The Triadic Causeways of Ichmul: Virtual Highways Becoming Actual Roads

Abstract

Cosmological models are common in Mayanist settlement studies. In such models, causeways are often said to follow various cosmological principles that are more or less the same from the Middle Formative to the present time. The models have been created by merging disparate data from ethnography, ethnohistory, iconography, epigraphy and archaeology into a single form where all the parts are determined by a common principle. The Terminal Classic triadic causeways at Ichmul, Yucatan, Mexico, could potentially be interpreted with such cosmological models. The evidence, however, does not fit these models. It is proposed, instead, with reference to the philosophers Henri Bergson, Gilles Deleuze and Manuel DeLanda, that settlement studies should focus only on what is present at the site without reliance on transcendent concepts such as culture or cosmology. The triadic causeways at Ichmul are seen as virtual processes that have the potential to become actual forms at every present moment.