Disturbances in western Afghanistan, 1839–41

M. E. Yapp

doi:10.1017/S0041977X00064685

Disturbances in western Afghanistan, 1839–41

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009

M. E. Yapp

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The subject matter of this article is the disturbances which took place in the area under the control of the government of Qandahar. Between 1839 and 1841 Qandahar formed part of the dominions of Shāh Shuj¯ʻ al-Mulk and its government was nominally carried on by two of his sons, Fatḥ Jang (1839–40) and Muḥammad Tīmūr (1840–2). But in practice the day-to-day management of the government, outside the town of Qandahar, was conducted by the Pārsīwān revenue officials, who had been inherited from the Bārakzais, and who were under the control of the British Political Agent, who in turn was subordinate to Sir William Macnaghten, the Envoy and Minister with Shāh Shujāʻ.

Type: Articles
Information: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , June 1963 , pp. 288 - 313

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00064685 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1963

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References

^{page 288 note 1} For the background to the subject of this article and a note on the sources see the author's former article, ‘Disturbances in eastern Afghanistan, 1839–42’, BSOAS, XXV, 3, 1962, 499–523Google Scholar.

^{page 288 note 2} El (first ed.); Macgregor, C. M. (ed.), Central Asia. Part II. Afghanistan, Calcutta, 1871Google Scholar; Elphinstone, M., Account of the kingdom of Caubul, 2vols., London, 1839, II, 328–31Google Scholar; Lumsden, H. B., Mission to Kandahar, Calcutta, 1860, 66Google Scholar; J. S. Broadfoot, Report, 19 Jan. 1840, Public Record Office 30/12/26/1; R. Leech, Report on Qandahar, 1 Jan. 1838, Enclosures to Secret Letters from India (ESL), vol. 50, No. 46 of No. 18 of 13 Aug. 1838 (India Office Library, at the Commonwealth Relations Office); Masson, C., Narrative of various journeys in Baluchistan, Afghanistan and the Panjab 1826–38, 3 vols., London, 1842, II, 279–96Google Scholar; Masson, Report, European MSS (10), 640, Section 20, ff. 1–3; J. Lynch, Report, 5 Feb. 1841, ESL, 78, No. 53 of No. 58 of 8 July 1841.

^{page 289 note 1} Torrens to Burnes 31 Dec. 1838, ESL, 57, No. 804 of No. 18 of 11 July 1839 (President in Council).

^{page 289 note 2} Outram, J., Rough notes of the campaign in Sinde and Afghanistan in 1838–39, Bombay, 1840, 88Google Scholar.

^{page 289 note 3} Outram, op. cit., 87.

^{page 289 note 4} Maenaghten to Maddock 22 July 1839, ESL, 63, No. 2 of No. 37 of 16 Deo. 1839.

^{page 289 note 5} Outram, op. cit., 95–7.

^{page 289 note 6} Maenaghten to Outram 25 Aug. 1839, ESL, 64, No. 44 of No. 2 of 8 Jan. 1840; Outram,: Memo., 3 Sept. 1839, Ibid.

^{page 289 note 7} Outram to Maenaghten 23 Sept. 1839 and 27 Sept. 1839, ESL, 66, No. 33 of No. 9 of j 10 Feb. 1840; Outram to Maenaghten 7 Oct. 1839 and 10 Oct. 1839, ESL, 63, No. 3 of No. 46 of 12 Dec. 1839; Outram, op. cit., 123–37.

^{page 290 note 1} Lynch, Statement of services, 22 June 1841, ESL, 80, No. 30 of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841.

^{page 290 note 2} Leech to Macnaghten 3 Apr. 1840, ESL, 69, No. 22 of No. 64 of 8 June 1840.

^{page 290 note 3} Leech to Macnaghten 22 Mar. 1840, ESL, 69, No. 22 of No. 64 of 8 June 1840.

^{page 290 note 4} Cotton to Maddock 20 May 1840, ESL, 69, No. 51 of No. 72 of 6 July 1840.

^{page 290 note 5} ESL, 69, No. 55 of No. 72 of 6 July 1840.

^{page 290 note 6} Anderson to Ripley 16 May 1840, ESL, 69, No. 49 of No. 72 of 6 July 1840; Stocqueler, J. H., Life of Sir William Nott, 2vols., London, 1854, I, 175–6Google Scholar.

^{page 290 note 7} Nicolson to Macnaghten 7 June 1840, Wallace to Douglas 9 June 1840, ESL, 70, Nos. 22 and 32 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840; Nicolson to Macnaghten 14 June 1840, ESL, 70, No. 119 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840.

^{page 291 note 1} 1 Macnaghten to Torrens 6 Sept. 1840, ESL, 71, No. 47 of No. 112 of 16 Oct. 1840; Rawlinson to Lynch 17 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 4 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 291 note 2} Leech to Macnaghten 9 June 1840, and enclosures, ESL, 70, Nos. 117 and 118 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840.

^{page 291 note 3} Nicolson to Macnaghten 14 June 1840, ESL, 70, No. 119 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840.

^{page 291 note 4} Leech to Macnaghten 3 Apr. 1840, ESL, 69, No. 22 of No. 64 of 8 June 1840.

^{page 291 note 5} Leech to Nicolson 2 June 1840, ESL, 70, No. 120 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840.

^{page 291 note 6} Leech to Nicolson 17 June 1840, ESL, 70, No. 120 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840. There is a reference to this incident in Stocqueler, op. cit., I, pp. 177–8, n. According to this, various Qandahar chiefs, including, by implication, Atā Muḥammad, had urged the Ghilzais to draw the bulk of the troops out of Qandahar so that the remainder might be massacred.

^{page 292 note 1} 1 Leech to Macnaghten 17 June 1840, ESL, 70, No. 120 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840.

^{page 292 note 2} Leech to Macnaghten 20 June 1840, ESL, 70, No. 121 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840.

^{page 292 note 3} Ibid.

^{page 292 note 4} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 20 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 4 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 292 note 5} Nott said that Shāh Shujāʻ personally disliked Sulṭān Muḥammad Khān and that he goaded the Ghilzai chief into rebellion; Stocqueler, op. cit., I, 193.

^{page 292 note 6} Nicolson to Cotton 8 May 1840, Stocqueler, op. cit., I, 181–3; Anderson to Eipley 17 May 1840, ESL, 69, No. 53 of No. 72 of 6 July 1840; Leech to Macnaghten 9 June 1840, ESL, 70, No. 117 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840.

^{page 292 note 7} Nicolson to Macnaghten 3 July 1840, Nott to Nicolson 2 July 1840, Nott to Cotton 15 July 1840, ESL, 70, No. 27 of No. 99 of 13 Sept. 1840. Correspondence reprinted in Stocqueler, op. cit., I, 196–219. Nott claimed that the activities of the section of the force sent from Kabul had ‘done all in their power to goad the people into open rebellion’. The leader of the Kabul force blamed the plundering on Nott's troops. See Wallace to Nicolson 28 Sept. 1840, Lieut. J. F. Pattenson to Nicolson 28 Sept. 1840, ESL, 76, No. 77 of No. 41 of 24 May 1841.

^{page 293 note 1} 1 Lynch, Statement of services, 22 June 1841, ESL, 80, No. 30 of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841.

^{page 293 note 2} Lynch to Macnaghten 1 Dec. 1840, ESL, 80, No. 30 of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841.

^{page 293 note 3} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 20 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 4 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 293 note 4} Macnaghten to Rawlinson 30 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 4 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 293 note 5} Macnaghten to Rawlinson 20 Feb. 1841, ESL, 78, No. 53 of No. 58 of 8 July 1841.

^{page 293 note 6} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 19 Feb. 1841, Macnaghten to Rawlinson 28 Feb. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 36 of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841.

^{page 293 note 7} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 19 Feb. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 36 of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841.

^{page 293 note 8} Lynch to Rawlinson 13 Feb. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 35 of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841.

^{page 294 note 1} 1 Rawlinson to Macnaghten 17 Mar. 1841, ESL, 76, No. 16 of No. 3 of 12 May 1841.

^{page 294 note 2} Lynch to Rawlinson 6 Apr. 1841, Rawlinson to Macnaghten 8 Apr. 1841, ESL, 76, No. 17a of No. 37 of 12 May 1841.

^{page 294 note 3} Lynch to Rawlinson 8 Apr. 1841 and enclosure, ESL, 76, No. 17a of No. 37 of 12 May 1841.

^{page 294 note 4} Lynch to Rawlinson 23 Apr. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 17b of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 294 note 5} Lynch to Rawlinson 18 May 1841, ESL, 78, No. 20 of No. 58 of 8 July 1841.

^{page 294 note 6} Report of action in Macan to Lawrence, 1 May 1841, ESL, 77, No. 17d of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 294 note 7} Lynch to Rawlinson 1 May 1841, ESL, 77, No. 17e of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 295 note 1} Lynch to Rawlinson 9 May 1841, ESL, 77, No. 44 of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 295 note 2} Lynch to Macnaghten 3 May 1841, ESL, 77, No. 17e of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 295 note 3} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 22 May 1841, ESL, 78, No. 22 of No. 58 of 8 July 1841.

^{page 295 note 4} Lynch to Rawlinson 31 May 1841, ESL, 78, No. 26 of No. 58 of 8 July 1841.

^{page 295 note 5} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 7 June 1841, ESL, 79, No. 53 of No. 68 of 20 Aug. 1841;v Macnaghten to Rawlinson 8 May 1841, ESL, 77, No. 17e of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 295 note 6} Lt.-Col. G. P. Wymer to Grant 31 May 1841, ESL, 78, No. 26a of No. 58 of 8 July 1841; reprinted in Stocqueler, J. H., Memorials of Afghanistan, Calcutta, 1843, 150–3Google Scholar.

^{page 296 note 1} Macnaghten to Rawlinson 7 June 1841, ESL, 78, No. 25 of No. 58 of 8 July 1841; Macnaghten to Leech 14 June 1841, ESL, 79, No. 67 of No. 68 of 20 Aug. 1841.

^{page 296 note 2} Leech to Macnaghten 23 Sept. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 16 of No. 96 of 20 Nov. 1841.

^{page 296 note 3} Macnaghten to Maddock 18 Aug. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 25 of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841.

^{page 296 note 4} Gul Muḥammad Khān to Ghulām Rasūl Khān and others ESL, 77, No. 17g of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 296 note 5} Lynch, Statement of services, 22 June 1841, ESL, 80, No. 30 of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841; Lynch to Rawlinson 9 May 1841, ESL, 77, No. 44 of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 297 note 1} Stocqueler, Nott, I, 314.

^{page 297 note 2} Gul Muḥammad Khān to Yār Muḥammad rec. 25 Apr. 1840, ESL, 69, No. 55 of No. 72 of 6 July 1840.

^{page 297 note 3} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 19 Feb. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 36 of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841.

^{page 297 note 4} ESL, 76, No. 17a of No. 37 of 12 May 1841.

^{page 297 note 5} Macnaghten to Maddock 14 July 1841, ESL, 80, No. 9 of No. 29 of 20 Sept. 1841.

^{page 298 note 1} Earlier contacts are referred to in a letter from the Ghilzai newswriter in Lynch to Rawlinson 13 Feb. 1841, BSL, 75, No. 35 of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841.

^{page 298 note 2} ESL, 76, No. 17a of No. 37 of 12 May 1841.

^{page 298 note 2} Carnac to Hobhouse (pte.) 30 July 1839, Home Miscellaneous (10), 841, p. 456.

^{page 298 note 4} ESL, 69, No. 55 of No. 72 of 6 July 1840.

^{page 298 note 5} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 20 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 4 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 299 note 1} Gul Muḥammad to Lynch n.d., Lynch to Rawlinson 1 May 1841, ESL, 77, No. 17g of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 299 note 2} Lynch, Report, 5 Feb. 1841, ESL, 78, No. 53 of No. 58 of 8 July 1841. See also Elphinstone, op. cit., rr, 150–1. But see a different view in Bellew, H. W.. Afghanistan and its people, London, 1862, 455Google Scholar.

^{page 299 note 3} Lynch to Rawlinson 28 Sept. 1841, ESL, 81, No. 8 of No. 109 of 22 Dec. 1841. But for a rather different interpretation see Capt. Sanders to Lieut. Stoddart 26 Apr. 1841, ESL, 79, No. 61 of No. 68 of 20 Aug. 1841.

^{page 300 note 1} H. Rawlinson, ‘Report on the Dooranee tribes’, in Macgregor, C. M., Central Asia. Part II. Afghanistan, 823–69Google Scholar.

^{page 300 note 2} Rawlinson's notes on Akhtar Khān to Mīrzā Aḥmad Khān c. Apr. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 11 of No. 47 of 9 June 1841. In Rawlinson's report the figure appears as 3,000, which must be an error.

^{page 300 note 3} FaiẒullāh Khān to MuṢṭafā Khān Taimanī 1 Nov. 1839, ESL, 70, No. 120 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840; Leech to Macnaghten 4 Feb. 1840, ESL, 69, No. 31 of No. 68 of 22 June 1840.

^{page 300 note 4} Leech to Macnaghten 8 Feb. 1840, ESL, 68, No. 21 of No. 44 of 8 May 1840.

^{page 300 note 5} Akhtar Khān to Mīrzā Aḥmad Khān n.d., c. Apr. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 11 of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 301 note 1} Ibid.

^{page 301 note 2} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 19 Dec. 1840, ESL, 74, No. 16 of No. 13 of 19 Feb. 1841; Rawlinson to Nott 13 Dec. 1840, Stocqueler, Nott, I, 273.

^{page 301 note 3} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 16 Dec. 1840, Rawlinson to Nott 14 Dec. 1840, ESL, 74, No. 16 of No. 13 of 19 Feb. 1841; Rawlinson to Nott 13 Dec. 1840, Stocqueler, Nott, i, 273.

^{page 301 note 4} Rawlinson to Nott 17 Dec. 1840, Stocqueler, Nott, I, 279.

^{page 302 note 1} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 25 Dec. 1840, ESL, 74, No. 21 of No. 13 of 19 Feb. 1841.

^{page 302 note 2} Faiẓullāh Khān Alīzai to Nā'ib Mu'min Khān, ESL, 74, No. 21 of No. 13 of 19 Feb. 1841.

^{page 302 note 3} Rawlinson to Elliot 24 Dec. 1840, ESL, 74, No. 21 of No. 13 of 19 Feb. 1841.

^{page 302 note 4} Elliot to Rawlinson 3 Jan. 1841, ESL, 74, No. 20 of No. 13 of 19 Feb. 1841; Elliot to Rawlinson 4 Jan. 1841, Farrington to Polwhele 4 Jan. 1841, Ibid., No. 23. Farrington's despatch was published in Stocqueler, Memorials, 142.

^{page 302 note 5} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 8 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 14 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 302 note 6} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 28 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 5 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 303 note 1} 1 Elliot to Rawlinson 29 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 15a of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 303 note 2} Rawlinson to Elliot 19 Feb. 1841, Rawlinson to Lieut. North 18 Feb. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 37 of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841; Rawlinson to Macnaghten 19 Feb. 1841, Ibid., No. 38.

^{page 303 note 3} News rec. 18 Feb. 1841; Rawlinson to Nott 18 Feb. 1841, Stocqueler, Nott, i, 286–9.

^{page 303 note 4} Rawlinson to Bell (pte.) 20 Feb. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 29a of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841.

^{page 303 note 5} Nott to Rawlinson 19 Feb. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 37 of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841.

^{page 303 note 6} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 19 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 3 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841; Rawlinson to Macnaghten 3 Mar. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 39 of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841; Rawlinson, ‘Report on the Dooranees’, 856.

^{page 303 note 7} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 22 Mar. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 6b of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 304 note 1} Elliot to Rawlinson 8 Mar. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 6a of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 304 note 2} Kawlinson to Macnaghten 11 Mar. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 6a of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 304 note 3} Akhtar Khān to Mīrzā. Aḥmad Khān n.d., c. Apr. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 11 of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 304 note 4} Kawlinson, ‘Report’, 856.

^{page 304 note 5} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 1 Mar. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 6a of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 304 note 6} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 20 May 1841, ESL, 78, No. 14 of No. 58 of 8 July 1841; Rawlinson to Nott 13 Mar. 1841, Stocqueler, Nott, I, 314–18.

^{page 304 note 7} Naṣīr al-Dīn to Muḥammad ‘Aẓim Khān Nūrzai c. May 1841, ESL, 78, No. 26c of No. 58 of 8 July 1841.

^{page 305 note 1} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 3 June 1841, ESL, 78, No. 26d of No. 58 of 8 July 1841.

^{page 305 note 2} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 17 June 1841, ESL, 79, No. 50 of No. 68 of 20 Aug. 1841.

^{page 305 note 3} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 30 May 1841, ESL, 78, No. 26c of No. 58 of 8 July 1841.

^{page 305 note 4} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 28 June 1841, ESL, 79, No. 52 of No. 68 of 20 Aug. 1841.

^{page 305 note 5} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 26 June 1841, ESL, 79, No. 44 of No. 68 of 20 Aug. 1841.

^{page 305 note 6} Rawlinson to Lieut. T. F. Pattenson 28 June 1841, ESL, 79, No. 52 of No. 68 of 20 Aug. 1841.

^{page 305 note 7} Woodburn to Polwhele 5 July 1841, ESL, 79, No. 46 of No. 68 of 20 Aug. 1841 (published in Stocqueler, Memorials, 153–7); Rawlinson to Macnaghten 6 July 1841, ESL, 79, No. 44 of No. 68 of 20 Aug. 1841; Hart to Trevor 20 July 1841, ESL, 80, No. 21 of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841.

^{page 306 note 1} Woodburn to Nott 6 July 1841, Stocqueler, Nott I, 320–2; Rawlinson to Macnaghten 23 July 1841, ESL, 80, No. 19 of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841.

^{page 306 note 2} Rawlinson to North 6 July 1841, ESL, 79, No. 44 of No. 68 of 20 Aug. 1841.

^{page 306 note 3} Pattenson to Rawlinson 18 Aug. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 25a of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841; Rawlinson to Maonaghten 26 July 1841, ESL, 80, No. 25 of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841; Pattenson to Rawlinson 6 Aug. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 25 of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841.

^{page 306 note 4} Captain J. Griffin to Polwhele 17 Aug. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 18 of No. 88 of 21 Oct. 1841 (published in Stocqueler, Memorials, 160–2); Pattenson to Rawlinson 17 Aug. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 25b of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841.

^{page 306 note 5} Rawlinson to Nott 29 Aug. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 14 of No. 88 of 21 Oct. 1841.

^{page 307 note 1} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 30 Aug. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 14 of No. 88 of 21 Oct. 1841; Rawlinson to Macnaghten 30 Sept. 1841, ESL, 81, No. 4 of No. 109 of 22 Dec. 1841.

^{page 307 note 2} Rawlinson to Elliot 10 Sept. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 17a of No. 88 of 21 Oct. 1841; Rawlinson to Macnaghten 3 Sept. 1841, Ibid., No. 16.

^{page 307 note 3} Anderson to Nott 9 Nov. 1841, Stocqueler, Nott, I, 344–5. See also Kaye, J. W., History of the war in Afghanistan, 2nd ed., London, 1857, II, 132–4Google Scholar.

^{page 307 note 4} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 19 Dec. 1840, ESL, 74, No. 16 of No. 13 of 19 Feb. 1841.

^{page 307 note 5} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 19 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 3 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 308 note 1} Leech to Macnaghten 8 Feb. 1840, ESL, 68, No. 21 of No. 44 of 8 Aug. 1840.

^{page 308 note 2} Rawlinson, ‘Report’, 844.

^{page 308 note 3} Elliot to Rawlinson 29 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 15a of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 308 note 4} Rawlinson, ‘Report’, 840.

^{page 308 note 5} Ibid., 843.

^{page 309 note 1} Ibid., 858; passage quoted, Kaye, op. cit., II, 394–5.

^{page 309 note 2} Akhtar Khān to Mlrza Ahmad n.d., c. Apr. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 11 of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 309 note 3} Rawlinson, ‘Report’, 849.

^{page 309 note 4} Ibid., 844.

^{page 309 note 5} Ibid., 845–6.

^{page 310 note 1} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 22 Mar. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 6b of No. 47 of 9 June 1841. Macnaghten disagreed. He, like Elliot, believed that the revenue problem was the fundamental one (Maenaghten to Maddoek 1 Apr. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 6b of No. 47 of 9 June 1841).

^{page 310 note 2} Faiẓullāh Khān Alīzai to MuṢṭafā Khān Taimanī 1 Nov. 1839, ESL, 70, No. 120 of No. 85 of 10 Aug. 1840.

^{page 310 note 3} Mīr Afẓal Khān Alīkozai and others to Yār Muḥammad, rec. 11 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 5 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841.

^{page 310 note 4} ESL, 75, No. 35 of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841.

^{page 310 note 5} Akhtar Khān to ‘Naboo’ Khān Popalzai and other chiefs Feb. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 37 of No. 34 of 22 Apr. 1841.

^{page 310 note 6} NaṢīr al-Dīn to Muḥammad ‘Aẓīm Khān Nūrzai c. May 1841, ESL, 78, No. 26c of No. 58 of 8 July 1841. See also AkhtarKhān and NaṢīr al-Dīn to Sulṭan Khān of Washīr and Nūr Muḥammad Khān of ‘Kaujuck’ ESL, 77, No. 6b of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 310 note 7} ESL, 77, No. 11 of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 311 note 1} Rawlinson, ‘Report’, 867.

^{page 311 note 2} Macnaghten to Rawlinson (pte.) 2 Aug. 1841, ESL, 81, No. 64b of No. 109 of 22 Dec. 1841. Letter quoted, Kaye, op. cit., n, 125–7.

^{page 311 note 3} Rawlinson to M. Brown (pte.) 5 Jan. 1841, ESL, 74, No. 20 of No. 13 of 19 Feb. 1841.

^{page 311 note 4} Mīr Afẓal Khān Alīkozai and others to Yār Muḥammad, rec. 11 Jan. 1841, ESL, 75, No. 5 of No. 19 of 21 Mar. 1841; Todd to Rawlinson 14 Jan. 1841, Ibid.

^{page 311 note 5} Kaye, J. W., Lives of Indian officers, 2vols., London, 1869, II, 354Google Scholar, suggests that Yār Muḥammad sent emissaries to the rebels before the breach with Todd but the evidence which he quotes does not justify his suggestion. Login's Memorandum, which he uses, may be found in Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys, London, 1856, 522–34Google Scholar.

^{page 311 note 6} Yār Muḥammad to Akhtar Khān Alīzai (rec. Girishk, 2 Mar. 1841); Yār Muḥammad to Qulī Khān and other chiefs at Dosang n.d., ESL, 76, No. 3a of No. 37 of 12 May 1841; Yār Muḥammad to the Durrānī chiefs at Siāh Pushta, ESL, 77, No. 6d of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 311 note 7} Elliot to Rawlinson 10 Apr. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 12 of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 311 note 8} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 2 Aug. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 23 of No. 79 of 28 Sept. 1841.

^{page 312 note 1} Rawlinson to Macnaghten 11 Aug. 1841, ESL, 80, No. 24 of No. 79 of 20 Sept. 1841.

^{page 312 note 2} Leech to Macnaghten 22 Mar. 1840, ESL, 69, No. 5 of No. 64 of 8 June 1840; Leech to Macnaghten 9 May 1840, ESL, 69, No. 42 of No. 72 of 16 July 1840; Rawlinson to Macnaghten 12 Apr. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 12 of No. 47 of 9 June 1841.

^{page 313 note 1} Akhtar Khān to Mīrzā Aḥmad Khān n.d., c. Apr. 1841, ESL, 77, No. 11 of No. 47 of * 9 June 1841.

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