Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T16:53:46.146Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Public Accounting in the United States from 1913 to 1928

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2012

James Don Edwards
James Don Edwards
Affiliation:
Associate Professor of Accounting at Michigan State University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In the years between 1913 and 1928 public accounting evolved from a relatively obscure and limited practice to full maturity as a respected and flourishing profession. The present article deals with these years in some detail, expanding a shorter survey published in the Business History Review in June, 1956. The period from 1928 to 1951 is dealt with in detail in an article in the December, 1956, issue.

Type
Articles
Information
Business History Review , Volume 32 , Issue 1 , Spring 1958 , pp. 74 - 101
Copyright
Copyright © The President and Fellows of Harvard College 1958

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Editorial, “A Federal Income Tax,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XV (Jan., 1913), p. 60.

2 Editorial, “The Income Tax,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XVI (Oct., 1913), p. 307.

3 Editorial “United States Income Tax,” The Accountant, Vol. XLIX (Aug., 1913), p. 152.

4 Niven, John B., “Income Tax Department,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XVI (Nov., 1913), p. 384.Google Scholar

5 “Income Tax in the United States,” The Accountant, Vol. XLIX (Dec., 1913), p. 861.

6 Editorial, “The Income Tax,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XVI (Oct., 1913), p. 307.

7 Editorial, “A New Department,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XVI (Nov., 1913), p. 373.

8 Editorial, “Brighter Prospects of Accountancy,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XVI (Dec., 1913), p. 459.

9 May, George O., “The Economic and Political Influences in the Development of the Accounting Profession,” in Fifty Years of Service, 1898–1948 (Newark, N. J.: New Jersey Society of Certified Public Accountants, 1948), p. 11.Google Scholar

10 Editorial, “Defects of Title 2 of the Federal Revenue Act of October 3, 1917,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXV (Feb., 1918), p. 81.

11 McLaren, Norman L., “The Influence of Federal Taxation upon Accountancy,” in Fiftieth Anniversary Celebration (New York: The American Institute of Accountants, 1937), p. 128.Google Scholar

12 Editorial, “Preparation of Tax Returns,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXV (June, 1918), p. 447.

13 McLaren, Norman L., “The Influence of Federal Taxation upon Accountancy,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. LXIV (Dec., 1937), p. 435.Google Scholar

14 Norman L. McLaren, “Evolution of American Accountancy” (unpublished typescript), p. 5.

15 Young, Arthur, Arthur Young and the Business He Founded (New York: Privately Printed, 1948), p. 31.Google Scholar

16 Ibid., p. 34.

17 Ibid., p. 37.

18 Editorial, “National Aspects of Public Accountancy,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XIX (Jan., 1914), p. 46.

19 Editorial, “How the Text Was Published,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XLVII (May, 1929), p. 358.

20 Editorial, “Significance of an Accountant's Certificate,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XLI (Jan., 1926), p. 33.

21 Editorial, “Holding the Accountant Responsible,” The Journal of Ac countancy, Vol. XXVIII (July, 1919), p. 39.

22 Ultramares Corp. v. Touche, 255 N.Y. 170, 174 N.E. 441, 442 (1931).

28 State Street Trust Co. v. Alwin C. Ernst, 278 N.Y. 104 (1938).

24 Kostelanetz, Boris, “Auditors' Responsibilities and the Law,” The New York Certified Public Accountant, Vol. XIX (Feb., 1949), p. 94.Google Scholar

25 William R. Craig v. James T. Anyon, 212 App. Div., N.Y. 55 (1925); affirmed 242 N.Y. 569 (1926). National Surety Corp. v. Lybrand, 256 App. Div. 226, 9 N.Y. 52nd 554 (1939).

26 Kostelanetz, Boris, “Auditors' Responsibilities and the Law,” The New York Certified Public Accountant, Vol. XIX (Feb., 1949), p. 92.Google Scholar

27 Ibid., p. 93.

28 Editorial, “Practice before the Tax Board” and “Board of Tax Appeals,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXXVIII (Nov., 1924), pp. 205, 206.

29 Editorial, “Oklahoma C.P.A. Law,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXIII (May, 1917), p. 368.

30 State v. Riedell.

31 Ibid.

32 Editorial, “Court Decisions Affecting Accountancy,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXXVII (March, 1924), p. 214.

33 “Accountancy in the States,” The Accountant, Vol. LV (Sept., 1916), p. 398.

34 “The Institute of Accountants in the United States of America,” The Accountant, Vol. LV (Nov., 1916), p. 440.

35 Ibid.

36 “Accountancy in the States,” The Accountant, Vol. LV (Nov., 1916), p. 398.

37 “The Institute of Accountants in the United States of America,” The Accountant, Vol. LV (Nov., 1916), p. 442.

38 The name of the Institute was shortened in January, 1917, to “The American Institute of Accountants,” dropping the words “in the United States of America,” because the same results were accomplished with fewer words. The new name went into effect after a two-thirds vote of the members on January 22, 1917 (American Institute of Accountants Year Book, 1917, p. 144).

39 “The Institute of Accountants in the United States of America,” The Accountant, Vol. LV (Nov., 1916), p. 444.

40 Nau, Carl H., “The American Institute of Accountants,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXXI (Feb., 1921), p. 105.Google Scholar

41 “The Record of the American Institute of Accountants,” The Accountant, Vol. LVII (Dec., 1917), p. 453.

42 “Growth of Accountancy,” The Accountant, Vol. LVII (Aug., 1917), p. 135.

43 “Institute Examinations,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXIII (Feb., 1917), p. 133.

44 “The Institute of Accountants in the United States of America,” The Accountant, Vol. LV (Nov., 1916), p. 445. “American Institute of Accountants Board of Examiners,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXIV (July, 1917), p. 20.

45 “Accountancy in the States,” The Accountant, Vol. LVI (Jan., 1917), p. 81.

46 Letter from Robert L. Kane, Educational Director of the American Institute of Accountants, to James D. Edwards, dated June 2, 1952. A copy of the first examination can be found in The Journal of Accountancy for July, 1917.

47 Davies, Sanders W., “Genesis, Growth and Aims of the Institute,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XLII (Aug., 1926), p. 108.Google Scholar

48 “A Bureau of Research,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XLII (Aug., 1926), p. 108.

49 Editorial, “Certificate of Incorporation of the National Association of Certified Public Accountants,” The Certified Public Accountant Bulletin, Vol. II (Dec., 1923), p. 4.

50 Anderson, W. R., “The Surety Bond,” The Certified Public Accountant Bulletin, Vol. IV (Oct., 1925), p. 4.Google Scholar

51 Editorial, “Injunction against National Association of Certified Public Accountants,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXXVI (July, 1923), p. 30.

52 Montgomery, Robert H., Fifty Years of Accountancy (New York, 1939), p. 69.Google Scholar “The American Society and the American Institute,” The Certified Public Accountant, Vol. III (Oct., 1924), p. 244.

53 Miller, Henry J., “The American Society and the American Institute,” The Certified Public Accountant, Vol. V (Dec., 1925), p. 157.Google Scholar

54 “The American Society and the American Institute,” The Certified Public Accountant, Vol. III (Oct., 1924), p. 244.

55 “Constitution and By-Laws of the American Society of Certified Public Accountants,” The Certified Public Accountant, Vol. II (Aug., 1923), p. 213.

56 “The American Society and the American Institute,” The Certified Public Accountant, Vol. Ill (Oct., 1924), p. 247.

57 Banks, Alexander, “Problems Now Confronting the Public Accounting Profession,” The Certified Public Accountant, Vol. III (Jan., 1924), p. 20.Google Scholar

58 See Edwards, “Public Accounting in the United States from 1928 to 1951,” Business History Review, Vol. XXX (Dec., 1956), p. 462.

59 Editorial, “The Institute Rejects an Amendment,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XL (Nov., 1925), p. 355.

60 Editorial, “For Federal Incorporation,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXXIII (Jan., 1922), p. 39.

61 Banks, Alexander, “Problems Now Confronting the Public Accounting Profession,” The Certified Public Accountant, Vol. III (Jan., 1924), p. 2.Google Scholar

62 Editorial, “Growth of Accountancy,” The Accountant, Vol. LVII (Aug., 1917), p. 134.

63 Allen, C. E., “The Growth of Accounting Instruction Since 1900,” The Accounting Review, Vol. II (June, 1927), p. 160.Google Scholar

64 Editorial, “American Association of University Instructors in Accounting,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXV (Feb., 1918), p. 155.

65 Chase, Arthur W., “University Education of Accounting Students in the United States,” The Accountant, Vol. LVII (Sept., 1917), p. 179.Google Scholar

66 Editorial, “National Aspects of Public Accountancy,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XIX (Jan., 1914), p. 49.

67 Editorial, “Branch Office Ethics,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXVIII (Sept., 1919), p. 212.

68 Ross, T. A., “Growth and Effect of Branch Offices,” The Journal of Accountancy, Vol. XXX (Oct., 1920), p. 256.Google Scholar