Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T17:47:47.771Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fertility and Climatic Adaptations in Siberian Grasshoppers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

I. A. Rubtzov
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

1. The number of egg-tubes and the number of eggs in each tube varies in accordance with the food and the climatic and microclimatic conditions of each habitat. The majority of Siberian grasshoppers have adaptations in the ovaries which enable them to take full advantage of the available heat.

2. In the species possessing 10 or more egg-tubes, their number varies in different parts of the distribution area. It decreases towards the centre of the area with increasing warmth and dryness, and increases towards the colder and more humid margins of that area (e.g., in the Far East and in Western Europe).

3. The potential fertility is more or less stable in different species of grasshoppers, and in the species studied it fluctuates between 84 and 388 eggs per female.

4. There is no correlation between the potential fertility and the abundance of the species in nature, for the greatest fertility is met with in those species which occur but rarely. The injurious (i.e., very numerous) grasshoppers have a medium, or somewhat less than a medium, potential fertility.

5. The actual fertility is greatly dependent on the environment and has a wide range of fluctuation.

6. Lack of food in reservations was observed to lower the fertility of grasshoppers by 30–40 per cent. The parasites (Blaesoxipha spp., Mermis spp.) greatly reduce the degree of fertility of the Siberian grasshoppers. However, the percentage of infestation by these parasites is low, but in the reservations it is somewhat higher than outside. Thus, the actual fertility in reservations is rather lower than outside.

7. The outbreaks of the Siberian grasshoppers are determined by the climatic and microclimatic conditions. The fluctuations in fertility never have any real importance in causing the outbreaks. Lack of food, parasites, predators and diseases are of minor importance; among the latter the main factors are the diseases of the egg-pods, which again depend on the microclimate.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , September 1934 , pp. 339 - 348
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1934

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baranov, V. I. & Bei-Bienko, G. Y. 1926. Ueber eine phyto-ökologische Charak-teristik der Standorte der saltatoren Orthopteren in Altai. (In Russian, German summary.) —Izv. Zapad.-Sibirsk. Otd. Russk. Geogr. Obshch. 5, pp. 179–198.Google Scholar
Bei-Bienko, G. Y. 1930. The zonal and ecological distribution of Acrididae in West Siberian and Zaisan plains. (In Russian.) —Bull. Plant Prot., Lenin-grad, 1, pp. 51–90.Google Scholar
Berezhkov, R. P. 1929. A note on Chorthippus albomarginatus, DG. (In Russian.) —Izv. Sibirsk. kraev. Stantz. Zasch. Rast., Tomsk, 3pp. 75–84.Google Scholar
Bezrukov, J. G. 1923. Egg-pods of grasshoppers. (In Russian.) —Izv. Sibirsk.Ent. Bur. 2, pp. 25–37.Google Scholar
Goncharova, A. A. 1933. On the structure of the egg-pods and egg-laying in the genus Stenobothrus, Fisch. (In Russian.) —Trudy Zasch. Rast. Vost. Sibiri, Irkutsk, pp. 115–117.Google Scholar
Dufour, L. 1841. Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur les Orthoptères, les Hyménoptères et les Nevroptères. —Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, 7, pp. 265–647, 13 pls.Google Scholar
Lucas, W. J. 1920. A Monograph of the British Orthoptera. London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maltsev, M. V. 1925. On the number of egg-pods in the females of some species of Acrididae. (In Russian.) —Défense des Plantes, Leningrad, 2, pp. 301–306.Google Scholar
Moritz, L. D. 1915. Biological observations on Acrididae of the Turgai province.(In Russian.)—Lyubitel Prirodui, St. Petersburg, reprint 29 pp.Google Scholar
Morse, A. P. 1904. Researches on North American Acrididae.—Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. no. 18, 56 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morse, A. P. 1907. Further researches on North American Acrididae.—Op. cit. 68, 54 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikolskiî, V. V. 1925. The Asiatic Locust. (In Russian.)—Leningrad.Google Scholar
Olsuf'Ev, N. G. 1929. A study on flies parasitic on the Asiatic Locust (Locusta migratoria, L.) and their super-parasites. Part i. Parasites of the larvae and full-grown insects. (In Russian.) —Izv. prikl. Ent., Leningrad, 4, pp. 61–120.Google Scholar
Popova, A. A. 1932. On the biology and significance of the red spider (Eutrom-bidium debilipes, Leonardi) as a parasite of the Migratory Locust (Locusta migratoria, L.). (In Russian.) —Bull. Plant Prot., Leningrad (1 Ent.)no. 3, pp. 131–170.Google Scholar
Ramme, W. 1927. Die Eiablage von Chrvsochraon dispar, Germ.—Z. Morph. Oekol. Tiere, 7, pp. 127–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubtzov, I. A. 1932. The habitats and conditions of grasshopper outbreaks in East Siberia. (In Russian.) —Bull. Plant Prot., Leningrad (1 Ent.) no. 3, pp. 33–130.Google Scholar
Uvarov, B. P. 1928. Locusts and grasshoppers. A handbook for their study and control.—Imp. Bur. Ent., London.Google Scholar
Uvarov, B. P. 1931. Insects and climate.—Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 79, pp. 1–247.Google Scholar
Vestal, A. G. 1913. Local distribution of grasshoppers in relation to plant associations.—Biol. Bull. Woods Hole, Mass. 25, pp. 141–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vinokurov, G. M. & Rubtzov, I. A. 1930. Studies on the ecology of grasshoppers in the Irkutsk region. (In Russian.) —Bull. Irkutsk Plant Prot. Sta. 2, pp. 3–86.Google Scholar