Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-05T02:11:37.432Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Modelled impact of insecticide-contaminated dung on the abundance and distribution of dung fauna

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

G.A. Vale  and
I.F. Grant
G.A. Vale*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
I.F. Grant
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
*
*93 The Chase, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Deterministic models assessed the effects that contaminated dung from insecticide-treated cattle had on populations of three hypothetical species of dung fauna that dispersed randomly and could double their numbers every 1–28 weeks at low density. Insecticide was allowed to kill 2–98 % of adults and prevent 16–100% of breeding in pats produced immediately after cattle treatment, with toxicity declining to < 1% in pats produced 2–23 days later. Treatment intervals were 10–40 days. The modelled impact of insecticide was affected little by approximately four-fold variations in: length and density dependence of the attractive life span of pats, frequency of pat occupation by immature adults, distribution of pat toxicity during treatment interval, and changes in dispersal rates due to age and population density. Of greater importance were variations in: pat toxicity, treatment interval, frequency of pat occupation by breeding adults, density dependence of recruitment and death, natural adversity and mortality in dormancy, general rate of dispersal, and the size and shape of the area with treated cattle. Overall, it seemed that wide variations in the impact of contamination will occur in the field, but in many situations the risk to dung fauna can be substantial, especially for slow breeding beetles, and muscoids contacting insecticide on cattle. Risk extends outside the treated areas, for a distance equal to several daily displacements of the insects. Untreated refuges for species survival should be compact blocks at least 25 daily displacements wide.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 92 , Issue 3 , June 2002 , pp. 251 - 263
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Blume, R.R. & Aga, A. (1975) Onthophagus gazella: mass rearing and laboratory biology. Environmental Entomology 4, 735–736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Excel. (2000) Microsoft® Excel, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA.Google Scholar
Fincher, G.T. (1981) The potential value of dung beetles in pasture ecosystems. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 16, 301–316.Google Scholar
Finney, D.J. (1964) Probit analysis. pp Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Floate, K.D. (1998) Off-target effects of ivermectin on insects and on dung degradation in southern Alberta, Canada. Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, 25–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floate, K.D. (1998) Does a repellent effect contribute to reduced levels of insect activity in dung from cattle treated with ivermectin?. Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, 291–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foil, L. & Hogsette, J.A. (1994) Biology and control of tabanids, stable flies and horn flies. Revue Scientifique et Technique – Office International des Épizooties 13, 1125–1158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glasgow, J.P. (1963) The distribution and abundance of tsetse. pp Pergamon: Oxford.Google Scholar
Hanski, I. & Cambefort, Y. (1991) In Dung beetle ecology. pp Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargrove, J.W. (1981) Tsetse dispersal reconsidered. Journal of Animal Ecology 50, 351–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingston, T.J. & Coe, M. (1977) The biology of the giant dung-beetle (Heliocopris dilloni) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of Zoology 181, 243–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krafsur, E.S. & Moon, R.D. (1997) Bionomics of the face fly, Musca autumnalis. Annual Review of Entomology 42, 503–523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krüger, K., Scholtz, C.H. & Reinhardt, K. (1998) Effects of the pyrethroid flumethrin on the colonisation and degradation of cattle dung by adult insects. South African Journal of Science 94, 129–132.Google Scholar
Krüger, K., Lukhele, O.M. & Scholtz, C.H. (1999) Survival and reproduction of Euoniticellus intermedius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in dung following application of cypermethrin and flumethrin pour-ons to cattle. Bulletin of Entomological Research 89, 543–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, P.Q. (1997) Dung beetles – small heroes of the rangelands. Holistic Management Quarterly 57, 5–6.Google Scholar
Roslin, T. (2000) Dung beetle movement at two spatial scales. Oikos 91, 323–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothery, P. (1998) The problems associated with the identification of density dependence in population data. pp 97–133 in Dempster, J.P. ↦, McLean, I.F.G.Insect population. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Rowlands, G.J., Leak, S.G.A., Woudyalew, Mulatu, Nagda, S.M., Wilson, A. & d'Ieteran, D.M. (2000) Use of deltamethrin ‘pour-on’ insecticide for the control of cattle trypanosomosis in the presence of high tsetse invasion. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 15, 87–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherrat, T.N., Macdougall, A.D., Wratten, S.D. & Forbes, A.B. (1998) Models to assist the evaluation of the impact of avermectins on dung insect populations. Ecological Modelling 110, 165–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skidmore, P. (1991) In Insects of the British cow-dung community. pp Occasional Publication No. 21, Field Studies Council: Shrewsbury.Google Scholar
Sommer, C., Vagn, Jensen K.M. & Jespersen, J.B. (2001) Topical treatment of calves with synthetic pyrethroids: effects on the non-target dung fly Neomyia cornicina (Diptera: Muscidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 91, 131–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strong, L. (1992) Avermectins: a review of their impact on insects of cattle dung. Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, 265–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A., Hursey, B.S., Hargrove, J.W., Torr, S.J. & Allsopp, R. (1984) The use of small plots to study populations of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae): difficulties associated with population dispersal. Insect Science and its Application 5, 403–410.Google Scholar
Vale, G.A., Lovemore, D.F., Flint, S. & Cockbill, G.F. (1988) Odour-baited targets to control tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Zimbabwe. Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 31–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A., Mutika, G. & Lovemore, D.F. (1999) Insecticide-treated cattle for controlling tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae): some questions answered, many posed. Bulletin of Entomological Research 89, 569–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Bossche, P. & Vale, G.A. (2001) In Tsetse and trypanosomosis in southern Africa. pp Regional Tsetse and Typanosomosis Control Programme: Harare.Google ScholarPubMed
Wardhaugh, K.G. & Ridsdill-Smith, T.J. (1998) Antiparasitic drugs, the livestock industry and dung beetles – cause for concern?. Australian Veterinary Journal 4, 259–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wardhaugh, K.G., Longstaff, B.C. & Lacey, M.J. (1998) Effects of residues of deltamethrin in cattle faeces on the development and survival of three species of dung-breeding insect. Australian Veterinary Journal 4, 273–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warnes, M.L., Van den Bossche, P., Chihiya, J., Mudenge, D., Robinson, T.P., Shereni, W. & Chadenga, V. (1999) Evaluation of insecticide-treated cattle as a barrier to re-invasion of tsetse to cleared areas in northeastern Zimbabwe. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 13, 177–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed