Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T01:06:28.529Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Flirtation with the other: an examination of the processes of othering in the Pali Vinaya

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2016

Claire Maes*
Affiliation:
Ghent University, Belgium

Abstract

This article identifies and examines processes of othering in an early Indian Buddhist ascetic text, the Pali Vinaya of the Theravādins. By means of: (1) a critical discussion of the fact that the Pali Vinaya holds several terms for the early Buddhists' ascetic others; and (2) a close reading and analysis of a small group of – easily overlooked – Pali Vinaya passages with explicit references to supposed practices of the early Buddhists' ascetic others, I make explicit two aspects of the processes of othering of the early Buddhist ascetic community. I show how through processes of othering Buddhist bhikkhus, or at the very least the monk-editors of the Pali Vinaya, both negotiated a collective identity notion, and reflected on the significance of their own practices and values in direct relation to those of their ascetic others, whether real or imagined.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © SOAS, University of London 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Basham, A.L. (1951) 1981. History and Doctrines of the Ājīvikas, a Vanished Indian Religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.Google Scholar
Bronkhorst, Johannes. 2000. “The riddle of the Jainas and Ājīvikas in early Buddhist literature”, Journal of Indian Philosophy 28, 511–29.Google Scholar
Bronkhorst, Johannes. 2002. “Ājīvika doctrine reconsidered”, in Balcerowicz, P. and Mejor, M. (eds), Essays in Jaina Philosophy and Religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 153–78.Google Scholar
Clarke, Shayne. 2009. “Monks who have sex: Pārājika penance in Indian Buddhist monasticism”, Journal of Indian Philosophy 37, 143.Google Scholar
Clarke, Shayne. 2014. Family Matters in Indian Buddhist Monasticism. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Collins, Steven. 1990. “On the very idea of the Pali canon”, Journal of the Pali Text Society 15, 89126.Google Scholar
Cort, John E. 1990. “Models of and for the study of the Jains”, Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 2/1, 4271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cort, John E. (1998) 1999. “Introduction. Contested Jain identities of self and other”, in Cort, John E. (ed.), Open Boundaries. Jain Communities and Culture in Indian History. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 114.Google Scholar
Deeg, Max 2013. “Religiöse Identität durch Differenz und Abrenzungsdiskurs als indirekte Anerkennung von Gemeinsamkeit: chinesisch-buddhistische Apologetik und ihr “Religionsbegriff”, in Schalk, Peter, (chief ed.), Religion in Asien? Studien zur Anwendbarkeit des Religionsbegriffs (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Historia Religionum 32.). Uppsala: Uppsala Universiteit, 203–24.Google Scholar
Dutt, Sukumar. (1924) 1996. Early Buddhist Monachism. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.Google Scholar
Folkert, Kendall W. and Cort, John E. (eds). (1975–89) 1993. Scripture and Community: Collected Essays on the Jains. Atlanta: Scholars Press.Google Scholar
Folkert, Kendall W. (1989) 1993. “Jain religious life at ancient Mathurā: the heritage of late-Victorian interpretation”, in Folkert, Kendall W. and Cort, John E. (eds), Scripture and Community: Collected Essays on the Jains. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 95112.Google Scholar
Folkert, Kendall W. (1975–1980) 1993. “Jain studies”, in Folkert, Kendall W. and Cort, John E. (eds), Scripture and Community: Collected Essays on the Jains. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 2333.Google Scholar
Freiberger, Oliver. 1997. “Zur Verwendungsweise der Bezeichnung paribbājaka im Pāli-Kanon”, in Bechert, H., Bretfeld, S. and Kieffer-Pülz, P. (eds), Untersuchungen zur buddhistischen Literatur (Zweite Folge). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 121–30.Google Scholar
Freiberger, Oliver. 1998. “The ideal sacrifice. Patterns of reinterpreting Brahmin sacrifice in early Buddhism”, Bulletin D’Études Indiennes 16, 3949.Google Scholar
Green, William Scott. 1985. “Otherness within: towards a theory of difference in rabbinic Judaism”, in Neusner, Jacob and Frerichs, Ernest S. (eds), “To See Ourselves as Others See Us” Christian, Jews, “Others” in Late Antiquity. Chicago and California: Scholar Press, 4969.Google Scholar
Hallisey, Charles. 1990. “Apropos the Pāli Vinaya as a historical document: a reply to Gregory Schopen”, Journal of the Pali Text Society 15, 197208.Google Scholar
Hallisey, Charles. 1995. “Roads taken and not taken in the study of Theravāda Buddhism”, in Lopez, Donald S. (ed.), Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism under Colonialism. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 3162.Google Scholar
von Hinüber, Oskar. 1996. A Handbook of Pāli Literature (Indian Philology and South Asian Studies, Volume 2.). Berlin and New York: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
von Hinüber, Oskar. 1999. Das Pātimokkhasutta der Theravādin: Studien zur Literatur des Theravāda-Buddhismus II. (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 6.). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.Google Scholar
Holt, John. (1981, 19952) 1999. Discipline. The Canonical Buddhism of the Vinayapiṭaka. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.Google Scholar
Horner, Isaline Blew (tr.). 1997–2006 [1879–83]. The Book of the Discipline. Lancaster: The Pali Text Society.Google Scholar
Jacobi, Hermann. (1884) 1989. Jaina Sūtras. Part I: The Ākārāṅga Sūtra. The Kalpa Sūtra. (The Sacred Books of the East 22.) Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.Google Scholar
Kieffer-Pülz, Petra. 2014. “What the Vinayas can tell us about law”, in French, Rebecca Redwood and Nathan, Mark, Buddhism and Law. An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
King, Richard. (1999) 2008. Orientalism and Religion: Postcolonial Theory, India and “the Mystic East”. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kippenberg, Hans G. 2002. Discovering Religious History in the Modern Age. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Krämer, Martin, Oesterle, Jenny and Vodermark, Ulrike (eds). 2010. “Labelling of the religious self and others: reciprocal perceptions of Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, and Confucians in medieval and early modern times”, Zeitschrift für Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung 20, Heft 4.Google Scholar
Krech, Volkhard. 2000. “From historicism to functionalism: the rise of scientific approaches to religions around 1900 and their socio-cultural context”, Numen 47/3, 244–65.Google Scholar
Leumann, Ernst (ed.). 1932. The Dasaveyāliya Sutta. Edited and Translated, with Introduction and Notes by Dr. Walther Schubring. Ahmedabad: The Managers of Seth Anandji Kalianji.Google Scholar
Lindquist, Steven E. (ed.). 2011. Religion and Identity in South Asia and Beyond: Essays in Honour of Patrick Olivelle. London, New York and Delhi: Anthem Press.Google Scholar
Lopez, Donald S. (ed.). 1995. Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism under Colonialism. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Maes, Claire. 2010–11. “One-sensed facultied life (ekindriya jīva) in the Pāli Vinaya: a camouflaged debate between early Buddhists and Jains”, Bulletin D’Études Indiennes 28–29, 85–104.Google Scholar
Neusner, Jacob and Frerichs, Ernest S. (eds). 1985. “To See Ourselves as Others See Us” Christian, Jews, “Others” in Late Antiquity. Chicago and California: Scholar Press.Google Scholar
Nolot, Edith. 1994. “Textes de discipline bouddhique: Les Sūtra-Vibhaṅga ou ‘Classification des sūtra”, in Balbir, Nalini (ed.), Genres Littéraires en Inde. Paris: Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, 103–21.Google Scholar
Norman, K.R. 1980. “The dialects in which the Buddha preached”, in Norman, K.R., Collected Papers Volume II. Oxford: The Pali Text Society, 1981, 128–47.Google Scholar
Norman, K.R. 1989. “The Pāli language and scriptures”, in Norman, K.R., Collected Papers Volume IV. Oxford: The Pali Text Society, 1993, 92123.Google Scholar
Schlingloff, Dieter. 1964. “Zur Interpretation des Prātimokṣasūtra”, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 113, 536–51.Google Scholar
Schopen, Gregory. 1991. “Archaeology and Protestant presuppositions in the study of Indian Buddhism”, History of Religions 31/1, 123.Google Scholar
Schopen, Gregory. 1997. Bones, Stones, and Buddhist Monks. Collected Papers on the Archaeology, Epigraphy, and Texts of Monastic Buddhism in India. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Schubring, Walther (ed. and trans.). 1905. “Das Kalpa-Sūtra: Die alte Sammlung jinistischer Mönchsvorschriften. Einleitung, Text, Anmerkungen, Übersetzung, Glossar”, in Schubring, Walther, Kleine Schriften Herausgegeben von Klaus Bruhn (Glasenapp-Stiftung Band 13.), 267.Google Scholar
Smith, Jonathan Z. (1985) 2004. “What a difference a difference makes”, in Smith, Jonathan Z., Relating Religion: Essays in the Study of Religion. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2004, 251302.Google Scholar
Smith, Jonathan Z. (1992) 2004. “Differential equations: on constructing the other”, in Smith, Jonathan Z., Relating Religion: Essays in the Study of Religion. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2004, 230–50.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, Judith. 2007. “Defining modern Buddhism: Mr. and Mrs. Rhys Davids and the Pāli Text Society”, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 27, 186202.Google Scholar
Trenckner, V. (ed.) (1888) 1948. The Majjhima-Nikāya Vol. I (Pali Text Society). London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tweed, Thomas A. 2011. “Theory and method in the study of Buddhism: toward ‘translocative’ analysis”, Journal of Global Buddhism 12, 1732.Google Scholar
Warder, Anthony Kennedy. 1967. Pali Metre. A Contribution to the History of Indian Literature. Oxford: Luzac and Company.Google Scholar
Witkowski, Nicholas (forthcoming). “Pāṃśukūlika as a standard practice in the Vinaya”, in Rules of Engagement: Medieval Traditions of Buddhist Monastic Regulation. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press.Google Scholar