Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-05T02:35:39.209Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Industry associations, health innovation systems and politics of development: the cases of India and South Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Theo Papaioannou ,
Andrew Watkins ,
Dinar Kale  and
Julius Mugwagwa
Andrew Watkins
Affiliation:
The Open University, Development Policy and Practice, Milton Keynes, UK
Dinar Kale
Affiliation:
The Open University, Development Policy and Practice, Milton Keynes, UK
Julius Mugwagwa
Affiliation:
The Open University, Development Policy and Practice, Milton Keynes, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Over the last 20 years, developing countries have witnessed the increased role of non-governmental actors such as health industry associations and umbrella organizations in the diffusion and governance of health innovation. Utilizing extensive interviews with actors in the Indian and South African health industries, this paper argues that, in a context of emerging pluralism – i.e., a dynamic context of bargaining between competing (public and private) interests and values – these associations constitute public actors that play dual roles in the politics of innovation and development. Specifically, not only do they engage downstream by diffusing knowledge to their respective health innovation systems in order to achieve common objectives, they also engage upstream with their governments to co-develop policies and regulations. This dual role of health industry associations and umbrella organizations makes them less neutral politically but more effective institutionally, and their innovative and political role should be seriously taken into account in the healthcare sector.

Type
Research articles
Information
Business and Politics , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , August 2015 , pp. 253 - 289
Copyright
Copyright © V.K. Aggarwal 2015 and published under exclusive license to Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ABLE. 2012. “Enterprise Builiding & Innovation” Workshop conducted by ABLE in oartnership with the Department of Biotechnology. Bangalore: India, 25 January. Accessed February 24, 2015. http://www.ableindia.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/report-enterprise-building-innovation.pdf.Google Scholar
Abuduxike, Gulifeiya, and Aljunid, Syed Mohamed. 2012. “Development of Health Biotechnology in Developing Countries: Can Private-Sector Players be the Prime Movers?” Biotechnology Advances 30 (6): 1589–1601.Google Scholar
Amsden, Alice. 1989. Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialisation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Arrighi, Giovanni, Aschoff, Nicole, and Scully, Ben. 2010. “Accumulation by Dispossession and Its Limits: The Southern African Paradigm Revisited.” Studies in Comparative International Development 45 (4): 410–438.Google Scholar
Athreye, Suma, and Chaturvedi, Sachin. 2007. “Industry Associations and Technology-based Growth in India.” European Journal of Development Research 19 (1): 156–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, Michael, and Coleman, William. 1989. “Strong States and Weak States: Sectoral Policy Networks in Advanced Capitalist Economies.” British Journal of Political Science 19 (1): 47–67.Google Scholar
Baines, Paul, and Viney, Howard. 2009. “The Unloved Relationship? Dynamic Capabilities and Political-Market Strategy.” Journal of Public Affairs 10 (4): 258–264.Google Scholar
Basile, Elisabetta, and Harris-White, Barbara. 2000. “Corporative Capitalism: Civil Society and Politics of Accumulation in Small Town India.” Working Paper No.38, QEH Working Paper Series, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
BioSpectrum. 2013. “ABLE Realises Indian Biotech Roardmap.” http://www.biospectrumasia.com/biospectrum/news/174075/able-releases-indian-biotech-roadmap.Google Scholar
Bouwen, Pieter. 2002. “Corporate Lobbying in the European Union: the Logic of Access.” Journal of European Public Policy 9 (3): 365–390.Google Scholar
Calì, Massimiliano, and Sen, Kunal. 2011. “Do Effective State Business Relations Matter for Economic Growth? Evidence from India States.” World Development 39 (9): 1542–1557.Google Scholar
Cavazos, David, and Szyliowicz, Dara. 2011. “How Industry Associations Suppress Threatening Innovation: the Case of US Recording Industry.” Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 23 (5): 473–487.Google Scholar
Cawson, Alan. 1982. Corporative and Welfare: Social Policy and State Intervention in Britain. London: Heinemann Educational Books.Google Scholar
Chataway, Joanna, Chaturvedi, Kaplana, Hanlin, Becky, Mugwagwa, Julius, Smith, James, and Wield, David. 2009. “Building the Case for Systems of Health Innovation in Africa.” In Science, Technology and Innovation for Public Health in Africa, edited by Kalua, Feston, Awaotedu, Abolade, Kamwanja, Leondard and Saka, John. Pretoria South Africa: NEPAD Office of Science and Technology.Google Scholar
Chaturvedi, Sachin. 2007. “Indian Innovation Systems and Emergence of Biopharmaceutical Sector: Issues and Prospects.” Development Economics Working Papers 22090. East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Cloete, Thomas, Nel, Louis, and Theron, Jacques. 2006. “Biotechnology in South Africa.” TRENDS in Biotechnology 24 (12): 557–562.Google Scholar
Corbridge, Stuart. 2009. “The Political Economy of Development in India since Independence.” In Handbook of South Asian Politics, edited by Brass, B. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Correa, Carlos, and Matthews, Duncan. 2011. “The Doha Declaration Ten Years on and its Impact on Access to Medicines and the Right to Health.” Discussion Paper, United Nations Development Programme. Accessed February 24, 2015. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/hivaids/Discussion_Paper_Doha_Declaration_Public_Health.pdf.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert. 1989. Democracy and its Critics. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Doner, Richard, and Schneider, Ben. 2000. “Business Associations and Economic Development: Why Some Associations Contribute More Than Others.” Business and Politics 2 (3): 261–288.Google Scholar
Doner, Richard, Hicken, Allen, and Ritchie, Bryan. 2009. “Political Challenges of Innovation in the Developing World.” Review of Policy Research 26 (1–2): 151–171.Google Scholar
DTI. 2013. Draft National Policy on Intellectual Property, 2013. Department of Trade and Industry, Republic of South African. Accessed February 24, 2015. http://ip-unit.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/DRAFT-IP-POLICY.pdf.Google Scholar
Edquist, Charles. 1997. “Systems of Innovation Approaches: Their Emergence and Characteristics.” In Systems of Innovation; Growth, Competitiveness and Employment. Vol. 1, edited by Edquist, C. and Mckelvery, M. Cheltemham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Evans, Peter. 1995. Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Evans, Peter. 2014. “The Capability Enhancing Developmental State: Concepts and National Trajectories.” In The South Korean Development Experience: Beyond Aid, edited by Mee Kim, Eun and Kim, Pil Ho. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
FICCI. 2013. “Millennium Alliance: Inspiring Innovation, Sharing Solutions.” Accessed February 24, 2015. www.milleniumalliance.in.Google Scholar
FICCI, and USAID. 2014. Science, Technology, Innovation and Partnership Showcase. New Delhi: FICCI.Google Scholar
Fioramonti, Lorenzo. 2005. “Civil Society and Democratisation: Assumptions, Dilemmas and the South African Experience.” Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory 107: 65–88.Google Scholar
Foray, Dominique. 2003. “On the Provision of Industry-Specific Public Goods: Revisiting a Policy Process.” In Science and Innovation, edited by Geuna, A., Salter, A. and Steinmueller, W. E. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Freeman, Chris. 1995. “The National Innovation Systems in Historical Perspective.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 19 (1): 5–24.Google Scholar
Freeman, Chris, and Soete, Luke. 1997. The Economics of Industrial Innovation. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. 1995. “Coase Revisited: Business Groups in Modern Economy.” Industrial and Corporate Change 4 (1): 93–130.Google Scholar
Greenwood, Royston, and Hinings, C. R. 1996. “Understanding Radical Organizational Change: Bringing Together the Old and the New Institutionalism.” Academy of Management Review 21 (4): 1022–1054.Google Scholar
Halpin, Darren, Daugbjerg, Carsten, and Schartzman, Yonatan. 2011. “Interest Group Capacities and Infant Industry Development: State-sponsored Growth in Organic Farming.” International Political Science Review 32 (2): 147–166.Google Scholar
Heller, Patrick. 2011. “Towards a Sociological Perspective on Democratisation in the Global South: Lessons from Brazil, India and South Africa.” Paper prepared for the Comparative Research Workshop, Yale University.Google Scholar
Herstatt, Cornelius, Tiwari, Rajnish, and Ernst, Dieter. 2008. “India's National Innovation System: Key Elements and Corporate Perspectives.” East-West Centre Working Papers, Economic Series, No. 96. Honolulu: East-West Centre. Accessed February 24, 2015. http://global-innovation.net/publications/PDF/econwp096_1.pdf.Google Scholar
Hickey, Samuel. 2008. “The Return of Politics in Development Studies I: Getting Lost within the Poverty Agenda?” Progress in Development Studies 8 (4): 349–358.Google Scholar
Houtzager, Peter, and Moore, Mick. eds. 2003. Changing Paths: International Development and Politics of Inclusion. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
IMSA. 2012. Innovative Medicines South Africa: Quality Medicines, Values Healthcare Solutions. Brochure. Innovative Medicines South Africa.Google Scholar
Intarakumnerd, Patarapong, and Charoenporn, Peera. 2013. “The Role of Intermediaries and their Capabilities Development in Sectoral Innovation Systems: A Case Study of Thailand.” Asian Journal of Technology Innovation 21 (S2): 99–114.Google Scholar
IPASA. 2013. Draft on National Policy on Intellectual Property, 2013: Submission by Innovative Pharmaceutical Association of South Africa (IPASA). Accessed February 24, 2015. http://ipasa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Copy-of-IPASA-submission-on-the-draft-national-policy-on-IP-final-131016.pdf.Google Scholar
Jesperesen, Kristjan Johannes Suse. 2008. “Business Associations, Clusters and Economic Liberalisation in Developing Countries: A Contextual Analysis.” , Copenhagen Business School. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School.Google Scholar
Kathuria, Vinish, Raj, Rajesh, and Sen, Kunal. 2013. “Institution of State-Business Relation and Its Impact on Manufacturing Productivity Growth in India: A Post-reform Analysis.” South Asia Economic Journal 14 (1): 83–108.Google Scholar
Kimenyi, Mwangi. 1989. “Interest Groups, Transfer Seeking and Democratisation.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 48 (3): 339–349.Google Scholar
Kochanek, Stanley. 1995–1996. “The Transformation of Interest Politics in India.” Journal of Pacific Affairs 68 (4): 529–550.Google Scholar
Kohli, Atul, ed. 2001. The Success of India's Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Korenblit, Jason. 2006. “Biotechnology Innovations in Developing Nations.” Biotechnology Healthcare 3 (1): 55–58.Google Scholar
Krishna, Vijesh. 2013. “India.” In BRICS: the Role of the State, edited by Scerri, M. and Lastres, M. M. London: Raoutledge.Google Scholar
Leftwich, Adrian. 2004. “The Political Approach to Human Behaviour: People, Resources and Power.” In What is Politics? edited by Leftwich, A. Oxford: Polity.Google Scholar
Leftwich, Adrian. 2006. “Politics in Command: Development Studies and the Recovery of Social Science.” New Political Economy 10 (4): 537–607.Google Scholar
Leftwich, Adrian. 2009. “Analysing the Politics of State-Business Relations.” Institutions and Pro-Poor Growth (IPPG) Discussion Paper Series 23. Manchester: IPPG.Google Scholar
Lehman, Howard. 2008. “The Emergence of Civil Society Organizations in South Africa.” Journal of Public Affairs 8 (1–2): 115–127.Google Scholar
Lucas, John. 1997. “The Politics of Business Associations in the Developing World.” The Journal of Developing Areas 32 (1): 71–96.Google Scholar
Lundvall, Bengt-Åke, ed. 1992. National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinter.Google Scholar
Lyall, Catherin, and Tait, Joyce. 2005. “Shifting Policy Debates and the Implications for Governance.” In New Modes of Governance, edited by Lyall, C. and Tait, J. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Lyall, Catherine, Papaioannou, Theo, and Smith, James. 2009. “The Challenge of Policy-making for the New Life Sciences.” In The Limits to Governance: the Challenge of Policy-making for the New Life Sciences, edited by Lyall, C., Papaioannouand, T. Smith, J. Farnham: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Mackintosh, Maureen. 1992. “Introduction.” In Development Policy and Public Action, edited by Wuyts, M., Mackintosh, M. and Hewitt, T. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mahoney, Christine. 2007. “Lobbying Success in the United States and the European Union.” Journal of Public Policy 27 (1): 35–56.Google Scholar
Mahoney, Richard, and Morel, Carlos. 2006. “A Global Health Innovation System (GHIS).” Innovation Strategy Today 2 (1): 1–12.Google Scholar
Malerba, Franco, ed. 2004. Sectoral Systems of Innovation: Concepts, Issues and Analyses of Six Major Sectors in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Malerba, Franco, and Orsenigo, Luigi. 2002. “Innovation and Market Structure in the Dynamics of the Pharmaceutical Industry and Biotechnology: Towards a History-Friendly Model.” Industrial and Corporate Change 11 (4): 667–703.Google Scholar
Maxfield, S., and Schneider, B. R., eds. 1997. Business and the State in Developing Countries. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Moore, Mick, and Hamalai, Ladi. 1993. “Economic Liberalisation, Political Pluralism, and Business Association in Developing Countries.” World Development 21 (12): 1895–1912.Google Scholar
Mueller, Janice. 2007. “The Tiger Awakens: the Tumultuous Transformation of India's Patent System and the Rise of Indian Pharmaceutical Onnovation.” University of Pittsburgh Law Review 68 (3): 491–641.Google Scholar
Mugabe, John. 2005. “Health Innovation Systems in Developing Countries: Strategies for Building Scientific and Technological Capacities.” Paper prepared for the Commission on Intellectual Property, Innovation and Public Health, Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Muñiz-Fraticelli, Victor. 2014. “The Problem of Pluralist Authority.” Political Studies 62 (3): 556–572.Google Scholar
Nadvi, Khalid. 1999. “Facing the New Competition: Business Associations in Developing Country Industrial Clusters.” Discussion Paper, Business and Society Programme, Institute of Development Studies. Sussex: University of Sussex.Google Scholar
Nelson, Richard, ed. 1993. National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nelson, Joan. 2000. The Politics of Social Sector Reforms. Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council.Google Scholar
Niosi, Jorge, Savioti, Paolo, Bellon, Bertrand, and Crow, Michael. 1993. “National Systems of Innovation: In Search of Workable Concept.” Technology in Society 15 (2): 207–227.Google Scholar
Nyang'oro, Julius. 1986. “On the Concept of Corporatism and the African State.” Studies in Comparative International Development 21 (4): 831–834.Google Scholar
Olson, M. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Olson, M. 1982. The Rise and Decline of Nations. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
OPPI. 2013. OPPI in Media 2010 till Today. Mumbai: Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India. Accessed February 24, 2015. http://www.capitalmarket.com/prebudget/2013-2014/News/OPPI%20in%20Media_new.pdf.Google Scholar
OPPI. 2014. 48th Annual Report 2013–14. Mumbai: Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India. Accessed February 24, 2015. http://www.indiaoppi.com/sites/default/files/PDF%20files/OPPI%20Annual%20Report%202013-14.pdf.Google Scholar
Papaioannou, Theo. 2011. “Technological Innovation, Global Justice and Politics of Development.” Progress in Development Studies 11 (4): 321–338.Google Scholar
PIASA. 2009. Annual Report 2009. Vorna Valley: Pharmaceutical Industry Association of South Africa. Accessed February 24, 2015. http://www.mm3admin.co.za/documents/docmanager/2d5ed792-878c-4371-9575-8281a96bbb26/00001095.pdf.Google Scholar
Scott, Richard. 1992. Organizations: Rational, Natural and Open Systems. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall.Google Scholar
Sen, Kunal. 2013. “The Political Dynamics of Economic Growth.” World Development 47: 71–86.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam. 2003 [1776]. The Wealth of Nations, Books I–III. London: Penguin Classics.Google Scholar
Srinivas, Smita. 2012. Market Menagerie: Health and Development in Late Industrial States. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Velde, Te, Willem, Dirk. 2013. “State-Business Relations and Industrial Policy: Current Policy and Research Debates.” Growth Research Programme. London: Overseas Development Institute. Accessed February 24, 2015. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5167f6a2e4b0f1cbdee8d1c0/t/520bbceee4b0835de583c34f/1376500974972/DEGRP+Policy+Essays+State-business+relations+and+industrial+policy.pdf.Google Scholar
Teece, David, and Pisano, Gary. 1994. “The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms.” Industrial and Corporate Change 3 (3): 537–556.Google Scholar
Tsebelis, George. 2002. Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Watkins, Andrew, Theo, Papaioannou, Dinar, Kale, and Julius, Mugwagwa. (2014) “National Innovation Systems, Developing Countries, and the Role of Intermediaries: A Critical Review of Literature.” IKD Working Paper 70, The Open University. Accessed February 26, 2015. http://www.open.ac.uk/ikd/documents/working-papers/ikd-working-paper-70.pdf.Google Scholar
Westerhaus, Michael, and Castro, Arachu. 2006. “How Do Intellectual Property Law and International Trade Agreements Affect Access to Antiretroviral Therapy?.” PLoS Medicine 3 (8): 1230–1236.Google Scholar
White, Gordon. 1993. “Towards Political Analysis of Markets.” IDS Bulletin 24 (3): 4–11.Google Scholar
Williams, Glyn. 2004. “Towards a Repoliticisation of Participatory Development: Political Capabilities and Spaces of Empowerment.” In From Tyranny to Transformation? Exploring New Approaches to Participation, edited by Hickey, S. and Mohan, G. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Wilson, Dominic, and Purushothaman, Roopa. 2003. “Dreaming with BRICs: the Path to 2050.” Goldman Sachs, Global Economic Paper No. 99. New York: Goldman Sachs.Google Scholar
WTO. 2001. Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health. Geneva: World Trade Organization. Accessed February 24, 2015. http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_trips_e.htm.Google Scholar
Yadar, Vineeta. 2008. “Business Lobbies and Policymaking in Developing Countries: the Contrasting Cases of India and China.” Journal of Public Affairs 8 (1–2): 67–82.Google Scholar