Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 September 2022
Between 1974 and 1986, the intervention of various French governments on both the right and the left—in addition to corporate maneuvering and increased focus on competitiveness and lean production—resulted in foreign direct investment, mergers, plant closures, and bankruptcies among struggling French automotive suppliers. This article will explore why these efforts were unsuccessful by revisiting the first Japanese attempts to enter the European automobile industry. It does so not only through the case of Nissan in the United Kingdom in 1984 but also through the essentially unfamiliar and contemporaneous example of French automotive suppliers.
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12 Lean production, whose goal is to operate as tightly as possible, is characterized notably by local production networks and the reduction of stock. The term “just in time” is also used to refer to this model of production.
13 Florence Descamps and Laure Quennouëlle-Corre, “1983, un tournant libéral?,” Vingtième siècle: Revue d'histoire, no. 138 (2018).
14 Ministry of Industry, Company files investigated by CIRI, 1978-1987, 19910541/1-19910541/22, French National Archives (NA). The archives consulted are those of the Ministry of Industry located at the National Archives in Pierrefitte-sur-Seine. The CIRI archives are kept at the Centre des archives économiques et financières, in Savigny-le-Temple.
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16 These other archives include the following: Permanent representation of France to the European Union (RPUE), Historical Archives of the European Union (HAEU), European Bureau of Consumers’ Unions (BEUC), Peugeot Société Anonyme (PSA), FIEV (French Automotive Equipment Industry Federation), and French Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Japan (CCIFJ).
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19 Strange, Japanese Manufacturing Investment, 216.
20 Official Journal of the French Republic, parliamentary debates, 14 Oct. 1983.
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29 Ministry of Industry, note on the Maglum case, Maglum company file, 31 Oct. 1980–1982, 19910541/13, NA. In the early 1980s, Maglum was a struggling company based in Ronchamp, in Franche-Comté, and supplied PSA.
30 Minutes from meeting between representatives from the Fédération des Travailleurs de la Métallurgie (CGT) trade union and the services of the Ministry of Industry, Maglum company file, 31 Oct. 1980, 19910541/13, NA.
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34 District Council for Seine-Saint-Denis to Laurent Fabius, Letter to the Minister for Industry and Research, Constructions de Clichy company file, 17 May 1984, 19910541/6, NA.
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39 Strange, Japanese Manufacturing Investment, 216.
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42 Prefect for the Allier Department to the Minister for Industry and Research, HES company file, June 1984, 19910541/8, NA.
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50 FIEV president to the European Commission, 1 Feb. 1993, FIEV.
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54 Minutes from meeting at the Ministry of Industry, 9 Oct. 1982, PSA.
55 Libération, 15 Sep. 1984.
56 Le Figaro, 12 Oct. 1984.
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62 Les Échos, 14 Sep. 1984.
63 Jacques Calvet, statements made at press conference at Frankfurt Motor Show, 13 Sep. 1989, PSA.
64 Le Monde, 15 Sep. 1984.
65 Le Figaro, 12 Oct. 1984.
66 Libération, 15 Sep. 1984.
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68 Minutes from an interministerial meeting, HES company file, Sep. 1984, 19910541/8, NA.
69 Hau, “Les grands naufrages industriels,” 15–35.
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73 Minutes from an interministerial meeting, HES company file, 3 Dec. 1984, 19910541/8, NA.
74 Jean-Charles Leygues, note, Dec. 1990, HAEU.
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