Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T09:16:14.080Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of temperature and humidity on the bionomics of six African egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

A. Kalyebi ,
W.A. Overholt ,
F. Schulthess ,
J.M. Mueke  and
S. Sithanantham
A. Kalyebi*
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
W.A. Overholt
Affiliation:
Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
F. Schulthess
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
J.M. Mueke
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya
S. Sithanantham
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
*
*Fax: 256 41 531061 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The life table statistics of six native Kenyan species/strains of Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea were established using a factitious host Corcyra cephalonica, Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), at eight different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32 and 35°C) and two humidity levels (40–50 and 70–80%). The objective was to select insects with superior attributes for augmentative release against lepidopteran pests in horticultural crops. Both temperature and humidity affected developmental time and life table parameters of the parasitoids but temperature played a more critical role. Developmental time was inversely related to temperature. The intrinsic and finite rates of increase increased with temperature up to 30°C. Both net reproduction rate and intrinsic rate of increase were higher at the lower humidity. Temperature inversely affected generation time of parasitoid strains regardless of the relative humidity. Two strains of Trichogramma sp. nr. mwanzai collected from both low and medium altitudes and Trichogrammatoidea sp. nr. lutea from the mid-altitudes, were better adapted to both low and high temperatures than the other strains, as indicated by the high intrinsic and net reproductive rates, at both humidity levels. These three strains appear to be promising candidates for augmentation biocontrol against the African bollworm Helicoverpa armigera in Kenya.

Keywords

developmental timelife tablestemperaturehumidityegg parasitoids
Type
Review Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 96 , Issue 3 , June 2006 , pp. 305 - 314
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bellows, T.S., Van Driesch, R.G., Elkinton, J.S. (1992) Life table construction and analysis in the evaluation of natural enemies. Annual Review of Entomology 37, 587–614CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bleicher, E., Parra, J.R.P. (1990) Especies de Trichogramma parasitoides de Alabama argillacea. II. Tabela de vida de fertilidae e parasitismo de tres populaceos. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 25, 207–214Google Scholar
Boudreaux, H.B. (1958) The effect of relative humidity on egg-laying, hatching and survival in various spider mites. Journal of Insect Physiology 2, 65–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyne, J.V., Hain, F.P. (1983) Effects of constant temperature, relative humidity, and simulated rainfall on development and survival of the spruce spider mite Oligonychus ununguis (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Canadian Entomologist 115, 93–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvin, D.D., Knapp, M.C., Welch, S.M., Poston, F.L., Elzinga, R.J. (1984) Impact of environmental factors on Trichogramma pretiosum reared on southwestern corn borer eggs. Environmental Entomology 13, 774–780CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, A., Frazer, B.D., Gilbert, N., Gutierrez, A.P., Mackauer, M. (1974) Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites. Journal of Applied Ecology 11, 431–438CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, J.R. (1993) Applied demography for biologists with special emphasis on insects 206 New York Oxford University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cave, R.D., Gaylor, M.J. (1988) Influence of temperature and relative humidity on development and survival of Telenomus reynoldsi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitizing Geocoris punctipes (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) eggs. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81, 278–285CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chabi-Olaye, A., Schulthess, F., Shanower, T.G., Bosque-Pérez, N.A. (1997) Factors influencing the bionomics of Telenomus busseolae (Gahan) (Hym.: Scelionidae) an egg parasitoid of Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lep.: Noctuidae). Biological Control 8, 15–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chabi-Olaye, A., Schulthess, F., Poehling, H.M., Borgemeister, C. (2001) Factors affecting the biology of Telenomus isis (Polaszek) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of cereal stem borers in West Africa. Biological Control 21, 44–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chabi-Olaye, A., Fiaboe, M.K., Schulthess, F. (2004) Host suitability and thermal requirements of Lathromeris ovicida Risbec (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) egg parasitoid of cereal stem-borers in Africa. Biological Control 30, 617–623CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cloudsley-Thopmson, J.L. (1962) Microclimates and the distribution of terrestrial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology 7, 199–221Google Scholar
Corbet, S.A. (1968) The influence of Ephestia kuehniella on the development of its parasite Nemeritis canescens. Journal of Experimental Biology 48, 292–304CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbett, J.D. & O'Brien, R.F. (1997) The spatial characterization tool-Africa v. 1.0 Texas Agricultural Experimental Station, Texas Ä University System, Blackland Research Center report No. 907–03.Google Scholar
DeBach, P. (1965a) Some biological and ecological phenomena associated with colonizing entomophagous insects.pp 287 – 306 Baker, H.G., Stebbins, G.L.The genetics of colonizing species, New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
DeBach, P. (1965b) Weather and the success of parasites in population regulation. Canadian Entomologist 76, 848–863CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dent, D. (1991) Insect pest management. 432Wallingford: Oxon CAB International.Google Scholar
Dent, D.R., Walton, M.P.(1997) Methods in agricultural and ecological entomology, pp.387Wallingford: Oxon CAB International.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dreyer, H., Baumgartner, J. (1996) Temperature influence on cohort parameters and demographic characteristics of the two cowpea coreids, Clavigralla tomentosicollis and C. shadabi. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 78, 201–213CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, G., Kibata, G.N., Sutherland, J.A. (1995) A review of crop protection research in Kenya KARI/ODA Crop Protection Project. KARI National Agricultural Research Laboratories, 165 pp.Google Scholar
Gautam, R.D. (1986) Effect of different temperatures and relative humidities on the efficacy of the parasitoid Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in the laboratory. Journal of Entomological Research 10, 34–39Google Scholar
Godfray, H.C.J. (1994) Parasitoids, pp.473Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, H.R. (1988) Effect of temperature, humidity and free water on the number and normalcy of Trichogramma retiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) emerging from eggs of Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 17, 470–475CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haile, A.T., Hassan, S.A., Ogol, C.P.K.O., Baumgartner, J., Sithanantham, S., Monje, J.C., Zebitz, C.P.W. (2002a) Temperature-dependent development of four egg parasitoid Trichogramma species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology 12, 555–567CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haile, A.T., Hassan, S.A., Sithanantham, S., Ogol, C.K.P.O., Baumgartner, J. (2002b) Comparative life table analysis of Trichogramma bournieri Pintureau and Babault and Trichogramma sp. nr. mwanzai Shulten and Feijen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from Kenya. Journal of Applied Entomology 126, 287–292CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, R.A., Smith, A.G. (1961) The influence of temperature and relative humidity on the development of eggs and on the effectiveness of ovicides against Tetranychus telarius (L.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). New Zealand Journal of Science 4, 540–549Google Scholar
Hassan, S.A. (1994) Strategies to select Trichogramma species for use in biological control.pp.55 – 71 Wajnberg, E., Hassan, S.A.Biological control with egg parasitoids, Wallingford: Oxon CAB InternationalGoogle Scholar
Hodgman, C.D. (1948) Handbook of chemistry and physics 2628 Cleveland, Ohio Chemical Rubber Publ. CoGoogle Scholar
Hokkanen, H.M.T. (1985) Success in classical biological control. CRC Critical Reviews in Plant Science 3, 35–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulting, F.L., Orr, D.B., Obrycki, J.J. (1990) A computer program for calculation and statistical comparison of the intrinsic rate of increase and associated life table parameters. Florida Entomologist 73, 602–612CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikin, R., Schulten, G.G.M., De Borhegyi, I. (1993) Report of regional seminar on the development and application of integrated pest management on vegetables in Africa. 20–30 November 1992, Dakar, Senegal. Plant Protection Bulletin 41, 155–160Google Scholar
Jong, D.J. (1963) Onderzoek met een sluipwesp in boomgaarden. Friutteelt 53, 152–153Google Scholar
Kalyebi, A., Overholt, W.A., Schulthess, F., Mueke, J.M., Hassan, S.A., Sithanantham, S. (2005a) Functional response of six indigenous trichogrammatid egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Kenya: influence of temperature and relative humidity. Biological Control 32, 164–171Google Scholar
Kalyebi, A., Sithanantham, S., Overholt, W.A., Hassan, S.A., Mueke, J.M. (2005b) Parasitism, longevity and progeny production of six indigenous Kenyan trichogrammatid egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) at different temperature and relative humidity regimes. Biocontrol Science and Technology 15, 255–270Google Scholar
Karel, A.K. (1985) Yield loss from bean pod borers, Maruca testulalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and H. armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and control. Journal of Economic Entomology 78, 1323–1326Google Scholar
Kot, J. (1979) Analysis of factors affecting the phytophage reduction by Trichogramma Westw. species. Population Ecological Studies 5, 5–59Google Scholar
Li, C., Li, S.Q., Guo, B.F. (1987) Studies on the temperature threshold of cotton bollworm development in varying temperature environments. Acta Entomologica Sinica 30, 253–258Google Scholar
Li, L.-Y. (1994) Worldwide use of Trichogramma for biological control on different crops: a survey, pp. 37–54Wajnberg, E., Hassan, S.A.Biological control with egg parasitoids, Wallingford: Oxon CAB International.Google Scholar
Maceda, A., Hohmann, C.L., Santos, H.R. (1994) Comparative life table for Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogramma annulata De Santis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Revista do Setor de Ciencias Agrarias 13, 279–281Google Scholar
Malik, F.M. (2001) Some biological attributes of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) at high temperatures in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) eggs. Online Journal of Biological Science 1, 485–487Google Scholar
Messenger, P.S. (1968) Bioclimatic studies on the aphid parasite Praon exsoletum: effects of temperature on the functional response of females to varying host densities. Canadian Entomologist 100, 728–740CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Messenger, P.S. (1970) Bioclimatic inputs to biological control and pest management programs, pp.84 – 99 Rabb, R.L., Guthric, F.E. (Eds) Concepts of pest management. Raleigh, North Carolina State UniversityGoogle Scholar
Messenger, P.S., Wilson, F., Whitten, M.J. (1976a) Variation, fitness and adaptability of natural enemies.pp.209 – 231 Huffaker, C.B.Messenger, P.S.Theory and practice of biological control, New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Messenger, P.S., Biliotti, E., van den, Bosch R. (1976b) The importance of natural enemies in integrated control. pp.543–563Huffaker, C.B., Messenger, P.S.Theory and practice of biological control. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muholo, C.A. (2002) Studies on potential host range and non-target risk assessment of trichogrammatid egg parasitoids in Kenya.MSc thesis, Addis-Ababa University, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Nechols, J.R., Tracy, J.L., Vogt, E.A. (1989) Comparative ecological studies of indigenous egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae; Encrytidae) of the squash bug, Anasa tristus (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 62, 177–188Google Scholar
Noldus, L.P.J.J. (1989) Semiochemicals, foraging behaviour and quality of entomophagous insects of biological control. Journal of Applied Entomology 108, 425–451CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ochiel, G.R.S. (1989) Biology of Trichogramma sp.nr. exiguum Pinto and Platner (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on some lepidopteran hosts in south Nyanza, Kenya. 140 pp. MPhil. thesis, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Odum, E.P. (1983) Basic ecology, pp.613New York: Holt-Saunders International EditionGoogle Scholar
Orphanides, G.M., Gonzalez, D. (1971) Fertility and life table studies with Trichogramma pretiosum and T. retorridum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 64, 824–834CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pak, G.A., Oatman, R. (1982) Comparative life table, behaviour and competition studies of Trichogramma brevicapillum and Trichogramma pretiosum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 32, 68–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedigo, L.P. (1989) Entomology and pest management, pp.646New York: Macmillan Publishing CompanyGoogle Scholar
Pratissoli, D. (1995) Bioecologia de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879, nas tracas, Scrobipalpuloides absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) e Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873), em tomateiro. Piracicaba: Doutorado-Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/USP, 53 pp.Google Scholar
Rahim, A., Hashmi, A.A., Khan, N.A. (1991) Effects of temperature and humidity on longevity and development of Ooencyrtus papilionis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasite of the sugarcane pest, Pyrilla perpusilla Walker (Hymenoptera: Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Environmental Entomology 20, 774–775CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rechav, Y. (1978) Biological and ecological studies of the parasitoid Chelonus inanitus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Israel. III. Effects of temperature, humidity and food on the survival of the adult. Entomophaga 23, 89–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rivard, I. (1961a) Influence of temperature and humidity on mortality and rate of development of immature stages of the mite Tyrophagous putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acarina: Acaridae) reared on mold cultures. Canadian Journal of Zoology 39, 419–426CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rivard, I. (1961b) Influence of temperature and humidity on longevity, fecundity, and rate of increase of the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acarina: Acaridae) reared on mold cultures. Canadian Journal of Zoology 39, 869–876CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberg, N.J., Blad, B.L., Verma, S.B. (1983) Microclimate the biological environment 459 New York WileyGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute (2000) SAS/STAT User's Guide, release version 8.2 Cary, North Carolina SAS InstituteGoogle Scholar
Singh, P., Ashby, M.D. (1985) Insect rearing management Handbook of insect rearing, Vol. 1 185 – 215 Singh P. Moore R.F. Amsterdam ElsevierGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. (1992) Effect of temperature on life history of Anisopteromalus calandrae parasitising maize weevil larvae in kernels. Environmental Entomology 21, 877–887CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. (1993) Effect of humidity on life history characteristics of Anisopteromalus calandrae parasitising maize weevil larvae in shelled corn. Environmental Entomology 22, 618–624Google Scholar
Smith, C. (1994) Temperature influences functional response of Anisopteromalus calandrae parasitising maize weevil larvae in shelled corn. Environmental Entomology 87, 849–855Google Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. (1978) Ecological methods 524 New York WileyGoogle Scholar
Taylor, F. (1981) Ecology and evolution of physiological time in insects. American Naturalist 117, 1–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsai, J.H., Wang, K. (1999) Life table study of brown citrus aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) at different temperatures. Environmental Entomology 28, 412–419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uzun, S., Akten, T. (1992) The effect of different temperatures on biology of Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal. pp. 409 – 410 in Proceedings of the Second Turkish National Congress of Entomology.Google Scholar
van Den berg, H., Cock, M.J.W., Oduor, G.I., Onsongo, E.K. (1993) Incidence of H. armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its natural enemies on smallholder crops in Kenya. Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, 321–328CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Bosch, R.V.D., Messenger, P.S. (1973) Biological control 180 Aylesbury, Bucks International Text Book Company LimitedGoogle Scholar
Wagner, T.L., Wu, H.I., Sharpe, P.J.H., Schoolfield, R.M., Coulson, R.N. (1984) Modeling insect development rates: a literature review and application of a biophysical model. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 77, 208–225Google Scholar
Hassan, S.A. (1994) Strategies to select Trichogramma species for use in biological control. pp. 55– 71 in Wajnberg, E. & Hassan, S.A. (Eds) Biological control with egg parasitoids. Wallingford, Oxon, CAB International.Google Scholar
Willmer, P.G. (1982) Microclimate and the environmental physiology of insects. Advances in Insect Physiology 16, 1–57CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilmer, P. (1986) Microclimatic effects on insects at the plant surface Insects and the plant surface 63 – 80 Juniper B Southwood T. London ArnoldGoogle Scholar
Yadav, R.P., Chaudhary, J.P. (1987) Effect of temperature and relative humidity on longevity and development of the parasitoid, Tetrastichus pyrillae Crawford (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Insect Science and Its Application 8, 39–41Google Scholar
Yadav, R.P., Chaudhary, J.P. (1988) Studies on the combined effects of constant temperature and relative humidity on progeny production and sex ratio of Cheiloneurus pyrillae Mani, an egg parasitoid of Pyrilla perpusilla Walker. Beitrage zur Entomologie 38, 233–238Google Scholar
Yadav, R.P., Chaudhary, J.P. (1986) Longevity and development of the egg parasitoid, Cheiloneurus pyrillae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) at different combinations of temperature and relative humidity. Entomophaga 31, 107–111CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, P.J., Carey, J.R., Dowell, R.V. (1994) Temperature influences on the development and demography of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China. Environmental Entomology 23, 971–974Google Scholar
Zar, J.H. (1996) Biostatistical analysis 3rd edn.. 662 pp. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.Google Scholar