Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T16:17:49.419Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sampling Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cassava in Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

J.S. Yaninek ,
J. Baumgaertner  and
A.P. Gutierrez
J.S. Yaninek*
Affiliation:
IITA Biological Control Program, Cotonou, Republic of Benin
J. Baumgaertner
Affiliation:
Division of Phytomedicine ETH/Z, Zurich, Switzerland
A.P. Gutierrez
Affiliation:
Division of Biological Control, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
*
Dr J.S. Yaninek, IITA Benin, c/o, L. W. Lambourn & Co Ltd, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Density-specific sampling plans were developed under African conditions for the exotic spider mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar), a serious pest of cassava, Manihot esculenta. The within-plant distribution of Mononychellus tanajoa was found to favour new foliage, regardless of time of planting or plant age. Consequently, the first developed leaf near the top of the foliage was selected as the sampling unit and related to whole plant populations of M. tanajoa. The relationship between the mite population's variance and mean as measured by Taylor's Power Law proved to be stable over a range of planting dates, seasons and locations. Two binomial sampling plans, one based on Taylor's dispersion parameters and another based on direct field observations, were developed and compared. Binomial sampling, appropriate only for densities below 30 mites per leaf, was replaced by an enumerative procedure based on a ‘quick count’ protocol at higher mite densities.

Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 81 , Issue 2 , June 1991 , pp. 201 - 208
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bellotti, A.C. & van Schoonhoven, A. (1978) Mite and insect pests of cassava. Annual Review of Entomology 23, 39–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bellotti, A.C., Byrne, D.H., Hershey, C.H., Vargas, O.H. & Varela, A.M. (1985) The potential of host plant resistance in cassava for control of mites and mealybugs, pp. 417–439in Cock, J.H. & Reyes, J.A. (Eds) Cassava: research production and utilization, cassava program. Cali, Colombia, Centro International de Agricultura Tropical.Google Scholar
Bellotti, A.C., Reyes, J.A., Guerrero, J.M. & Varela, A.M. (1985) The mealybug and cassava green spider mite complex in the Americas: problems of and potential for biological control, pp. 393–416in Cock, J.H. & Reyes, J.A. (Eds) Cassava: research production and utilization, cassava program. Cali, Colombia, Centro International de Agricultura Tropical.Google Scholar
Braun, A.R., Bellotti, A.C., Guerrero, J.M. & Wilson, L.T. (1989) Effect of predator exclusion on cassava infested with tetranychid mites (Acari: Tetranychidae). Environmental Entomology 18, 711–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, A.R., Guerrero, J.M., Bellotti, A.C. & Wilson, L.T. (1989) Within plant distribution of Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cassava: effect of clone and predation on aggregation. Bulletin of Entomological Research 79, 235–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, R.H. (1970) On fixed precision level sequential sampling. Researches on Population Ecology 12, 249–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, V.P. & Parella, M.P. (1984) Dispersion indices and sequential sampling plans for the citrus red mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 77, 75–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karandinos, M.G. (1976) Optimum sample size and comments on some published formulae. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 22, 417–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolies, D.C., Lampert, E.P. & Kennedy, G.G. (1984) Sampling program for the twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) in peanut. Journal of Economic Entomology 77, 1024–1026.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nachman, G. (1984) Estimates of mean population density and spatial distribution of Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) based upon the proportion of empty sampling units. Journal of Applied Ecology 21, 903–913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuenschwander, P. & Herren, H.R. (1988) Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 318, 319–333.Google Scholar
Nyiira, Z.M. (1972) Report of investigation of cassava mite, Mononychus tanajoa Bondar 14 pp. Unpublished report. Kawanda Research Station, Kampala, Uganda.Google Scholar
Ruesink, W.G. (1980) Introduction to sampling theory, pp. 61–78in Kogan, M. & Herzog, D.C. (Eds) Sampling methods in soybean entomology. New York, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silvestre, P. & Arraudeau, M. (1983) Le manioc. 262 pp. Paris, Maisonneuve et Larose (Techniques agricoles et productions tropicales, 32).Google Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. (1978) Ecological methods. 524 pp. London, Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Taylor, L.R. (1961) Aggregation, variance and the mean. Nature (London) 189, 732–735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, L.T. (1985) Estimating the abundance and impact of arthropod natural enemies in IPM systems. pp. 303–322 in Hoy, M.A. & Herzog, D.C. (Eds) Biological control in agricultural IPM systems. 589 pp. New York, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, L.T. & Room, P.M. (1982) The relative efficiency and reliability of three methods for sampling arthropods in Australian cotton fields. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 21, 175–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, L.T. & Room, P.M. (1983) Clumping patterns of fruit and arthropods in cotton, with implications for binomial sampling. Environmental Entomology 12, 50–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, L.T., Gonzalez, D., Leigh, T.F., Maggi, V., Foristiere, C. & Goodell, P. (1983) Within-plant distribution of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cotton: a developing implementable monitoring program. Environmental Entomology 12, 128–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, L.T., Hoy, M.A., Zalom, F.G. & Smilanick, J.M. (1984) Sampling mites in almonds: I. within-tree distribution and clumping pattern of mites with comments on predatorprey interactions. Hilgardia 52, 1–13.Google Scholar
Yaninek, J.S. (1985) Field monitoring of M. tanajoa populations, pp. 136–138in Annual Report –1984. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Yaninek, J.S. (1988) Continental dispersal of the cassava green mite, an exotic pest in Africa, and implications for biological control. Experimental and Applied Acarology 4, 211–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yaninek, J. S., Gutierrez, A.P. & Herren, H.R. (1989a) Dynamics of Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Africa: experimental evidence of temperature and host plant effects on population growth rates. Environmental Entomology 18, 633–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yaninek, J.S. & Herren, H.R. (1988) Introduction and spread of the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) (Acari: Tetranychidae), an exotic pest in Africa and the search for appropriate control methods: a review. Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yaninek, J.S., Herren, H.R. & Gutierrez, A.P. (1987) The biological basis of cassava green mite outbreaks in Africa. Insect Science and its Application 8, 861–865.Google Scholar
Yaninek, J.S., Herren, H.R. & Gutierrez, A.P. (1989b) Dynamics of Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Africa: seasonal factors affecting phenology and abundance. Environmental Entomology 18, 625–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yaninek, J.S., Moraes, G.J. de & Markham, R.H. (1989c) Handbook on the cassava green mite (Mononychellus tanajoa) in Africa: a guide to their biology and procedures for implementing classical biological control. 140 pp. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Yaninek, J.S., Gutierrez, A.P. & Herren, H.R. (1990) Dynamics of Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Africa: impact on dry matter production and allocation in cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz. Environmental Entomology 19, 1767–1772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zahner, P. & Baumgaertner, J. (1984) Sampling statistics for Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acarina, Tetranychidae) and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina, Tetranychidae) feeding on apple trees. Researches on Population Ecology 26, 97–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zalom, F.G., Hoy, M.A., Wilson, L.T. & Barnett, W.W. (1984) Sampling mites in almonds: II. presence-absence sequential sampling for Tetranychus mite species. Hilgardia 52, 14–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar