Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T19:27:39.553Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

In Search of the Neanderthals: Solving the Puzzle of Human Origins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2008

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Review Feature
Copyright
Copyright © The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allsworth-Jones, P., 1993. The archaeology of archaic and early Modern Homo sapiens: an African perspective. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 3(1), 2139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arensburg, B., Schepartz, L.A., Tillier, A.-M., Vandermeersch, B. & Rak, Y., 1990. A reappraisal of the anatomical basis for speech in Middle Paleolithic hominids. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 83(2), 137–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Axelrod, R., 1984. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York (NY): Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O., 1987. Pleistocene connexions between Africa and southwest Asia: an archaeological perspective. The African Archaeological Review 5: 2938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O., 1992a. Middle Paleolithic human adaptations in the Mediterranean Levant, in The Evolution and Dispersal of Modern Humans in Asia, eds. Akazawa, T., Aoki, K. & Kimura, T.. Tokyo: Hokusen-sha, 189215.Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O., 1992b. The role of western Asia in modern human origins. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 337,193200.Google ScholarPubMed
Bar-Yosef, O. & Vandermeersch, B., 1981. Notes concerning the possible age of the Mousterian layers at Qafzeh Cave, in Préhistoire du Levant, eds. Sanlaville, P. & Cauvin, J.. Paris: Editions CNRS, 555–69.Google Scholar
Belfer-Cohen, A. & Hovers, E., 1992. In the eye of the beholder: Mousterian and Natufian burials in the Levant. Current Anthropology 33(4), 463–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D., 1990. Language and Species. Chicago (IL): Chicago University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C, 1993. Aspects of transmission of tool-use in wild chimpanzees, in Tools, Language, and Cognition in Human Evolution, eds. Gibson, K.R. & Ingold, T.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 171–83.Google Scholar
Bowdler, S., 1982. Prehistoric archaeology in Tasmania, in Advances in World Archaeology, eds. Close, A. & Wendorf, F.. New York (NY): Academic Press, 149.Google Scholar
Brace, C.L., 1979. Krapina ‘classic’ Neanderthals and the evolution of the European face. Journal of Human Evolution 6, 527–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, J. & Rogers, L., 1993. The Evolution of Lateral Asymmetries, Language, Tool Use, and Intellect. San Diego (CA): Academic Press.Google Scholar
Chase, P.G. & Dibble, H.L., 1987. Middle Paleolithic symbolism: a review of current evidence and interpretations. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 6, 263–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chase, P.G. & Dibble, H.L., 1990. Comment on ‘On the emergence of modern humans’ by Paul Mellars. Current Anthropology 31(1), 58–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, G.A., 1992. Continuity or replacement? Putting modern human origins in an evolutionary context, in The Middle Palaeolithic Adaptation, Behaviour, and Variability, eds. Dibble, H.L. & Mellars, P.. Philadelphia (PA): University Museum, 183206.Google Scholar
Clark, G.A. & Lindly, J., 1989. The case for continuity: observations on the bio-cultural transition in Europe and western Asia, in The Human Revolution, eds. Mellars, P. & Stringer, C.. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 626–76.Google Scholar
Clark, J.D., 1992. The earlier Stone Age/Lower Palaeolithic in North Africa and the Sahara, in New Light on the Northeast African Past, eds. Klees, F. & Kuper, R.. Köln: Heinrich Barth Institut, 1837.Google Scholar
Clarke, D.L., 1968. Analytical Archaeology. London: MetheunGoogle Scholar
Conkey, M.W., 1978. Style and information in cultural evolution: toward a predictive model for the Palaeolithic, in Social Archaeology: Beyond Subsistence and Dating, eds. Redman, C.L., Berman, M.J., Curtin, E.V., Langhorne, W.T. Jr, Versaggi, N.M. & Wanser, J.C.. New York (NY): Academic Press, 6185.Google Scholar
Cosgrove, R., Allen, J. & Marshall, B., 1990. Palaeo-ecology and Pleistocene human occupation in south central Tasmania. Antiquity 64, 5978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culotta, E., 1993. Old feuds, new finds mark anthropologists’ meeting. Science 260,892–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, I. & Noble, W., 1992. Why the first colonisation of the Australian region is the earliest evidence of modern human behaviour. Archaeology in Oceania 27, 135–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deacon, H.J., 1992. Southern Africa and modern human origins. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 337(1280), 177–83.Google ScholarPubMed
Deacon, T.W., 1989. The neural circuity underlying primate calls and human language. Human Evolution 4(5), 367401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Féblot-Augustins, J., 1993. Mobility strategies in the late Middle Palaeolithic of central Europe and western Europe: elements of stability and variability. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 12, 211–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frayer, D.W., 1993. Evolution at the European edge: Neanderthal and Upper Paleolithic relationships. Préhistoire Européenne 2, 969.Google Scholar
Frayer, D.W., Wolpoff, M.H., Thome, A.G., Smith, F.H. & Pope, G.C., 1993. Theories of modern human origins: the palaeontological test. American Anthropologist 95, 1450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gambier, D., 1989. il hominids from the early Upper Palaeolithic (Aurignacian) of France, in Human Revolution, eds. Mellars, P. & Stringer, C.. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 194211.Google Scholar
Gamble, C.S., 1991a. The social context for European Palaeolithic art. Proceedings of Prehistoric Society 57,315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamble, C.S., 1991b. Brilliant — Rock art and art rock in Australia. Nature 351, 608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamble, C.S., 1991c. Raising the curtain on modern human origins. Antiquity 65, 412–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamble, C.S., 1993. Timewalkers: The Prehistory of Global Colonization. Far Thrupp (Stroud) & Cambridge (MA): Alan Sutton & Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gamble, C.S. & Soffer, O., 1990. Pleistocene polyphony: the diversity of human adaptations at the last glacial maximum, in The World at 18,000 BP, vol. 2. Low Latitudes, eds. Gamble, C. & Soffer, O.. London: Unwin Hyman, 123.Google Scholar
Geneste, J.-M., 1988. Systemes d’approvisionnement en matières premières au paléolithique moyen et au paléolithique supérieur en Aquitaine. L’Homme de Neandertal 8, 6170.Google Scholar
Gibbons, A., 1992. Mitochondrial Eve: wounded but not dead yet. Science 257, 873–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, S.J., 1991. Exaptation: a crucial tool for an evolutionary psychology. Journal of Social Issues 47, 4365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graves, P.M., 1991. New models and metaphors for the Neanderthal debate. Current Anthropology 32, 513–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harlow, H.F., Schitz, K. & Harlow, M.K., 1965. Effects of social isolation on learning performance of rhesus monkeys, in Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Primatology 1, ed. Carpenter, C.R.. Basel: Karge, 178–85.Google Scholar
Harpending, H., Sherry, S., Rogers, A. & Stoneking, M., 1993.The genetic structure of ancient human populations. Current Anthropology 34, 483–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasegawa, M., Di Rienzo, A., Kocher, T. & Wilson, A., 1993. Towards a more accurate time scale for the human mitochondrial DNA tree. Journal of Molecular Evolution 37, 347–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heim, J.L., 1989. La nouvelle reconstitution du crãne Néandertalien de La Chapelle-aux-Saints: méthode et résultats. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Sociéte d’Anthropologie de Paris, new series 1(1–2), 95118.Google Scholar
Hollo way, R.L., 1985. The poor brain of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis: see what you please, in Ancestors: The Hard Evidence, ed. Delson, E.. New York (NY): Alan R. Liss, 319–24.Google Scholar
Howells, W.W., 1989. Skull Shapes and the Map: Craniometric Analyses in the Dispersion of Modern Homo. Cambridge (MA): Peabody Museum, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Isaac, G., 1986. Foundation stones: early artefacts as indicators of activities and abilities, in Stone Age Prehistory: Studies in Memory of Charles McBurney, eds. Callow, P. & Bailey, G.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 221–41.Google Scholar
Jones, R., 1990. From Kakadu to Kutikina: the southern continent at 18,000 years ago, in The World at 18,000 BP, eds. Soffer, O. & Gamble, C.. London: Unwin Hyman, 264–95.Google Scholar
Klein, R.G., 1989. The Human Career. Chicago (IL): Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Kuhn, S.L., 1992. On planning and curated technologies in the Middle Palaeolithic. Journal of Anthropological Research 48, 185214CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, J.C., 1993. Human molecular phylogenetics. Annual Review of Anthropology 22,251–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDermott, F., Grün, R., Stringer, C.B. & Hawkesworth, C.J., 1993. Mass-spectrometric U-series dates for Israeli Neanderthal/early modern hominid sites. Nature 363, 252–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malinowski, B., 1935. Coral Gardens and their Magic. London: Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Marks, A.E., 1983. The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in the Levant. Advances in World Archaeology 2, 5198.Google Scholar
Marks, A.E., 1990. The Middle and Upper Palaeolithic of the Near East and the Nile Valley: the problem of cultural transformations, in The Emergence of Modern Humans, ed. Mellars, P.. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 56–80.Google Scholar
Mellars, P.A., 1989a. Major issues in the emergence of modern humans. Current Anthropology 30, 349–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellars, P.A., 1989b. Technological changes in the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition: economic, social and cognitive perspectives, in The Human Revolution, eds. Mellars, P. & Stringer, C.. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 338–65.Google Scholar
Mellars, P.A., 1991. Cognitive changes and the emergence of modern humans. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1(1): 6376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, G.D., 1968. Persistent behavior pathology in rhesus monkeys following early social isolation. Folia Primatologica 8, 132–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nei, M. & Roychoudhury, A.K., 1993. Evolutionary relationships of human populations on a global scale. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10, 927–43.Google ScholarPubMed
Quennell, M. & Quennell, C.H.B., 1921. Everyday Life in the Old Stone Age. London: Batsford.Google Scholar
Radcliffe-Brown, A.R., 1922/1964. The Andaman Islanders. Glencoe (IL): Free Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, R.G., Jones, R. & Smith, M.A., 1990. Thermo-luminescence dating of a 50,000-year-old human occupation site in northern Australia. Nature 345, 153–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruvolo, M., Zehr, S., von Dornum, M.Pan, D., Chang, B. & Lin, J., 1993. Mitochondrial COII sequences and modern human origins. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10,1115–35.Google ScholarPubMed
Sackett, J.R., 1968. Method and theory of Upper Palaeolithic archaeology in southwestern France, in New Perspectives in Archaeology, eds. Binford, S.R. & Binford, L.R.. Chicago (IL): Alsine, 6183.Google Scholar
Shipman, P., 1983. Early hominid lifestyle: hunting and gathering or foraging and scavenging, in Animals and Archaeology 1: Hunters and their Prey, eds. Clutton-Brock, J. & Grigson, C.. (British Archaeological Reports S163.) Oxford: BAR, 132–47.Google Scholar
Smith, F.H., 1984. Fossil hominids from the Upper Pleistocene of central Europe and the origin of modern Europeans, in The Origins of Modern Humans: A World Survey of the Fossil Evidence, eds. Smith, F.H. & Spencer, F.. New York (NY): Alan R. Liss, 137209.Google Scholar
Smith, F.H., 1991. The Neanderthals: evolutionary dead ends or ancestors of modern people? Journal of Anthropological Research 47(2), 219–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sollas, W.J., 1911. Ancient Hunters and their Modern Representatives. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Stringer, C.B., 1988. The dates of Eden. Nature 331, 565–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stringer, C.B., 1992. Neanderthal dates debated. Nature 356, 201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stringer, C.B. & Andrews, P., 1988. Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans. Science 239, 1263–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stringer, C. & Bräuer, G., in press. Methods, misreading and bias. American Anthropologist.Google Scholar
Taçpn, P., 1991. The power of stone: symbolic aspects of stone use and tool development in western Arnhem Land, Australia. Antiauity 65,192207.Google Scholar
Templeton, A.E., 1992. Human origins and analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Science 255, 737.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Templeton, A.E., 1993. The ‘Eve’ hypotheses: a genetic critique and reanalysis. American Anthropologist 95(1), 5172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thome, A.G. & Wolpoff, M.H., 1992. The multiregional evolution of humans. Scientific American (April), 2833.Google Scholar
Toth, N., Schick, K.D., Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S, Sevcik, R.A. & Rumbaugh, D.M., 1993. Pan the tool-maker: investigations into the stone tool-making and tool-using capabilities of a Bonobo (Pan paniscus). Journal of Archaeological Science 20(1), 8192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trinkaus, E. (ed.), 1989. The Emergence of Modern Humans: Biocultural Adaptations in the Later Pleistocene. (School of American Research Seminar Series.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Trinkaus, E., 1993. Femoral neck-shaft angles of the Qafzeh-Skhul early modern humans, and activity levels among immature Near Eastern Middle Palaeolithic hominids. Journal of Human Evolution 151, 393416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trinkaus, E. & Smith, F.H., 1985. The fate of the Neanderthals, in Ancestors: The Hard Evidence, ed. Delson, E.. New York (NY): Alan R. Liss, 325–33.Google Scholar
Wobst, H.M., 1977. Stylistic behaviour and information exchange, in Papers for the Director: Research Essays in Honor of James B. Griffin, ed. Cleland, C.E.. (Anthropological Papers, Museum of Anthropology 61.) Ann Arbor (MI): University of Michigan, 317–42.Google Scholar
Wolpoff, M.H. et ah, 1984. Modern Homo sapiens origins: a general theory of hominid evolution involving the fossil evidence from East Asia, in The Origin of Modem Humans: A World Survey of the Fossil Evidence, eds. Smith, F.H. & Spencer, F.. New York (NY): Alan Liss, 411–83.Google Scholar
Wolpoff, M.H., 1989. The place of the Neanderthals in human evolution, in The Emergence of Modern Humans. Biocultural Adaptations in the Later Pleistocene, ed. Trinkaus, E.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 97141,232–76.Google Scholar
Wynn, T. & McGrew, W.C., 1989. An ape's view of the Oldowan. Man 24, 383–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar