Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T16:50:14.415Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Esterase activity and associated insecticide resistance in the damson-hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

G. A. Lewis  and
D. S. Madge
G. A. Lewis
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Wye College, University of London, Ashford, Kent TN25 5AH, UK
D. S. Madge
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Wye College, University of London, Ashford, Kent TN25 5AH, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Phorodon humuli (Schr.) was obtained from both wild and cultivated hop plants, cultured, and bioassayed using seven different foliar spray insecticides, and the results were assesssed by probit analysis to determine LC50s and LC95s. The wild aphids and their progeny were highly susceptible to the insecticides, whereas those from cultivated hops were generally resistant to them. The level of resistance was related to the source of the original aphid population and the insecticide used. Clones of insecticide-resistant and susceptible aphids were maintained under identical conditions, and individual adult apterae were assayed for total esterase and esterase isoenzyme activities. Total esterase activity was appreciably higher in resistant aphids than in susceptible ones. Resistant aphids were associated with high esterase isoenzyme activity of complex bands II–V, while in susceptible aphids these bands were virtually missing. An insecticide-resistant clone of P. humuli was selected for low esterase activity and a susceptible clone was selected for high esterase activity, over eight generations. Selection pressure was then reversed for a further eight generations. The resistant clone lost its esterase activity by generation six and it remained low thereafter, whereas that of the control stock remained high. By contrast, the esterase activity of the susceptible clone remained unaltered by selection. The resistant clone also lost its resistance to both methomyl and methidathion.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , June 1984 , pp. 227 - 238
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anon. (1976). Integrated control of pests and diseases in hops.—Bull. SROP 1976(2). 66–81.Google Scholar
Baranyovits, F. & Muir, R. C. (1969). Methods for monitoring resistance in aphids.—pp. 98–103in Proceedings of the Fifth British Insecticide & Fungicide Conference,17th to 20th November, 1969,Hotel Metropole,Brighton, England. Vol. 1—pp. 1–297. London, Br. Crop Prot. Coun.Google Scholar
Beck, A. K. & Büchi, R. (1980). Esterasetest zum Nachweis der Insektizidresistenz bei der Hopfenblattlaus, Phorodon humuli Schrk.—Z. angew, Ent. 89, 113–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beranek, A. P. & Berry, R. J. (1974). Inherited changes in enzyme patterns within parthenogenetic clones of Aphis fabae.—J. Entomol. (A) 48, 141–147.Google Scholar
Blackman, R. L. (1971). Variation in the photoperiodic response within natural populations of Myzus persicae (Sulz.).—Bull. ent. Res. 60, 533–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blackman, R. L. (1979). Stability and variation in aphid clonal lineages.—Biol. J. Linnean Soc. Lond. 11, 259–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brader, L. (1977). Resistance in mites and insects affecting orchard crops.—pp. 353–376in Watson, D. L. & Brown, A. W. A. (Eds.). Pesticide management and insecticide resistance.—638 pp. New York, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bunting, S. & van Emden, H. F. (1980). Rapid response to selection for increased esterase activity on small populations of an apomictic clone of Myzus persicae.—Nature, Lond. 285, 502–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulon, J., Lhoste, J. & Missonnier, J. (1967). Agricultural problems as a result of insect resistance to pesticides and research work carried out in France.—pp. 578–579in 6 Int. Pflanzenschutzkongres Wien Abstracts.Google Scholar
Devonshire, A. L. (1975). Studies of the carboxylesterases of Myzus persicae resistant and susceptible to organophosphorus insecticides.—pp. 67–79in Proceedings of the Eighth British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference,17th to 20th November 1975,Hotel Metropole,Brighton, England. Vol. 1.—pp. 1–372. London, Br. Crop Prot. Coun.Google Scholar
Dunn, J. A. & Kempton, D. P. (1966). Non-stable resistance to demeton-methyl in a strain of Myzus persicae.—Entomologia exp. appl. 9, 67–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finney, D. J. (1952). Probit analysis.—2nd edn, 318 pp. Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Flegg, J. J. M. (1978). Zoology.—Rep. E. Mailing Res. Stn 1977, 109–121.Google Scholar
Forgash, A. J. & Hansens, E. J. (1967). Resistance levels in diazinon-pressured and nonpressured polyresistant house flies.—J. econ. Ent. 60, 1241–1247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gomori, G. (1953). Human esterases.—J. Lab. clin. Med. 42, 445–453.Google ScholarPubMed
Gould, H. J. (1965). Resistance to insecticides in pests of horticultural crops in the United Kingdom.—pp. 38–46in Proceedings of the Third British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference,Grand Hotel, Brighton,Sussex, England,November 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th, 1965.—521 pp. London, Br. Crop Prot. Coun.Google Scholar
Hrdý, I. (1975). Insecticide resistance in aphids.—pp. 737–749in Proceedings of the Eighth British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference,17th to 20th November 1975,Hotel Metropole,Brighton, England. Vol. 3.—pp. 719–1069. London, Br. Crop Prot. Coun.Google Scholar
Hrdý, I & Zelený, J. (1968). Hop aphid (Phorodon humuli) resistant to thiometon.—Acta entomol. bohemoslov. 65, 183–187.Google Scholar
Hunter, R. L. & Burnstone, M. S. (1960). The zymogram as a tool for the characterization of enzyme substrate specificity.—J. Histochem. Cytochem. 8, 58–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kojima, K., Kitakata, S., Shiino, A. & Yoshii, T. (1963). On the development and decline of resistance to malathion of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps.—Botyu—Kagaku 28, 13–17.Google Scholar
Markert, C. L. & Hunter, R. L. (1959). The distribution of esterase in mouse tissue.—J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1, 42–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, H. R. (1971). Disc electrophoresis and related techniques of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.—2nd edn, 222 pp. New York, Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Meir, W. (1969). Untersuchungen zum Stand der Insektizidresistenz bei Blattlausen.—Mitt. schweiz. Landw. 17, 65–77.Google Scholar
Muir, R. C. (1979). Insecticide resistance in damson-hop aphid, Phorodon humuli in commercial hop gardens in Kent.—Ann. appl. Biol. 92, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Needham, P. H. & Sawicki, R. M. (1971). Diagnosis of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides in Myzus persicae (Sulz.).—Nature, Lond. 230, 125–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oppenoorth, F. J. & Welling, W. (1976). Biochemistry and physiology of resistance.—pp. 507–551in Wilkinson, C. F. (Ed.). Insecticide biochemistry and physiology.—768 pp. New York, Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potter, C. (1952). An improved laboratory apparatus for applying direct sprays and surface films, with data on the electrostatic charge on atomized spray fluids.—Ann. appl. Biol. 39, 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riskallah, M. R., El-Deeb, W. M. & El-Guindy, M. A. (1979). Esterase activity in relation to insecticides resistance in the Egyptian cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).—Z. angew. Ent. 88, 70–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawicki, R. M., Devonshire, A. L., Payne, R. W. & Petzing, S. M. (1980). Stability of insecticide resistance in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer).—Pestic. Sci. 11, 33–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudderuddin, K. I. (1972). Some biochemical and toxicological studies of organophosphate resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulz.).—184 pp. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. London.Google Scholar
Takada, H. (1979). Esterase variation in Japanese populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae), with special reference to resistance to organophosphorus insecticides.—Appl. Entomol & Zool. 14, 245–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tattersfield, F. & Morris, H. M. (1924). An apparatus for testing the toxic values of contact insecticides under controlled conditions.—Bull. ent. Res. 14, 223–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Asperen, K. (1962). Toxic action of organophosphorus compounds and esterase inhibition in house flies. —Biochem. Pharmac. 3, 136–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, D. E. & Reisfeld, R. A. (1964). Disc electrophoresis in poly-acrylamide gels: extension to new conditions of pH and buffer.—Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 121, 373–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zohren, E. (1972). Ergebnisse eines Versuches zur Bekämpfung der Hopfenblattlaus (Phorodon humuli) mit verschiedenen Insektiziden und Applikationsmethoden.—Z. PflKrankh. PflSchutz 79, 668–676.Google Scholar