Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T04:47:06.245Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the Effects produced by the Attacks of the Pink Bollworm on the Yield of Cotton Seed and Lint in Egypt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

L. H. Gough
L. H. Gough
Affiliation:
Director of the Entomological Section, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The history of but few insects can be compared with that of Pectinophora (Geleckia) gossypiella, which, having started as a minor pest in its native country and having been transported by human agency to a new country, has there suddenly leapt to the most important position as a major pest of the crop it attacks. In this respect it may be placed with the Phylloxera and the gipsy moth.

Although the chief object of this paper is to consider certain aspects of the damage done by the pink bollworm to the cotton crop, the following short summary of the established facts concerning the life-history of the insect may be useful to readers not familiar with its habits.

Food-Plants. The pink bollworm feeds on cotton (Gossypium, various species), okra (Hibiscus esculentus ; Arabic : bamia ; Hindustani : bhindi), Deccan hemp (Hibiscus cannabinus ; Arabic : til), hollyhock (Althaea rosea), mallow (Malva sp., probably silvestris), Thespesia populnea (fide Fullaway ; this record is considered doubtful by Busck), and Abutilon sp. (Arabic : hanbuk ; fide King).

It will be noticed that all these plants belong to the Malvaceae. The record for pomegranates given by Dudgeon and Gough is without doubt due to error.

Of all these food-plants cotton is preferred. The larvae attack the stems (feeding in the cambium and boring a tunnel which encircles the stem), flowers, flower-buds, bolls and seeds.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 9 , Issue 4 , April 1919 , pp. 279 - 324
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1919

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography of Gelechia gossypiella

Aders, W. M. (1914). Entomology in Relation to Agriculture.—Zanzibar Protectorate Med. and Sanitary Rept. for 1913.Google Scholar
AndréS, A. (1911). Note sur un ravageur de la noix du cotonnier (Gelechia gossypiella, Saund.) nouveau pour l'Egypte.—Bull.Soc. Entom. d'Egypte, 1911.Google Scholar
Fletcher, T. Bainbrigge (1914). Report of the Imperial Entomologist.—Rept. Agric. Research Inst. and Coll. Pusa, 1913–14, Calcutta, 1914.Google Scholar
Fletcher, T. Bainbrigge (1917). Report of the Proceedings of the Second Entomological Meeting held at Pusa, Calcutta, 1917.Google Scholar
Balfour, E. (1897). The Agricultural Pests in India. Quaritch, London, 1887.Google Scholar
Burt, B. C. (1908). Report on the Cawnpore Agricultural Station for the year ending 30th 06, 1908.Google Scholar
Busck, A. (1917). The Pink Bollworm.—Jl. Agric. Research, Washington, 1917.Google Scholar
Busck, A. (1917). Notes on Perisierola emigrata, Rohwer, a parasite of the Pink Bollworm.—Insecutor Inscitiae, Washington, 1917.Google Scholar
Da Costa Lima, A. (1917). Informaçoes praticas resumidas sobre a Lagarta que ataca os Capulhos do Algodoeiro, especialmente destinadas aos pequenos Cultivadores de Nordeste.—Characas e Quintaes, Rio de Janeiro, 1917.Google Scholar
Da Costa Lima, A. (1917). Relatorio sobre a Lagarta rosea de Capulho no Nordeste Brasileiro.—Publicação do Ministerio da Agricultura, Brazil, 1917.Google Scholar
Cotes, E. C. (1893). A Conspectus of the Insects which affect Crops in India.—Indian Mus. Notes, ii, 1893.Google Scholar
Cotes, E. C. & Swinhoe, C. (1889). A Catalogue of the Moths of India. Calcutta, 1889.Google Scholar
Dean, W. S. (1916). Manufacturing Tests of Cotton fumigated with Hydrocyanic-Acid Gas.—U.S. Dept. Agric. Washington, Bulletin No. 366, 04, 1916.Google Scholar
Dudgeon, G. C. (1907). Insects which attack cotton in Egypt.—Bull. Imp. Inst. London, 1907.Google Scholar
Dudgeon, G. C. (1913). The Pink Bollworm (Gelechia gossypiella, Saunders).—Agric. Jl. of Egypt, Cairo, 1913.Google Scholar
Dudgeon, G. C. (1916). The Bollworm in Egypt.—Trans. 3rd Intern. Congress Trop. Agric., London, 1916.Google Scholar
Dudgeon, G. C. & Cartwright, W. (1917). Treatment of Cotton in the Field as a Combative Measure against Gelechia attacks.—Agric. Jl. of Egypt, Cairo, 1917.Google Scholar
Durrant, J. H. (1912). Notes on Tineina bred from Cotton Bolls.—Bull. Entom. Research, v, 1912.Google Scholar
Ehrhorn, E. M. (1913). Report of the Division of Entomology, Territory of Hawaii, for the Biennial Period ending 31st December 1912. Honolulu, 1913.Google Scholar
Fullaway, D. T. (1909). Insects of Cotton in Hawaii.—Hawaii. Agric. Expt. Sta., Bull. No. 18, 1909.Google Scholar
Fullaway, D. T. (1913). Report of the Entomologist.—Hawaii. Agric. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rep., 1912.Google Scholar
Girault, A. A. (1917). A Chalcid Parasite of the Pink Bollworm.—Insecutor Inscitiae, Washington, 1917.Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. (1914). Problèmes relatifs au nouveau fléau du coton égyptien, le ver rose de la capsule, ou Gelechia gossypiella.—Bull. Union Agriculteurs d'Eg., Cario, 1914.Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. (1914). Problems connected with the new Egyptian Cotton Pest, Gelechia gossypiella, Saunders, the Pink Bollworm.—Abstract, Proc. 3rd Internat. Congress of Trop. Agric., London, 1914.Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. (1914). Entomological Notes.—Agric. Jl. of Egypt, 1913 (1914).Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. (1916). The Nature of the Damage done by the Pink Bollworm.—Min. Agr. Egypt, Bull. no. 2, 1916.Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. (1916). The Life-history of Gelechia gossypiella from the time of the Cotton Harvest to the time of Cotton Sowing.—Min. Agr. Egypt, Techn. Bull. no. 4, 1916.Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. (1916). Notes on a Machine to kill Gelechia larvae by Hot Air, and the Effects of Heat on Gelechia Larvae and Cotton-seed.—Min. Agr. Egypt, Techn. Bull. no. 6, 1916.Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. (1916). Problems connected with the New Egyptian Cotton Pest, Gelechia gossypiella, Saunders, the Pink Bollworm.—Trans. 3rd Intern. Congress of Trop. Agric., i, London, 1914 (1916).Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. (1917). On the Rate of Increase of Gelechia gossypiella Larvae in Green Boils during 1916.—Bull. Soc. Entom. d'Egypte, Cairo, 1916 (1917).Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. (1917). The Rate of Increase of the Pink Bollworm in Green Bolls in the Period July to November, 1916.—Min. Agr., Egypt, Techn. Bull. no. 13, 1917.Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. & Storey, G. (1913). Methods for the Destruction of the Pink Bollworm in Cotton-seed.—Agr. Jl. of Egypt, 1913.Google Scholar
Gough, L. H. & Storey, G. (1913). Methods for the Destruction of the Pink Bollworm in Cotton-seed.—Appendix, Agric. Jl. of Egypt, Cairo, 1913 (1914).Google Scholar
Green, E. C. (1917). Instrucçoes contra a Lagarta rosea do Algodão.—A Lavoura, Rio de Janeiro, xxi, 1917.Google Scholar
Green, E. E. (1909—1912). Entomological Notes.—Trop. Agriculturist and Jl. Ceylon Planters Assoc., 1909–1912.Google Scholar
Heinrich, C. (1916). On the Taxonomic Value of some Larval Characters in the Lepidoptera.—Proc. Ent. Soc., Washington, 1916.Google Scholar
Hughes, F. (1916). Fumigation of Cotton-seed by Gaseous Hydrocyanic Acid.—Agric. Jl. Egypt, 1916.Google Scholar
Hutson, J. C. (1917). The Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella, Saunders).—Agric. News, Barbados, xvi, 11, 1917.Google Scholar
Hunter, W. D. (1914). The Pink Bollworm.—U.S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Entom. (Circular), 1914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, H. H. (1917). The Pink Bollworm (Gelechia gossypiella, Saunders) in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.—Entom. Bull. no. 4, Khartoum, 1917.Google Scholar
King, H. H. (1917). The Pink Bollworm and Measures for its Control.—Entom. Bull. no. 5, Khartoum, 1917.Google Scholar
King, H. H. (1917). The Weed Hanbuk (Abutilon spp.) and its relation to the Cotton-growing Industry in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.—Entom. Bull. no. 7, Khartoum, 1917.Google Scholar
Lefroy, H. Maxwell (1905). Cotton Pests.—Tropical Agriculturist, 1905.Google Scholar
Lefroy, H. Maxwell (1906). Indian Insect Pests. Calcutta, 1906.Google Scholar
Lefroy, H. Maxwell (1906). An outbreak of Cotton Pests in the Punjab, 1905. Nagpur, 1906.Google Scholar
Lefroy, H. Maxwell (1906). The Insect Pests of Cotton in India.—Agric. Jl. Ind., Calcutta, i, 1906.Google Scholar
Lefroy, H. Maxwell (1907). The more important Insects injurious to Indian Agriculture.—Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entom. Series I, 1907.Google Scholar
Lefroy, H. Maxwell (1907). The Pests of Introduced Cotton.—Agric. Journal, India, 1907.Google Scholar
Lefroy, H. Maxwell, & Howlett, F. M. (1909). Indian Insect Life. Calcutta, 1909.Google Scholar
Lefroy, H. Maxwell, & Howlett, F. M. (1911). Progress of Economic Entomology in India.—Mem. ler Congr. Internat. Ent., Brussels, 1910.Google Scholar
Lobo, Bruno (1918). A Lagarta rosea da Gelechia gossypiella. Rio de Janeiro, 1918.Google Scholar
Maskew, F. (1914). A Leak in our Quarantine.—Monthly Bull. Cal. State Commiss. Hortic., Sacramento, 1914.Google Scholar
Meyrick, E. (1905). Descriptions of Indian Micro-lepidoptera.—Jl. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., xvi, 1905.Google Scholar
McClelland, C. K., & Sahr, C. A. (1911). Cultural Methods for Controlling the Cotton Bollworm.—Hawaii. Agr. Exp. Sta., Press Bull. no. 32.Google Scholar
McKillop, A. (1914). On the Conversion of Cotton-sticks into Charcoal for the Destruction of the Pink Bollworm.—Agric. Jl. of Egypt, 1914.Google Scholar
Morrill, A. W. (1917). Cotton Pests in the Arid and Semi-arid South-west.—Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord. N. H., 1917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morstatt, H. (1911). Saatgut und Vorrats-schädlinge und Saatgut-desinfektion.—Pflanzer, Daressalaam, vii, 1911.Google Scholar
Morstatt, H. (1911). Ein Russelkäfer an Caravonica Baumwolle.—Pflanzer, Daressalaam, vii, 1911.Google Scholar
Morstatt, H. (1911). Das Auftreten von Pflanzen-schädlingen in Deutsch Ostafrika im Jahre 1910.—Pflanzer, Daressalaam, vii, 1911.Google Scholar
Morstatt, H. (1913). Liste Schädlicher Insekten.—Pflanzer, Daressalaam, ix 1913.Google Scholar
Morstatt, H. (1914). Kaffeekultur, Kaffeeschädlinge und andere schädliche Insekten im Bezirke Bukoba.—Pflanzer, Daressalaam, x, 1914.Google Scholar
Morstatt, H. (1914). Die Schädlinge der Baumwolle in Deutsch Ostafrika.—Beiheft zum Pflanzer No. 1, Daressalaam, 1914.Google Scholar
Mobstatt, H. (1914). Arbeiten über Schädlinge der Kulturpflanzer.—Pflanzer, Daressalaam, x, 1914.Google Scholar
Rohwer, S. A. (1917). Two Bethylid Parasites of the Pink Bollworm.—Insecutor Inscitiae, Washington, 1917.Google Scholar
Sasscer, E. R. (1917). Important Foreign Insect Pests collected on imported Nursery Stock in 1916.—Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord. N. H., x, 1917.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. W. (1843). Description of a Species of Moth destructive to the Cotton crops in India.—Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1843.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. W. (1851). Upon Insects injurious to the Cotton-plant.—Zoologist, 1851.Google Scholar
Schanz, M. (1913). Die Baumwolle in Ägypten und im Anglo-ägypt. Sudan.—. Beiheft Tropenpfl., 1913.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Arno (1912). Cotton—growing in Egypt, 1912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scrmidt, Arno (1913). Official Report, Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.—Intern. Fed. of Master Cotton-Spinners and Manufacturers Associations, 1913.Google Scholar
Storey, G. (1915). Notes on Large Scale Experiments against the Pink Bollworm in Cotton-seed.—Agric. Jl. of Egypt, 1914, Cairo, 1915.Google Scholar
Storey, G. (1916). Simon's Hot-Air Machine for the Treatment of Cotton-seed against Pink Bollworm.—Min. Agr. Egypt, Tech. Bull. no. 11, 1916.Google Scholar
Storey, G. (1917). Machines for the Treatment of Cotton-seed against Pink Bollworm.—Min. Agr. Egypt, Techn. Bull. no. 14, 1917.Google Scholar
Storey, G. See also under Gough, L. H., and Storey, G.Google Scholar
Stuhlmann, (1907). Plauderei über ostafrikanische Baumwolle.—Pflanzer, iii, 1907.Google Scholar
Strum, & Zimmermann, (1912). Uber die Verwendung der Abresch' schen Lichtfalle bei Baumwollschädlingen und Steclimucken.—Pflanzer, viii, 1912.Google Scholar
Swezey, O. H. (1915). A Preliminary List of the Hymenopterous Parasites of Lepidoptera in Hawaii.—Proc. Hawaiian Entom Soc. Honolulu, iii, 01 1914-04 1915-07 1915.Google Scholar
Vosseler, J. (1904). Einige Feinde der Baumwoll-kulturen in Deutscb Ostafrika.—Mitt. Biol. Landw. Inst. Amani, no. 18, 1904.Google Scholar
Vosseler, J. (1905). Bericht des Zoologen.—Ber. Land und Forstw. Deutech. Ostafrika, ii, 1905.Google Scholar
Vosseler, J. (1906). Arbeiten im Zoologisch-entomologischen Laboratorium.—Ber. Land und Forstwirtschaft D.O.A., 1906.Google Scholar
Vosseler, J. (1907). Die Baumwollpflanzungen bei Sadani.—Pflanzer, Daressalaam, 1907.Google Scholar
Walsingram, Lord (1907). Microlepidoptera. Fauna Hawaiiensis, 1907.Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1905). Insects injurious to the Cotton-Plant in Egypt.—Kh. Agr. Soc. Year-book, 1905.Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1910). The Insect Pests of Cotton (in Egypt).—Cairo Scientific Journal, 1910.Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1912). Miscellaneous Notes on Egyptian Insects.—Bull. Soc. Entom. d'Egypte, Cairo, 1912.Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1912). An Ichneumon Fly suspected of being a Parasite of Earias insulana, the Cotton Bollworm.—Bull. Soc. Entom. d'Egypte, Cairo, 1912.Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1913). An Acarine Parasite of the Pink Bollworm.—Bull. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte, Cairo, 1913.Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1914.) Note préliminaire sur Bracon sp., insects parasite du ver de la capsule du cotonnier.—Bull. Soc. Entom. d'Egypte, Cairo, 1913.Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1914). The Predaceous mite Pediculoides ventricosus, Newport.—Agr. Jl. of Egypt, 1914.Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1916). Insects and Related Pests of Egypt. Vol. I. The Pink Bollworm, Cairo, 1916.Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1916). What Effect has Flooding of a Cotton Field by Infiltration from high Nile on the Numbers of the Pink Bollworm in that Field.—Bull. Soc. Entom. d'Egypte, Cairo, 1916.Google Scholar
Zacher, F. (1913). Die Afrikanischen Baumwoll-schädlinge.—Arb. K. biol. Aust. fur Land und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin, 1913.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, A. (1910). Bericht über eine Dienstreise nach Morongo.—Pflanzer, Daressalaam, 1910.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, A. (1910). Anleitung für die Baumwollkultur in den deutschen Kolonien. Berlin, 1910.Google Scholar
Insect Notes : The Difficuties of Plant Quarantine.—Agricultural News, Barbados, xiv, 1915.Google Scholar
The Pink Bollworm.—Agricultural News, Barbados, xv, 1916.Google Scholar
The Pink Bollworm.—Agric. News, Barbados, xvi, 1917.Google Scholar
An Illustration of the Importance of Quarantine against Injurious Insects.—Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord N.H., x, 1917.Google Scholar
The Pink Bollworm.—Jl. Econ. Entom., N.H., x, 1917.Google Scholar

References to Works on Cotton

Balls, W. L. (1910). The Physiology of the Cotton Plant. A Preliminary Note.—Cairo Scientific Journal, iv, 1910.Google Scholar
Balls, W. L. (1910). The Effect of Seed-weight on the Field Germination of Cotton-seed.—Cairo Scientific Journal, iv, 1910.Google Scholar
Balls, W. L. (1911). Cotton Investigations in 1909 and 1910.—Cairo Scientific Journal, v, 1911.Google Scholar
Balls, W. L. (1912). The Cotton Plant in Egypt. London, 1912.Google Scholar
Balls, W. L. (1915). The Development and Properties of Raw Cotton. London, 1915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balls, W. L. (1915). Evading the Bollworm.—Near East, 1915.Google Scholar
Craig, J. I. (1911). Notes on Cotton Statistics in Egypt.—L'Egypte Contemporaine, Cairo, 1911.Google Scholar
Leake, H. M. (1914). Preliminary Note on the Factor controlling the Ginning per cent. of Indian Cotton.—Journal of Genetics, 06 1914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damp in Cotton.—Official Report of the Ninth International Congress of Delegate Representatives of Master Cotton-Spinners' and Manufacturers' Associationsheld at Scheveningen. Manchester, 1913.Google Scholar