corbera, 1626.

20 B.M. Add. MS. 13,997, Discurso, ibid. f. 18.

21 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 368, Draft consulta of Council of Aragon, 12 Nov. 1621.

22 Gilabert, op.cit., Discurso ii, p. 8.

23 Biblioteca Central (Barcelona), Folleto Bonsom no. 15, Discurso y memorial hecho por Fr. Francisco de Copons… (Barcelona, 1622), f. 14.

24 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 260 no. 50, ‘Apuntamientos que estàn tomados por mi oficina en favor de los que se siguen’, 26 April 1626.

25 Sim[ancas], G[uerra] A[ntigua] leg. 1330, Junta de Cortes, 11 Sept. 1626, c. 90.

26 Biblioteca Nacional (Madrid) MS. 2358, ‘Respuesta a un papel del Duque de Alcalá…’ (1626), f. 308.

27 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 380, Commentary on proceedings of Tarragona Council of 1630.

28 Gams, P. Pius Bonifacius, Series Episcoporum (2nd ed. Leipzig, 1931)Google Scholar.

29 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 371, Viceroy to King, 20 Jan. 1624.

30 Sim. Consejo de Hacienda, leg. 440–618, List of members of the three Orders.

31 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 277 no. 14, Consulta, 8 March 1630.

32 Sim. G.A. leg. 1330. Junta de Cortes, ibid. c. 5.

33 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 500, Petition of Semmanat, 1626.

34 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 503, Petition of Babau, 1632.

35 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 281. no 21, Consulta, ii Feb. 1637.

36 A.C.A. Gen[eralitat] Caja 25, bishop of Barcelona de Santa Coloma, 3 Dec 1639.

37 A.H.B. C.C.O. 1620–1622, f. 167, Doms to Consellers, 13 Nov. 1622.

38 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 378, Alburquerque to King, 3 Feb. 1618.

39 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 272, bishop of Barcelona to King, 24 Jan. 1623.

40 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 370, Petitition of Guimará;, Dec. 1624.

41 Ibid., undated consulta.

42 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 224 no. 13, Fontanet to Cardenal Infante, 30 Jan. 1633.

43 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 274 no. 61, Consulta, 28 July 1627.

44 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 274, no. 83, Duque de Medina de las Torres to Conde de Chinchón, 29 Nov. 1626.

45 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 380, Duque de Feria to King, 14 Feb. 1630.

46 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 369, Viceroy to King, 26 Aug. 1623.

47 A.C.A. Gen. Caja 4, Margarit to Santa Coloma, 19 March 1638.

48 A.C.A. C.A. leg. 275, no. 19, bishop of Solsona to King, 12 Feb. 1628.

49 A.C.A. Gen. Caja 21, Santa Coloma to Canciller, 7 Sept. 1639.

50 History, 1, p. 220.

51 Sim. G.A. leg. 1328, Santa Coloma to King, 19 May 1640.

52 A.C.A. Gen. Caja 22, Canciller to Santa Coloma, 6 Oct. 1639.

53 A.C.A. Gen. Caja 2, Dr Coll to Santa Coloma, 17 Nov. 1637.

54 A.C.A. Gen. Caja 28, Ramon Joan Cau to Santa Coloma, 7 Feb. 1640.

55 Novoa, C.D.I., lxxx, p. 374.

56 Public Record Office, State Papers (Spain), 94.42. f. 199. Hopton to Vane, 31 July/10 Aug. 1641.