Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T05:53:36.901Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ideologies of Corporate Responsibility: From Neoliberalism to “Varieties of Liberalism”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2021

Steen Vallentin  and
David Murillo
Steen Vallentin
Affiliation:
Copenhagen Business School
David Murillo
Affiliation:
Universitat Ramon Llull
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Critical scholarship often presents corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a reflection or embodiment of neoliberalism. Against this sort of sweeping political characterization we argue that CSR can indeed be considered a liberal concept but that it embodies a “varieties of liberalism.” Building theoretically on the work of Michael Freeden on liberal languages, John Ruggie and Karl Polanyi on embedded forms of liberalism, and Michel Foucault on the distinction between classical liberalism and neoliberalism, we provide a conceptual treatment and mapping of the ideological positions that constitute the bulk of modern scholarly CSR debate. Thus, we distinguish between embedded liberalism, classical liberalism, neoliberalism, and re-embedded liberalism. We develop these four orientations in turn and show how they are engaged in “battles of ideas” over the meaning and scope of corporate responsibilities—and how they all remain relevant for an understanding of contemporary debates and developments in the field of CSR and corporate sustainability.

Keywords

ideologyCSRembedded liberalismclassical liberalismneoliberalism
Type
Article
Information
Business Ethics Quarterly , Volume 32 , Issue 4 , October 2022 , pp. 635 - 670
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for Business Ethics

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aakhus, M., & Bzdak, M. 2012. Revisiting the role of “shared value” in the business–society relationship. Business and Professional Ethics Journal, 31(2): 231–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ackerman, R. W., & Bauer, R. A. 1976. Corporate social responsiveness: The modern dilemma. Reston, VA: Reston.Google Scholar
Acquier, A., Gond, J.-P., & Pasquero, J. 2011. Rediscovering Howard R. Bowen’s legacy: The unachieved agenda and continuing relevance of Social responsibilities of the businessman. Business and Society, 50(4): 607–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agle, B. P., Donaldson, T., Freeman, R. E., Jensen, M. C., Mitchell, R. K., & Wood, D. J. 2008. Dialogue: Toward superior stakeholder theory. Business Ethics Quarterly, 18(2): 153–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aguilera, R. V., Rupp, D. E., Williams, C., & Ganapathi, J. 2007. Putting the s back in corporate social responsibility: A multi-level theory of social change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32: 836–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albareda, L., Lozano, J. M., & Ysa, T. 2007. Public policies on corporate social responsibility: The role of governments in Europe. Journal of Business Ethics, 74: 391–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appelbaum, B. 2019. The economists’ hour: How the false prophets of free markets fractured our society. London: Picador/Pan Macmillan.Google Scholar
Arnold, D. G. 2013. Global justice and international business. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(1): 125–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakan, J. 2004. The corporation: The pathological pursuit of profit and power. London: Constable.Google Scholar
Banerjee, S. B. 2007. Corporate social responsibility: The good, the bad and the ugly. Cornwall, UK: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, S. B. 2018. Transnational politics and translocal governance: The politics of corporate responsibility. Human Relations, 71(6): 796–821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, M. L. 2019. The business case for corporate social responsibility: A critique and an indirect path forward. Business and Society, 58(1): 167–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckert, J. 2007. The great transformation of embeddedness: Karl Polanyi and the new economic sociology. MPIfG Discussion Paper 07/1, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, Germany.Google Scholar
Berger-Walliser, G., & Scott, I. 2018. Redefining corporate social responsibility in an era of globalization and regulatory hardening. American Business Law Journal, 55(1): 167–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhatia, A., & Makkar, B. 2020. Stage of development of a country and CSR disclosure—the latent driving forces. International Journal of Law and Management, 62(5): 467–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Block, F. 2003. Karl Polanyi and the writing of The great transformation. Theory and Society, 32: 275–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Block, F., & Somers, M. L. 2014. The power of market fundamentalism: Karl Polanyi’s critique. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boas, T. C., & Gans-Morse, J. 2009. Neoliberalism: From new liberal philosophy to anti-liberal slogan. Studies in Comparative International Development, 44: 137–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boltanski, L., & Chiapello, E. 2007. The new spirit of capitalism. New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Bowen, H. R. 1953. Social responsibilities of the businessman. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Boyd, E., Spekman, R. E., Kamauff, J. W., & Werhane, P. 2007. Corporate social responsibility in global supply chains: A procedural justice perspective. Long Range Planning, 40(3): 341–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brammer, S., Jackson, G., & Matten, D. 2012. Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance. Socio-Economic Review, 10(1): 3–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bril, H., Kell, G., & Rasche, A. (Eds.). 2021. Sustainable investing: A path to a new horizon. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Business and Sustainable Development Commission. 2017. Better business better world: The report of the Business and Sustainable Development Commission. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/2399BetterBusinessBetterWorld.pdf.Google Scholar
Business Roundtable. 2019. Business Roundtable redefines the purpose of a corporation to promote “an economy that serves all Americans.” https://www.businessroundtable.org/.Google Scholar
Business Roundtable. 2021. Business Roundtable statement on the purpose of a corporation: Two year anniversary. https://www.businessroundtable.org/.Google Scholar
Campbell, J. L. 2007. Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32: 946–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, A. B. 1979. A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4): 497–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, A. B. 1999. Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business and Society, 38(3): 268–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, A. B., Lipartito, K. J., Post, J. E., & Werhane, H. 2012. Corporate responsibility: The American experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chin, M. K., Hambrick, D. C., & Treviño, L. K. 2013. Political ideologies of CEOs: The influence of executives’ values on corporate social responsibility. Administrative Science Quarterly, 58(2): 197–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crane, A., McWilliams, A., Matten, D., Moon, J., & Siegel, D. S. 2008. The corporate social responsibility agenda. In Crane, A., McWilliams, A., Matten, D., Moon, J., & Siegel, D. S. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility: 3–15. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crane, A., Palazzo, G., Spence, L. J., & Matten, D. 2014. Contesting the value of “creating shared value.” California Management Review, 56(2): 130–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crook, C. 2005. The good company—a sceptical look at corporate social responsibility. The Economist, January.Google Scholar
Davis, K. 1960. Can business afford to ignore social responsibilities? California Management Review, 2: 70–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, K. 1967. Understanding the social responsibility puzzle: What does the businessman owe to society? Business Horizons, 10: 45–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, K., & Blomström, R. L. 1966. Business and its environment. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
de Bakker, F., Rasche, A., & Ponte, S. 2019. Multi-stakeholder initiatives on sustainability: A cross-disciplinary review and research agenda for business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 29(3): 343–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de los Reyes, G., & Scholz, M. 2019. The limits of the business case for sustainability: Don’t count on “creating shared value” to extinguish corporate destruction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 221(1): 785–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de los Reyes, G., Scholz, M., & Smith, N. C. 2017. Beyond the “win–win”: Creating shared value requires ethical frameworks. California Management Review, 59(2): 142–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dembek, K., Singh, P., & Bhakoo, V. 2016. Literature review of shared value: A theoretical concept or a management buzzword? Journal of Business Ethics, 137(2): 231–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dentchev, N. A., Haezendonch, E., & van Balen, M. 2017. The role of governments in the business and society debate. Business and Society, 56(4): 527–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Detomasi, D. A. 2008. The political roots of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4): 807–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Detomasi, D. 2015. The multinational corporation as a political actor: “Varieties of capitalism” revisited. Journal of Business Ethics, 128: 685–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djelic, M. L., & Etchanchu, H. 2015. Contextualizing corporate political responsibilities: Neoliberal CSR in historical perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 131(3): 1–21.Google Scholar
Dobbin, F., & Jung, J. 2010. The misapplication of Mr. Michael Jensen: How agency theory brought down the economy and why it might again. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 30: 29–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. 1995. The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1): 65–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eastman, W. 2013. Ideology as rationalization and as self-righteousness: Psychology and law as paths to critical business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(4): 527–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberlein, B. 2019. Who fills the global governance gap? Rethinking the roles of business and government in global governance. Organization Studies, 40(8): 1125–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrnström-Fuentes, M. 2016. Delinking legitimacies: A pluriversal perspective on political CSR. Journal of Management Studies, 53(3): 433–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elkington, J. 1994. Towards the sustainable corporation: Win–win–win business strategies for sustainable development. California Management Review, 36(2): 90–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Union High-Level Expert Group on Sustainable Finance. 2018. Final report 2018. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/180131-sustainable-finance-final-report_en.pdf.Google Scholar
Falck, O., & Heblich, S. 2007. Corporate social responsibility: Doing well by doing good. Business Horizons, 50(3): 247–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleming, P., & Jones, M. T. 2012. The end of corporate social responsibility: Crisis and critique. Cornwall: Sage.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 2008. The birth of bio-politics: Lectures at Collège de France 1978–1979. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Frederick, W. C. 1960. The growing concern over business responsibility. California Management Review, 2: 54–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frederick, W. C. 1978/1994. From CSR1 to CSR2—The maturing of business-and-society thought. Business and Society, 33(2): 150–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frederick, W. C. 2006. Corporation, be good! The story of corporate social responsibility. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear.Google Scholar
Freeden, M. 2005. Liberal languages. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Freeden, M., & Stears, M. 2013. Liberalism. In Freeden, M., Sargent, L. T., & Stears, M. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of political ideologies: 329–48. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, R. E. 1984. Strategic management: A stakeholder perspective. Boston: Pitman.Google Scholar
Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Palmar, B. L., & de Colle, S. 2010. Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, R. E., & Phillips, R. 2002. Stakeholder theory: A libertarian defense. Business Ethics Quarterly, 12(3): 331–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, M. 1962. Capitalism and freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, M. 1970. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine, September 13.Google Scholar
Fritsch, S. 2008. The UN Global Compact and the global governance of corporate social responsibility: Complex multilateralism for a more human globalisation? Global Society, 22(1): 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frynas, J. G., & Stephens, S. 2014. Political corporate social responsibility: Reviewing theories and setting new agendas. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17: 483–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garsten, C., & Jacobsson, K. 2013. Post-political regulation: Soft power and post-political visions in global governance. Critical Sociology, 39(3): 421–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geertz, C. 1973. The interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Ghoshal, S. 2005. Bad management theories are destroying good management practices. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 4(1): 75–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giamporcaro, S., Gond, J.-P., & O’Sullivan, N. 2020. Orchestrating governmental corporate social responsibility interventions through financial markets: The case of French socially responsible investment. Business Ethics Quarterly, 30(3): 288–334.Google Scholar
Goll, I., & Zeitz, G. 1991. Conceptualizing and measuring corporate ideology. Organization Studies, 12(2): 191–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gond, J.-P., Kang, N., & Moon, J. 2011. The government of self-regulation: On the comparative dynamics of corporate social responsibility. Economy and Society, 40(4): 640–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gond, J.-P., Mena, S., & Mosonyi, S. 2020. The performativity of literature reviewing: Constructing the corporate social responsibility literature through representation and intervention. Organizational Research Methods. DOI: 10.1177/1094428120935494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gond, J. P., & Nyberg, D. 2017. Materializing power to recover corporate responsibility. Organization Studies, 38(8): 1127–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gond, J. P., Palazzo, G., & Basu, K. 2009. Reconsidering instrumental corporate social responsibility through the Mafia metaphor. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(1): 57–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granovetter, M. 1985. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3): 481–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grayson, D., & Hodges, A. 2004. Corporate social opportunity! 7 steps to make corporate social responsibility work for your business. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf.Google Scholar
Habermas, J. 1998. Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Hafenbrädl, S., & Waeger, D. 2017. Ideology and the microfoundations of CSR: Why executives believe in the business case for CSR and how this affects their CSR engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 60(4): 1582–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanlon, G. 2008. Rethinking corporate social responsibility and the role of the firm: On the denial of politics. In Crane, A., Matten, D., & Moon, J. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility: 156–72. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haque, M. Z., & Azmat, F. 2015. Corporate social responsibility, economic globalization and developing countries: A case study of the ready made garments industry in Bangladesh. Sustainability Accounting, Management, and Policy Journal, 6(2): 166–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, D. 2005. A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayek, F. A. 1944/2007. The road to serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayek, F. A. 1960a. The constitution of liberty. Chicago: Gateway.Google Scholar
Hayek, F. A. 1960b. The corporation in a democratic society: In whose interest ought it and will it be run? In Ansoff, I. (Ed.), Business strategy: 225–39. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Henderson, D. 2001. Misguided virtue: False notions of corporate social responsibility. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.Google Scholar
Hoffman, A. J. 2012. Climate science as culture war. Working paper no. 1361, Ross School of Business, Ann Arbor, MI. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/136210/1361_Hoffman.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horan, D. 2019. A new approach to partnerships for SDG transformations. Sustainability, 11(18): 4947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussain, W., & Moriarty, J. 2018. Accountable to whom? Rethinking the role of corporations in political CSR. Journal of Business Ethics, 149: 519–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, G., & Apostolakou, A. 2010. Corporate social responsibility in Western Europe: An institutional mirror or substitute? Journal of Business Ethics, 94: 371–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M. C. 2002. Value maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. Business Ethics Quarterly, 12(2): 235–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3: 305–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, F., Zalan, T., Tse, H. H. M., & Shen, J. 2018. Mapping the relationship among political ideology, CSR mindset, and CSR strategy: A contingency perspective applied to Chinese managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 147: 419–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, R. 2014. Who has been regulating whom, business or society? The mid-20th-century institutionalization of “corporate responsibility” in the USA. Socio-Economic Review, 13(1): 125–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karnani, A. 2011. Doing well by doing good: The grand illusion. California Management Review, 53(2): 69–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keynes, J. M. 1964. The general theory of employment, interest, and money. New York: Harbinger.Google Scholar
Kinderman, D. 2011. “Free us up so we can be responsible!” The co-evolution of corporate social responsibility and neo-liberalism in the UK, 1977–2010. Socio-Economic Review, 10(1): 29–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, A., & Pucker, K. P. 2021. The dangerous allure of win–win strategies. Stanford Social Innovation Review, Winter. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_dangerous_allure_of_win_win_strategies#.Google Scholar
Knudsen, J. S., & Moon, J. 2019. Visible hands: Government regulation and international business responsibility. St Ives, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Knudsen, J. S., & Moon, J. 2021. Corporate social responsibility and government: The role of discretion for engagement with public policy. Business Ethics Quarterly. DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kourula, A., Moon, J., Salles-Djelic, M.-L., & Wickert, C. 2019. New roles of governments in the governance of business conduct: Implications for management and organizational research. Organization Studies, 40(8): 1101–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krippner, G. R., & Alvarez, A. S. 2007. Embeddedness and the intellectual projects of economic sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 33: 219–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krippner, G. R., Granovetter, M., Block, F., Biggart, N., Beamish, T., Hsing, Y., Hart, G., Arrighi, G., Mendell, M., Hall, J., Burawoy, M., Vogel, S., & O’Riain, S. 2004. Polanyi symposium: A conversation on embeddedness. Socio-Economic Review, 2: 109–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagoarde-Segot, T., & Paranque, B. 2018. Finance and sustainability: From ideology to utopia. International Review of Financial Analysis, 55: 80–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazzarato, M. 2009. Neoliberalism in action: Inequality, insecurity and the reconstitution of the social. Theory, Culture, and Society, 26(6): 109–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemke, T. 2001. The birth of bio-politics: Michel Foucault’s lecture at the Collège de France on neo-liberal governmentality. Economy and Society, 30(2): 190–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitt, T. 1958. The dangers of social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 36: 41–50.Google Scholar
Levy, D. L., & Kaplan, R. 2008. Corporate social responsibility and theories of global governance: Strategic contestation in global issue areas. In Crane, A., Matten, D., & Moon, J. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility: 432–51. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lund-Thomsen, P., & Lindgreen, A. 2014. Corporate social responsibility in global value chains: Where are we now and where are we going? Journal of Business Ethics, 123: 11–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mäkinen, J., & Kasanen, E. 2016. In defense of a regulated market economy. Journal of Global Ethics, 11(1): 99–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mäkinen, J., & Kourula, A. 2012. Pluralism in political corporate social responsibility. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22: 649–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mannheim, K. 1929/1991. Ideology and utopia: An introduction to the sociology of knowledge. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Marens, R. 2004. Wobbling on a one-legged stool: The decline of American pluralism and the academic treatment of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Academic Ethics, 2: 63–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolis, J. D., & Walsh, J. P. 2003. Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48: 268–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matten, D., & Crane, A. 2005a. Corporate citizenship: Toward an extended theoretical conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 30(1): 166–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matten, D., & Crane, A. 2005b. What is stakeholder democracy? Perspectives and issues. Business Ethics: A European Review, 14: 6–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matten, D., & Moon, J. 2008. “Implicit” and “explicit” CSR: A conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 33(4): 404–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matten, D., & Moon, J. 2020. Reflections on the 2018 decade award: The meaning and dynamics of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 45(1): 7–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. S. 2011. Creating and capturing value: Strategic corporate social responsibility, resource-based theory, and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 37(5): 1480–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mena, S., & Palazzo, G. 2012. Input and output legitimacy of multi-stakeholder initiatives. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22: 527–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Midttun, A. 2005. CSR: Realigning roles and boundaries between government, business and civil society. Journal of Corporate Governance, 5(3): 159–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirowski, P. 2009. Postface: Defining neoliberalism. In Mirowski, P. & Plehwe, D. (Eds.), The road from Mont Pèlerin: 417–55. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. 1997. Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4): 853–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mizruchi, M. S. 2013. The fracturing of the American corporate elite. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moncrieff, L. 2015. Karl Polanyi and the problem of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Law and Society, 42(3): 434–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moriarty, J. 2014. The connection between stakeholder theory and stakeholder democracy: An excavation and defense. Business and Society, 53(6): 820–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. 2003. Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies, 24(3): 403–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peloza, J. 2009. The challenge of measuring financial impacts from investments in corporate social performance. Journal of Management, 35(6): 1518–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polanyi, K. 1944/2001. The great transformation: The political and economic origins of our time. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Polanyi, K. 1957. Economy as instituted process. In Polanyi, K., Arenseberg, C. M., & Pearson, H. (Eds.), Trade and market in the early empires: Economies in history and theory: 243–70. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar
Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Porter, M. E. 1985. The competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Porter, M. E. 1998. Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, November–December, 77–90.Google Scholar
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. 2002. The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, December, 5–16.Google Scholar
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. 2006. Strategy and society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, December, 78–92.Google Scholar
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. 2011. Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, January–February, 62–78.Google Scholar
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. 2014. A response to Andrew Crane et al.’s article by Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer. California Management Review, 56(2): 149–51.Google Scholar
Preston, L. E., & Post, J. E. 1975. Private management and public policy: The principle of public responsibility. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Read, J. 2009. A genealogy of homo-economicus: Neoliberalism and the production of subjectivity. Foucault Studies, 6: 25–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richter, U. 2010. Liberal thought in reasoning on CSR. Journal of Business Ethics, 97: 625–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruggie, J. G. 1982. International regimes, transactions, and change: Embedded liberalism in the postwar economic order. International Organization, 36(2): 379–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruggie, J. G. 1997. Globalization and the embedded liberalism compromise: The end of an era? MPIfG Working Paper 97/1, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, Germany.Google Scholar
Ruggie, J. G. 2003. Taking embedded liberalism global: The corporate connection. In Held, D. & Koenig-Archibugi, M. (Eds.), Taming globalization: Frontiers of governance: 93–129. Cornwall, UK: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Ruggie, J. G. 2004. Reconstituting the global public domain: Issues, actors, and practices. European Journal of International Relations, 10(4): 499–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruggie, J. G. 2018. Multinationals as global institution: Power, authority and relative autonomy. Regulation and Governance, 12: 317–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabadoz, C., & Singer, A. 2017. Talk ain’t cheap: Political CSR and the challenges of corporate deliberation. Business Ethics Quarterly, 27(2): 183–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sachs, J. D. 2015. The age of sustainable development. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sadler, D., & Lloyd, S. 2009. Neo-liberalising corporate social responsibility: A political economy of corporate citizenship. Geoforum, 40: 613–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scherer, A. G. 2018. Theory assessment and agenda setting in political CSR: A critical theory perspective. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20: 387–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scherer, A. G., & Palazzo, G. 2007. Towards a political conception of corporate responsibility: Business and society seen from a Habermasian perspective. Academy of Management Review, 32(4): 1096–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scherer, A. G., & Palazzo, G. 2011. The new political role of business in a globalized world: A review of a new perspective on CSR and its implications for the firm, governance and democracy. Journal of Management Studies, 48(4): 899–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scherer, A. G., Palazzo, G., & Matten, D. 2009. Introduction to the special issue: Globalization as a challenge for business responsibilities. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(3): 327–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scherer, A. G., Rasche, A., Palazzo, G., & Spicer, A. 2016. Managing for political corporate social responsibility: New challenges and directions for PCSR 2.0. Journal of Management Studies, 53(3): 273–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, A., & Scherer, A. G. 2019. State governance beyond the “shadow of hierarchy”: A social mechanisms perspective on governmental CSR policies. Organization Studies, 40(8): 1147–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schrempf-Stirling, J. 2018. State power: Rethinking the role of the state in political corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 150: 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, M. S., & Carroll, A. B. 2008. Integrating and unifying competing and complementary frameworks: The search for a common core in the business and society field. Business and Society, 47(2): 148–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seeck, H., Sturdy, A., Boncori, A., & Fougere, M. 2019. Ideology in management studies. International Journal of Management Reviews, 22(1): 53–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamir, R. 2008. The Age of Responsibilization: On market-embedded morality. Economy and Society, 37(1): 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sjåfjell, B. 2018. Redefining the corporation for a sustainable new economy. Journal of Law and Society, 45(1): 29–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Somers, M. R., & Block, F. 2005. From poverty to perversity: Ideas, markets, and institutions over 200 years of welfare debate. American Sociological Review, 70(2): 260–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soundararajan, V., Brown, J. A., & Wicks, A. C. 2019. Can multi-stakeholder initiatives improve global supply chains? Improving deliberative capacity with a stakeholder orientation. Business Ethics Quarterly, 29(3): 385–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steurer, R. 2010. The role of governments in corporate social responsibility: Characterising public policies on CSR in Europe. Policy Science, 43: 49–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Utting, P. 2007. CSR and equality. Third World Quarterly, 28(4): 697–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallentin, S. 2015. Instrumental and political currents in the CSR debate: On the demise and (possible) resurgence of “ethics.” In Pullen, A. & Rhodes, C. (Eds.), The Routledge companion to ethics, politics and organizations: 13–31. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Vallentin, S., & Murillo, D. 2012. Governmentality and the politics of CSR. Organization, 19(6): 825–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallentin, S., & Murillo, D. 2019. CSR and the neoliberal imagination. In Sales, A. (Ed.), Corporate social responsibility and corporate change: Institutional and organizational perspectives: 43–59. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogel, D. 2005. The market for virtue: The potential and limits of corporate social responsibility. Harrisonburg, VA: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Vogel, D. 2010. The private regulation of global corporate conduct: Achievements and limitations. Business and Society, 49(1): 68–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walters, K. D. 1977. Corporate social responsibility and ideology. California Management Review, 19(3): 40–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whelan, G. 2012. The political perspective of corporate social responsibility: A critical research agenda. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(4): 709–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Economic Forum. 2019. Davos Manifesto 2020: The universal purpose of a company in the fourth industrial revolution. https://www.weforum.org/the-davos-manifesto.Google Scholar
Xu, S., & Liu, D. 2020. Political connections and corporate social responsibility: Political incentives in China. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29: 664–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeganeh, H. 2019. A critical examination of the social impacts of large multinational corporations in the age of globalization. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 16(3): 193–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, J., & Zhang, Y. 2012. Institutional dynamics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in an emerging country context: Evidence from China. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(2): 301–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zueva, A., & Fairbrass, J. 2021. Politicising government engagement with corporate social responsibility: “CSR” as an empty signifier. Journal of Business Ethics, 170: 635–55.Google Scholar