Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T21:25:27.219Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dispersal of apterous aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) from their host plant and its significance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Chris Hodgson
Chris Hodgson*
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Wye College, UK
*
Dr C.J. Hodgson, Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Wye College (University of London), Nr Ashford, Kent, TN25 5AH, UK.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Dispersal of apterae from their natal plant was monitored for three aphid species (Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) and Megoura viciae Buckton), each on a different host plant. Some movement off the plant occurred even in the initial parental and second generations, when the plant appeared to be growing normally and when crowding was unlikely to be the cause. However, in most experiments the most marked increase in apterous dispersal coincided with a reduction or even cessation of plant growth. In nearly all the experiments this dispersal occurred when the population on the natal plant exceeded about 20 adults and their offspring per plant. The main emigrants were fourth instar apterae and prelarviposition adult apterae. The implications of this behaviour are discussed, and it is argued that apterous dispersal might be common in aphids, allowing a fuller utilization of the environment than would be likely by alate dispersal alone.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 81 , Issue 4 , December 1991 , pp. 417 - 427
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Broadbent, L. (1965) The importance of alate aphids in virus spread within crops. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Entomology,London, (1964) 523–524.Google Scholar
Dixon, A.F.G., Kindlmann, P., Leps, J. & Holman, J. (1987) Why there are so few species of aphids, especially in the tropics. American Naturalist 129, 580–592.Google Scholar
Doncaster, J.P. (1943) The life history of Aphis (Doralis) rhamni B.df. in eastern England. Annals of Applied Biology 30, 101–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elbakhiet, I.B. (1979) Some factors affecting inter-plant movement of apterous Myzus persicae (Sulzer). PhD thesis, Wye College, University of London.Google Scholar
Hardie, J. (1980) Behavioural differences between alate and apterous larvae of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae: dispersal from the host plant. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 28, 338–340.Google Scholar
Hodgson, C.J. (1977) The biology of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Brevicoryne brassicae L. on healthy and cabbage black rings pot virus-infected turnips. PhD thesis, Wye College. University of London.Google Scholar
Hodgson, C.J. (1978) The distribution and movement of apterous Myzus persicae on rapidly growing turnip plants. Ecological Entomology 3, 289–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, R.D. (1963) Population dynamics of the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L. Journal of Animal Ecology 32, 393–424.Google Scholar
Ito, Y. (1952) On the population increase and the migration in three species of barley aphids. Studies on the mechanisms of ecological segregation in barley aphids. Oyo-Kontyu 7, 169–176.Google Scholar
Ito, Y. (1960) Ecological studies on the population increase and habitat segregation among barley aphids. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences 11, 45–130.Google Scholar
Jensen, R.E. & Wallis, J.R. (1965) Weather and aphids. A review. Technical Note, US Weather Bureau, 5-AGMET 1, 1–19.Google Scholar
Jepson, P.C. (1983) A controlled environment study of the effect of leaf physiological age on the movement of apterous Myzus persicae on sugar beet plants. Annals of Applied Biology 103, 173–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, C.G. (1969) Migration and dispersal of insects by flight. 763 pp. London, Methuen.Google Scholar
Kidd, N.A.C. (1976) Aggregation in the lime aphid (Eucallipterus tiliae L.). 2. Social aggregation. Oecologia 25, 175–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madden, L.V., Pirone, T.P. & Raccah, B. (1987) Analysis of spatial patterns of virus-diseased tobacco plants. Phytopathology 77, 1409–1417.Google Scholar
Montgomery, M.E. & Nault, L.R. (1977) Aphid alarm pheromone: Dispersion of Hyadaphis erysomi and Myzus persicae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 70, 669–672.Google Scholar
Murdie, G. (1969) The biological consequences of decreased size caused by crowding or rearing temperatures in apterae of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London 121, 443–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niku, B. (1975) Verhalten und Fruchtbarkeit ungeflügelter Erbsenlause (Acyrthosiphon pisum) nach einer Fallreaktion. Entomologia Exprimentalis et Applicata 18, 17–30.Google Scholar
Ootake, A. (1954) The fluctuation of aphid populations. Oyo-Kontyu 10, 23–28.Google Scholar
Phelan, P.L., Montgomery, M.E. & Nault, L.R. (1976) Orientation and locomotion of apterous aphids dislodged from their hosts by alarm pheromone. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 69, 1153–1156.Google Scholar
Ribbands, C.R. (1965) The significance of apterous aphids in the spread of viruses within agricultural crops. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Entomology,London (1964), 525–526.Google Scholar
Roitburg, B.D., Myers, J.H. & Frazer, B.D. (1979) The influence of predators on the movement of apterous pea aphids between plants. Journal of Animal Ecology 48, 111–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starkes, K.J. & Burton, R.L. (1977) Greenbugs: a comparison of the mobility on resistant and susceptible varieties of four small grains. Journal of Environmental Entomology 6, 331–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamaki, G., Halfhill, J.E. & Hathway, D.O. (1970) Dispersal and reduction of colonies of pea aphids by Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63, 973–980.Google Scholar
Thresh, J.M. (1976) Gradients of plant virus diseases. Annals of Applied Biology 82, 381–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Way, M.J. (1968) Intra-specific mechanisms with special reference to aphid populations. pp. 18–36in Southwood, T.R.E. (Ed.) Insect abundance. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications. (Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London No. 4.)Google Scholar
Way, M.J. & Banks, C.J. (1967) Intraspecific mechanisms in relation to the natural regulation of numbers of Aphis fabae Scop. Annals of Applied Biology 59, 189–205.Google Scholar
Way, M.J. & Cammell, M.E. (1970) Self regulation in aphid populations. Proceedings of the Advance Study Institute on Dynamics of Numbers in Populations.Oostbeeke, The Netherlands, 1970, 232–239.Google Scholar