Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:01:03.406Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The ecology of lutzomyia umbratilis Ward & Fraiha (Diptera: Psychodidae), the major vector to man of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis in north-eastern Amazonian brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

P. D. Ready ,
R. Lainson ,
J. J. Shaw  and
R. D. Ward
P. D. Ready
Affiliation:
The Wellcome Parasitology Unit, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Fundaçāo SESP, Caixa Postal 3, Belém – 66.000 Pará, Brazil
R. Lainson
Affiliation:
The Wellcome Parasitology Unit, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Fundaçāo SESP, Caixa Postal 3, Belém – 66.000 Pará, Brazil
J. J. Shaw
Affiliation:
The Wellcome Parasitology Unit, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Fundaçāo SESP, Caixa Postal 3, Belém – 66.000 Pará, Brazil
R. D. Ward
Affiliation:
The Wellcome Parasitology Unit, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Fundaçāo SESP, Caixa Postal 3, Belém – 66.000 Pará, Brazil
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A description is given of the phlebotomine faunas of forests in north Pará State, Amazonian Brazil, that are endemic for ‘pian bois’-type dermal leishmaniasis of man caused by Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis. As judged by collections from human baits, mammal-baited traps, CDC miniature light traps and from various resting sites, only the females of Lutzomyia umbratilis Ward & Fraiha have the habits (both arboreal and terrestrial) and abundance (periodic, seasonal and spatial) consistent with being a major vector to man of Leishmania b. guyanensis. Man is at risk of infection by the bite of Lutzomyia umbratilis at any time of the year if he disturbs the females from their daytime resting sites (on and around the bases of the larger forest trees) or if he remains in the forest between late afternoon and dawn (1700–0700 h).

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 76 , Issue 1 , March 1986 , pp. 21 - 40
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arias, J. R. & De Freitas, R. A. (1977a). On the vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Central Amazon of Brazil. I. Preliminary findings.—Acta Amazonica 7, 293–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arias, J. R. & de Freitas, R. A. (1977b). Flebótomos da Amazônia central do Brasil. 1. Resultados obtidos das capturas feitas com iscas humana e eqüina (Diptera, Psychodidae).—Acta Amazonica 7, 507–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arias, J. R. & de Freitas, R. A. (1978). Sobre os vetores de leishmaniose cutânea na Amazônia central do Brasil. 2: incidência de flagelados em flebótomos selváticos.—Acta Amazonica 8, 387–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arias, J. R. & Naiff, R. D. (1981). The principal reservoir host of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the urban areas of Manaus, Central Amazon of Brazil.—Mems Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 76, 279–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arias, J. R., Naiff, R. D., Miles, M. A. & De Souza, A. A. (1981). The opossum, Didelphis marsupialis (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), as a reservoir host of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis in the Amazon Basin of Brazil.—Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 75, 537–541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christensen, H. A., Arias, J. R., De Vasquez, A. M. & De Freitas, R. A. (1982). Hosts of sandfly vectors of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis in the Central Amazon of Brazil.—Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 31, 239–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christensen, H. A. & de Vasquez, A. M. (1982). The tree-buttress biotope: a pathobiocenose of Leishmania braziliensis.—Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 31, 243–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floch, H. (1957). Épidémiologie de la leishmaniose forestière américaine en Guyane française.—Riv. Malar. 36, 233–242.Google Scholar
Forattini, O. P. (1973). Entomologia Médica. 4. Psychodidae. Phlebotominae. Leishmanioses. Bartonelose.—658 pp. Sāo Paulo, Blücher.Google Scholar
Gentile, B., Le Pont, F., Pajot, F. X. & Besnard, R. (1981). Dermal Leishmaniasis in French Guiana: the sloth (Choloepus didactylus) as a reservoir host.—Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 75, 612–613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lainson, R. (1983). The American leishmaniases: some observations on their ecology and epidemiology.—Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 77, 569–596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lainson, R. & Shaw, J. J. (1979). The role of animals in the epidemiology of South American leishmaniasis.—pp. 1–116 in Lumsden, W. H. R. & Evans, D. A. (Eds.). Biology of the Kinetoplastida. Vol. 2.—738 pp. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lainson, R., Shaw, J. J. & Póvoa, M. (1981a). The importance of edentates (sloths and anteaters) as primary reservoirs of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, causative agent of “pian-bois” in north Brazil.—Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 75, 611–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lainson, R., Shaw, J. J., Ready, P. D., Miles, M. A. & Póvoa, M. (1981b). Leishmaniasis in Brazil: XVI. Isolation and identification of Leishmania species from sandflies, wild mammals and man in north Pará State, with particular reference to L. braziliensis guyanensis causative agent of “pian-bois”.—Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 75, 530–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lainson, R., Shaw, J. J., Ward, R. D., Ready, P. D. & Naiff, R. D. (1979). Leishmaniasis in Brazil: XIII. Isolation of Leishmania from armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), and observations on the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north Pará State.—Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 73, 239–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lainson, R., Ward, R. D. & Shaw, J. J. (1976). Cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Brazil: Lutzomyia anduzei as a major vector.—Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 70, 171–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le Pont, F. (1982). La leishmaniose en Guyane française. 2. Fluctuations saisonnières d’abondance et du taux d'infection naturelle de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) umbratilis Ward et Fraiha, 1977.—Cah. ORSTOM, Sér. Entomol. méd. Parasitol. 20, 269–277.Google Scholar
Le Pont, F. & Pajot, F. X. (1980). La leishmaniose en Guyane française. 1. Étude de l'écologie et du taux d'infection naturelle du vecteur Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) umbratilis Ward et Fraiha, 1977 en saison sèche. Considérations épidémiologiques.—Cah. ORSTOM, Sér. Entomol. méd. Para.sitol. 18, 359–382.Google Scholar
Le Pont, F. & Pajot, F. X. (1981). La leishmaniose en Guyane française. 2. Modalités de la transmission dans un village forestier: cacao.—Cah. ORSTOM, Sér. Entomol. med. Parasitol. 19, 223–231.Google Scholar
Le Pont, R., Pajot, F. X. & Reguer, R. (1980). Preliminary observations on the silvatic cycle of leishmaniasis in French Guiana.—Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 74, 133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miles, M. A., de Souza, A. A. & Póvoa, M. (1981). Chagas’ disease in the Amazon Basin. III. Ecotypes of ten triatomine bug species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from the vicinity of Belém, Pará State, Brazil.—J. med. Entomol. 18, 266–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pires, J. M. (1973). Tipos de vegetaçāo da Amazônia.—Publ. Avulsas Museu Goeldi, Belém 20, 179–202.Google Scholar
Ready, P. D., Arias, J. R. & Freitas, R. A. (1985). A pilot study to control Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the major vector of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, in a periurban rainforest of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil.—Mems Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 80, 27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ready, P. D. & Fraiha, H. (1981). Brazilian phlebotomines. VI: Lutzomyia richardwardi sp. n., a new species of Nyssomyia from Amazônia with keys for this subgenus (Diptera, Psychodidae).—Revta bras. Biol. 41, 705–712.Google Scholar
Ready, P. D., Fraiha, H., Lainson, R. & Shaw, J. J. (1980). Psychodopygus as a genus: reasons for a flexible classification of the phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae).—J. med. Entomol. 17, 75–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ready, P. D., Fraiha, H., Lane, R. P., Arias, J. R. & Pajot, F. X. (1982). On distinguishing the female of Psychodopygus wellcomei, a vector of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, from other squamiventris series females. I. Characterization of Ps. squamiventris squamiventris and Ps. s. maripaensis stat. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae).—Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 76, 201–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ready, P. D., Lainson, R. & Shaw, J. J. (1983). Leishmaniasis in Brazil: XX. Prevalence of “enzootic rodent leishmaniasis” (Leishmania mexicana amazonensis), and apparent absence of “pian bois” (Le. braziliensis guyanensis), in plantations of introduced tree species and in other non-climax forests in eastern Amazônia.—Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 77, 775–785.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ready, P. D., Lainson, R. & Shaw, J. J. (1984). Habitat and seasonality of Psychodopygus wellcomei help incriminate it as a vector of Leishmania braziliensis in Amazônia and northeast Brazil.—Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 78, 543–544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richards, P. W. (1952). The tropical rain forest.—Cambridge University Press. (1976 reprint).Google Scholar
Shaw, J. J. (1981). The behaviour of Endotrypanum schaudinni in three species of laboratory-bred sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and its influence on the classification of the genus Leishmania.—pp. 232–241 in Canning, E. U. (Ed.). Parasitological topics. A presentation volume to P. C. C. Garnham, F.R.S. on the occasion of his 80th birthday 1981.—289 pp. London, Society of Protozoologists, Special Publication No. 1.Google Scholar
Siegel, S. (1956). Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences.—312 pp. New York, McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Ward, R. D. (1977). The colonization of Lutzomyia flaviscutellata (Diptera: Psychodidae), a vector of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis in Brazil.—J. med. Entomol. 14, 469–476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, R. D. & Fraiha, H. (1977). Lutzomyia umbratilis, a new species of sand fly from Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae).—J. med. Entomol. 14, 313–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wijers, D. J. B. & Linger, R. (1966). Man-biting sandflies in Surinam (Dutch Guiana): Phlebotomus anduzei as a possible vector of Leishmania braziliensis.—Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 60, 501–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar