Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:04:45.044Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparative studies on populations of Pauesia juniperorum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a biological control agent for Cinara cupressivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M.T.K. Kairo  and
S.T. Murphy
M.T.K. Kairo*
Affiliation:
CABI Bioscience, UK Centre, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7TA, UK
S.T. Murphy
Affiliation:
CABI Bioscience, UK Centre, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7TA, UK
*
*Center for Biological Control, College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture, Florida A & M University, Room 310, Perry Paige (South), Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA; Fax: 850 561 2221 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Pauesia juniperorum (Starý), a solitary endoparasitoid which attacks several Cinara spp. in the subgenus Cupressobium, was introduced into Africa for the control of the cypress aphid Cinara cupressivora Watson & Voegtlin (previously identified as Cinara cupressi (Buckton)) and is now established. Data on its biology including a comparison of populations from different hosts and geographical locations are presented. From the UK this consisted of populations reared from Cinara cupressivora, Cinara fresai Blanchard and Cinara juniperi De Geer, and from France, Cinara ?fresai. Between different populations, the duration of development varied within a narrow range (15.5–18.1 days) at 22°C. Data on duration of development over a range of temperatures (15–26°C) for two populations, from the UK and France ranged between 14.0–31.4 days for males and 14.7–32.8 days for females. The threshold temperature for development was 6.2°C and 4.1°C for the populations from the UK and France, respectively. The mean egg load for different populations ranged between 46.4 and 78.5 eggs. The host species had a significant effect on egg load which was directly related to size of the respective host aphids. The lowest egg load was recorded on specimens reared from C. cupressivora which was the smallest aphid. The population from the UK had a higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.232) than the one from France (0.207).

Keywords

biological controlparasitoidscypress aphidPauesia juniperorumCinara cupressivora
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 95 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 597 - 603
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Birch,, L.C. (1948) The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population. Journal of Animal Ecology 17, 15–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell,, A., Frazer,, B.D., Gilbert,, N., Gutierrez,, A.P. & Mackauer,, M. (1974) Temperature requirements of aphids and their parasitoids. Journal of Applied Ecology 11, 431–438CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carver,, M. (1989) Biological control of aphids. pp. 141–165Minks,, A.K. & Harrewijn,, P. (Eds) Aphids: their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. C. World crop pests 2C. Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Chilima,, C.Z. (1995) Cypress aphid control: first African release of Pauesia juniperorum. FRIM Newsletter 74, 2Google Scholar
Clausen,, C.P. (1978) Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. 545 pp. Agriculture Handbooks, United States Department of Agriculture No. 480Google Scholar
Chow,, A. & Mackauer,, M. (1986) Host discrimination and larval competition in the aphid parasite Ephedrus californicus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 41, 243–254CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen,, M.B. & Mackauer,, M. (1987) Intrinsic rate of increase and temperature coefficients of the aphid parasite Ephedrus californicus Baker (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Canadian Entomologist 119, 231–237CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day,, R., Kairo,, M.T.K., Abraham,, Y.J., Kfir,, R., Murphy,, S.T., Mutitu,, K.E. & Chilima,, C. (2003) Homopteran pests of conifers. pp. 101 –112in Neuenschwander,, P. & Borgemeister,, C. (Eds) Biological control in IPM systems in Africa. Wallingford, CAB International.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dransfield,, R.D. (1979) Aspects of host–parasitoid interactions of two aphid parasitoids, Aphidius urticae (Haliday) and Aphidius uzbeckistanicus (Luzhetski) (Hymenoptera, Aphididae). Ecological Entomology 4, 307–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godfray,, H.C.J. (1994) Parasitoids: behavioural and evolutionary ecology. 473 pp. Princeton New Jersey, Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagvar,, E.B. & Hofsvang,, T. (1990) Fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase of the aphid parasitoid Ephedrus cerasicola Stary (Hym., Aphidiidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 109, 262–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagvar,, E.B. & Hofsvang,, T. (1991) Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae): biology, host selection and use in biological control. Biocontrol News and Information 12, 13–41Google Scholar
Hofsvang,, T. & Hagvar,, E. (1986) Oviposition behaviour of Ephedrus cerasicola (Hym.: Aphidiidae) parasitizing different instars of its aphid host. Entomophaga 31, 261–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huffaker,, C.B., Luck,, R.F. & Messenger,, P. (1977) The ecological basis of biological control. pp. 560–586 in Proceedings of the fifteenth International Congress of Entomology19–27 August 1976Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Hughes,, R.D., Hughes,, M.A., Aeschlimann,, J.P., Woolcock,, L.T. & Carver,, M. (1992) An attempt to anticipate biological control of Diuraphis noxia (Hom, Aphididae). Entomophaga 39, 211–223CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kairo,, M.T.K. & Murphy,, S. (1999) Host age choice for oviposition in Pauesia juniperorum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidinae) and its effect on the parasitoid's biology and host population growth. Biocontrol Science and Technology 9, 475–486CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirsten,, F. & Kfir,, R. (1991) Rate of development, host instar preference and progeny distribution by Pauesia sp. (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a parasitoid of Cinara cronartii Tissot & Pepper (Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 54, 75–80Google Scholar
Mackauer,, M. (1983) Determination of parasite preference by choice tests: the Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Apidiidae) – pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) model. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76, 256–261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackauer,, M. & Chow,, F. (1986) Parasites and parasite impact on aphid populations. pp. 95–118in McLean,, G.D., Garret,, R.G. & Ruesink,, W.G. (Eds) Plant virus epidemics: monitoring, modeling and predicting outbreaks. Sydney, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Marsh,, P.M. (1979) Family Aphdiidae. pp. 295–313in Krombein,, K.V., Hund,, P.D., Smith,Jr, D.R. Jr, D.R. & Burks,, B.C. (Eds) Catalogue, Hymenoptera in North America north of Maxico Vol. 1. Symphyta, Apocrita (Parasitica) Washington DC, Smithsonian Institute Press.Google Scholar
Mills,, N.J. (1990) Biological control of forest aphid pests in Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, 31–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy,, S.T., Chilima,, C.Z., Cross,, A.C., Abraham,, Y.J., Kairo,, M.T.K., Allard,, G.B. & Day,, R. (1994) Exotic conifer aphids in Africa: ecology and biological control. pp. 63–76in Leather,, S.R., Watt,, A.D., Mills,, N.J. & Walters,, K.F.A. (Eds) Individuals, populations and patterns in ecology. Andover, UK, Intercept.Google Scholar
Nemec,, V. & Starý,, P. (1984) Population diversity of Diaretiella rapae (M'Int) (Hym., Aphididae) and aphid parasitoid in agroecosystems. Zeitchrift für Angwandte Entomologie 97, 223–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norusis,, M.J. (1993) SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide: Release 6.0. 828 pp. Chicago, SPSS Inc.Google Scholar
Powell,, W. & Wright,, A. (1988) The abilities of the aphid parasitoids Aphidius ervi Haliday and Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani Perez (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to transfer between different known host species and the implications for the use of alternative hosts in pest control strategies. Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 683–693CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pungerl,, N.B. (1984) Host preference of Aphidius (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) populations parasitising pea and cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 74, 153–161CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starý,, P. (1960) A taxonomic revision of the European species of the genus Paraphidius Starý (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Prague 6, 5–44Google Scholar
Starý,, P. (1961) Some synonymical notes on the Aphidiidae (Hymenoptera). Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Biologica, Prague 34, 21–25Google Scholar
Starý,, P. (1968) Geographic distribution and faunistic complexes of parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in relation to biological control of aphids (Homoptera: Aphidoidea). Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Biologica, Prague 42, 23–89Google Scholar
Starý,, P. (1970) Biology of aphid parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) with respect to integrated control. 643 pp. The Hague, Dr W. Junk, B.V. Publishers.Google Scholar
Starý,, P. (1976) Aphid parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) of the Mediterranean area. The Hague, Dr W. Junk, B.V. Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starý,, P. (1988) Aphidiidae. pp. 171–184 in Minks,, A.K. & Harrewijn,, P. (Eds) Aphids: their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. B.; World crop pests 2B Amsterdam Elsevier, Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Steenis,, M.J. (1995) Evaluation of four aphidiine parasitoids for biological control of Aphis gossypii. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 75, 151–157CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson,, G.W., Voegtlin,, D.J., Murphy,, S.T. & Foottit,, R. (1999) Biogeography of the Cinara cupressi complex (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Cupressaceae, with description of a pest species introduced into Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 89, 271–283CrossRefGoogle Scholar