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Previous herbivory alerts conspecific gravid sawflies to avoid unsuitable host plants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2019

G. A. Valladares ,
M. V. Coll-Aráoz Open the ORCID record for M. V. Coll-Aráoz [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Alderete ,
M. T. Vera Open the ORCID record for M. T. Vera [Opens in a new window]  and
P. C. Fernández Open the ORCID record for P. C. Fernández [Opens in a new window]
G. A. Valladares
Affiliation:
Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Florentino Ameghino S/N. B° Mercantil (4105), El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
M. V. Coll-Aráoz
Affiliation:
PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Manuel Belgrano 2960 (T4001MVB), S. M. de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
M. Alderete
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, M. Lillo 205 (4000), S. M. de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
M. T. Vera
Affiliation:
Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Florentino Ameghino S/N. B° Mercantil (4105), El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
P. C. Fernández*
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina INTA EEA Delta del Paraná, Paraná de las Palmas y Cl Comas S/N (2804), Campana, Buenos Aires, Argentina Cátedra de Química de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Química Aplicada y Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
*
Author for correspondence: P. C. Fernández, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The willow sawfly, Nematus oligospilus (Förster), is a pest in Salix commercial forests and has been reported worldwide. Female adults must recognize a suitable host plant to oviposit, since her offspring lack the ability to move to another host. We evaluated the effect of conspecific herbivory on the oviposition choices of N. oligospilus females by providing damaged (DP) and undamaged (UP) plants of Salix humboldtiana, a native willow from South America, as oviposition substrates. Local and systemic effects were studied. For the local treatment, a twig from the DP with damaged leaves was contrasted to a twig from a UP in dual choice experiments. For systemic treatment, a twig from the DP with intact leaves was contrasted to a twig from a UP. We estimated the use of olfactory and contact cues by comparing volatile emission of DP and UP, and by analysing the behaviour of the females during host recognition after landing on the leaf surface. In the context of the preference–performance hypothesis (PPH), we also tested if oviposition site selection maximizes offspring fitness by evaluating neonate hatching, larval performance and survival of larvae that were born and bred on either DP or UP. Our results demonstrate that previous conspecific herbivory on S. humboldtiana has a dramatic impact on female oviposition choices and offspring performance of the sawfly N. oligospilus. Females showed a marked preference for laying eggs on UP of S. humboldtiana. This preference was found for both local and systemic treatments. Volatile emission was quantitatively changed after conspecific damage suggesting that it could be related to N. oligospilus avoidance. In the dual choice preference experiments, the analysis of the behaviour of the females once landing on the leaf surface suggested the use of contact cues triggering egg laying on leaves from UP and avoidance of leaves from DP. Furthermore, 48 h of previous conspecific feeding was sufficient to dramatically impair neonate hatching, as well as larval development and survival, suggesting a rapid and effective reaction of the induced resistance mechanisms of the tree. In agreement with the PPH, these results support the idea that decisions made by colonizing females may result in optimal outcomes for their offspring in a barely studied insect model, and also opens the opportunity for studying tree-induced defences in the unexplored South American willow S. humboldtiana.

Keywords

Herbivorylarval performanceovipositionSalix humboldtianaTenthredinidaetree defences
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 110 , Issue 4 , August 2020 , pp. 438 - 448
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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