Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:41:41.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The absolute efficiency of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), milk-carton pheromone traps

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

R. A. J. Taylor ,
M. L. McManus  and
C. W. Pitts
R. A. J. Taylor*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, USA
M. L. McManus
Affiliation:
USDA Forest Service, Forest Insect and Disease Laboratory, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, USA
C. W. Pitts
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
*
Dr R.A.J. Taylor, Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691USA.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Catches by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus)) ‘milk-carton’ pheromone traps with (+)-disparlure were compared with estimates of the absolute aerial density of gypsy moths obtained using a suction trap of known absolute sampling efficiency. The mean number of male L. dispar caught per pheromone trap per day was found to be proportional to the 2/3 power of the suction trap's estimate of aerial density. We infer that the efficiency of the gypsy moth milk-carton pheromone trap is density-dependent, declining as aerial density increases. The significance of the density-dependent efficiency and the mode of action of attractant traps are discussed, and the problems of designing and building suction traps to standardize pheromone traps for other species are also considered. It is concluded that standardization is only possible when some basic biology is known because pheromone trap parameters are specific to the field behaviour of the species.

Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 81 , Issue 1 , March 1991 , pp. 111 - 118
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aylor, D.E., Parlange, J.Y. & Granett, J. (1976) Turbulent dispersion of disparlure in the forest and male gypsy moth response. Environmental Entomology 5, 1026–1032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, T.C. & Cardé, R.T. (1978) Disruption of gypsy moth male sex pheromone behavior by high frequency sound. Environmental Entomology 7, 45–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedict, J.H., Urban, T.C., George, D.M., Segers, J.C., Anderson, D.J., McWhorter, G.M. & Zummo, G.R. (1985) Pheromone trap thresholds for management of overwintered boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78, 169–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bidlingmayer, W.L. (1964) The effect of moonlight on the flight activity of mosquitoes. Ecology 45, 87–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burkholder, W.E. & Ma, M. (1985) Pheromones for monitoring and control of stored-product insects. Annual Review of Entomology 30, 257–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, R.W. (1963) Some factors that distort the sex ratio of the gypsy moth Porthetria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Canadian Entomologist 95, 465–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campion, D.G., Bettany, B.W., McGinnigle, J.B. & Taylor, L.R. (1977) The distribution and migration of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in relation to meteorology on Cyprus, interpreted from maps of pheromone samples. Bulletin of Entomological Research 67, 501–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlton, R.E. & Cardé, R.T. (1983) Rate and diel periodicity of pheromone emission from female gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) determined with a glass-adsorption collection system. Journal of Insect Physiology 28, 423–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, C.W. & Potts, S.F. (1932) Attractants for the flying gipsy moths as an aid in locating new infestations. US Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 336, 1–43.Google Scholar
David, C.T., Kennedy, J.S., Ludlow, A.R., Perry, J.N. & Wall, C. (1982) A reappraisal of insect flight towards a distant point source of wind-borne odor. Journal of Chemical Ecology 8, 1207–1215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
David, C.T., Kennedy, J.S. & Ludlow, A.R. (1983) Finding of a sex pheromone source by gypsy moths released in the field. Nature 303, 804–806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doane, C.C. & Cardé, R.T. (1973) Competition of gypsy moth males at a sex-pheromone source and a mechanism for terminating searching behaviour. Environmental Entomology 2, 603–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elkinton, J.S. (1987) Changes in efficiency of the pheromone-baited milk-carton trap as it fills with male gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 80, 754–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elkinton, J.S. & Cardé, R.T. (1983) Appetitive flight behavior of male gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Environmental Entomology 12, 1702–1707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elkinton, J.S. & Cardé, R.T. (1984) Effect of wild and laboratory-reared female gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), on the capture of males in pheromone-baited traps. Environmental Entomology 13, 1377–1385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elkinton, J.S. & Cardé, R.T. (1988) Effects of intertrap distance and wind direction on the interaction of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pheromone-baited traps. Environmental Entomology 17, 764–769CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elkinton, J.S. & Cardé, R.T. & Mason, C.J. (1984) Evaluation of time-average dispersion models for estimating pheromone concentration in a deciduous forest. Journal of Chemical Ecology 7, 1081–1108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elkinton, J.S. & Childs, R.D. (1983) Efficiency of two gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pheromone-baited traps. Environmental Entomology 12, 1519–1525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferro, D.N. & Weber, D.C. (1988) Managing sweet corn pests in Massachusetts. University of Massachusetts Cooperative Extension Publication AG-335, 1–8.Google Scholar
Forbush, E.H. & Fernald, C.H. (1896) The gypsy moth. 335 pp. Boston, Wright & Potter.Google Scholar
Glen, D.M. & Brain, P. (1982) Pheromone-trap catch in relation to the phenology of codling moth (Cydia pomonella). Annals of Applied Biology 101, 429–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granett, J. (1974) Estimation of male mating potential of gypsy moths with disparlure baited traps. Environmental Entomology 3, 383–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenewalt, C.H. (1962) Dimensional relationships for flying animals. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 144(2), 1–46.Google Scholar
Hartstack, A.W., Hollingsworth, J.P., Witz, J.A. & Buck, D.R. (1978) Relation of tobacco budworm catches in pheromone baited traps to field populations. Southwestern Entomologist 3, 43–51.Google Scholar
Hartstack, A.W. & Witz, J.A. (1981) Estimating field populations of tobacco budworm moths from pheromone trap catches. Environmental Entomology 10, 908–914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hocking, B. (1953) The intrinsic range and speed of flight of insects. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 94, 223–345.Google Scholar
Howell, J.F. (1974) The competitive effect of field populations of codling moth on sex attractant trap efficiency. Environmental Entomology 3, 803–807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendall, M.G. (1973) Time-series. 197 pp. London, Griffin.Google Scholar
Kennedy, J.S. & Marsh, D. (1974) Pheromone-regulated anemotaxis in flying moths. Science 184, 999–1001.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klassen, W., Ridgway, R.L. & Inscoe, M. (1982) Chemical attractants in integrated pest management programs, pp. 13–130in Kydonieus, A.F. & Beroza, M. (Eds) Insect suppression with controlled release pheromone systems, Vol. 1 Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, T. & Macaulay, E.D.M. (1976) Design and evaluation of sex-attractant traps for pea moth, Cydia nigricana (Steph.) and the effect of plume shape on catches. Ecological Entomology 1, 175–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, T. & Taylor, L.R. (1965) Diurnal periodicity of flight by insects. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 116, 393–469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mastro, V.C. (1981) Evaluation of disparlure-baited traps, pp. 549–554in Doane, C.C. & McManus, M.L. (Eds) The gypsy moth: research toward integrated pest management, US Departmènt of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1584, 1-757,Google Scholar
Mastro, V.C.Richerson, J.V. & Cameron, E.A. (1977) An evaluation of gypsy moth pheromone-baited traps using behavioral observations as a measure of trap efficiency. Environmental Entomology 6, 128–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, K. & Oyama, M. (1978) An equation for the competition between pheromone traps and adult females for adult males. Applied Entomology and Zoology 13, 176–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ODell, T.M. & Mastro, V.C. (1980) Crepuscular activity of gypsy moth adults. Environmental Entomology 9, 613–617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, W.P. & Simpson, C.M. (1982) Pest management program for grape series: monitoring and predicting spray dates for the grape berry moth on the Niagara Peninsula. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Factsheet Agdex 212/632, 1–3.Google Scholar
Roeloffs, W.L., Glass, E.H., Tette, J. & Comeau, A. (1970) Sex pheromone trapping for red-banded leaf roller control: theoretical and actual. Journal of Economic Entomology 63, 1162–1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwalbe, C.P. (1979) Using pheromone traps to detect and evaluate populations of the gypsy moth. US Department of Agriculture handbook 544, 1–11.Google Scholar
Taylor, L.R. (1962) The absolute efficiency of insect suction traps. Annals of Applied Biology 50, 405–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, L.R., Brown, E.S. & Littlewood, S.C. (1979) The effect of size on the height of flight of migrant moths. Bulletin of Entomological Research 69, 605–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wall, C. (1990) Principles of monitoring, pp. 9–24. in (Ridgway, R.L., Silverstein, R.M. & Inscoe, M.N. (Eds) Behavior-modifying chemicals for insect management, New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc.Google Scholar
Wall, C. & Perry, J.N. (1980) Effects of spacing and trap number on interactions between pea moth pheromone traps. Entomolgia Experimentalis et Applicata 28, 313–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, C.B. (1951) Comparing the efficiency of insect traps. Bulletin of Entological Research 42, 513–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, C.B., French, R.A. & Hosni, M.M. (1955) A second experiment on testing the relative efficiency of insect traps. Bulletin of Entomological Research 46, 193–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar