Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:01:12.706Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ethics in Declining Organizations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2015

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between declining organizations and unethical behavior. Data from a four month long management simulation indicate that declining organizations demonstrate a greater propensity for unethical activities than do more successful companies. The results indicate that: 1) organizations in decline are more likely to be involved in unethical activities; 2) the more severe the decline is, the more unethical the behavior is likely to be; and 3) it is organizational decline and not initial propensities toward unethical conduct that explains the unethical behavior. The paper also discusses the implications of these findings and outlines future streams of research.

Honesty is the best policy - When there is money in it. - Mark Twain

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Business Ethics 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnett, J. H. and Karson, M. J.. 1987. Personal Values and Business Decisions: An Exploratory Investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 6: 371382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumhart, R. C. 1961. How Ethical Are Businessmen? Harvard Business Review, 39(4): 6.Google Scholar
Brady, F. N. 1985. A Janus-Headed Model of Ethical Theory: Looking Two Ways at Business/Society Issues. Academy of Management Review, 10: 568576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brenner, S. N. and Molander, E. A.. 1977. Is the Ethics of Business Changing? Harvard Business Review, 55(1): 5771.Google Scholar
Cameron, K. S. and Whetten, D. A.. 1981. Perceptions of Organizational Effectiveness Over Organizational Life Cycles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26: 525544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, K. S., Kim, M. U., and Whetten, D. A.. 1987. Organizational Effects of Decline and Turbulence. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32: 222240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, K. S., Whetten, D. A., and Kim, M. U.. 1987. Organizational Dysfunctions of Decline. Academy of Management Journal, 30: 126138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, K. J. and Cyert, R. M.. 1965. Simulation of Organizational Behavior. In March, J. G. (Ed.) Handbook of Organizations, 305334. New York: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Etzioni, A. 1985. Will a Few Bad Apples Spoil the Core of Big Business?. Business and Society Review, Fall: 45.Google Scholar
Fleming, J. E. 1985, A Suggested Approach to Linking Decision Styles with Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 4: 137144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ford, J. D. 1980. The Administrative Component in Growing and Declining Organizations: A longitudinal analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 23: 615630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ford, J. D. 1985. The Effect of Causal Attributions on Decision Maker's Responses to Performance Downturns. Academy of Management Review, 10: 770786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, P. A. 1979. The Corporation as a Moral Person. American Philosophical Quarterly, 16(3): 207215.Google Scholar
Fritzsche, D. J. and Becker, H.. 1984. Linking Management Behavior to Ethical Philosophy—An Empirical Investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 27: 166175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gladstein, D. L. and Reilly, N. P.. 1985. Group Decision Making Under Threat: The Tycoon Game. Academy of Management Journal, 28: 613627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodpaster, K. E. and Matthews, J. B. Jr., 1982. Can a Corporation Have a Conscience? Harvard Business Review, 60(1): 132143.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, L. 1983. Organizational Decline. In Bachrach, S. (Ed.), Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 231276, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Hegarty, W. H. and Sims, H. P. Jr., 1978. Some Determinants of Unethical Decision Behavior: An Experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4): 451457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hegarty, W. H. and Sims, H. P. Jr., 1979. Organizational Philosophy, Policies and Objectives Related to Unethical Decision Behavior: A Laboratory Experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64(3): 331338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofstede, G. 1980. Angola Coffee—or the Confrontation of an Organization with Changing Values in its Environment. Organization Studies, 1(1): 2140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, R. C. 1984. Corporate Responsibility and Corporate Personhood. Journal of Business Ethics, V. 7784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitroff, I. I. and Kilmann, R. H.. 1977. Teaching Managers to do Policy Analysis: The Case of Corporate Bribery. California Management Review, 20(1): 4754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nichols, M. L. and Day, V. E.. 1982. A Comparison of Moral Reasoning of Groups and Individuals on the “Defining Issues Test.” Academy of Management Journal, 25: 201208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reither, F. 1985. Wertorientierung in Komplexen Entscheidungssituationen. Sprache & Kognition, 4(1): 2127.Google Scholar
Smart, C. and Vertinsky, I.. 1984. Strategy and the Environment: A Study of Corporate Responses to Crises. Strategie Management Journal, 5: 199213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J. R. and Golden, P.. 1987. Airline: A Strategie Management Simulation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Staw, B. M. and Szwajkowski, E.. 1975. The Scarcity-munificence Component of Organizational Environments and the Commission of Illegal Acts. Administrative Science Quarterly, 20: 345354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szwajkowski, E. 1985. Organizational Illegality: Theoretical Integration and Illustrative Application. Academy of Management Review, 10: 558567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whetten, D. A. 1980. Organizational Decline: A Neglected Topic in Organizational Science. Academy of Management Review, 5: 577588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whetten, D. A. 1980, Sources, Responses, and Effects of Organizational Decline. In Kimberly, J. and Miles, R. (Eds.), The Organizational Lifecycle, 342374. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Whetten, D. A. 1987. Organizational Growth and Decline Processes. Annual Review of Sociology, 13: 335358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zammuto, R. F. and Cameron, K. S.. 1985. Environmental Decline and Organizational Response. In Cummings, L. L. and Staw, B. M. (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 223262. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar