Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T00:33:56.157Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Adaptation of fat metabolism to environmental temperature in the newborn pig

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

P. Herpin ,
M. van Os  and
J. Le Dividich
P. Herpin
Affiliation:
NRA, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
M. van Os
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
J. Le Dividich
Affiliation:
NRA, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
Get access

Extract

Susceptibility to cold is usually reported as a major factor involved in the neonatal mortality of piglets (English and Morrison, 1984). Low energy reserves and poor insulation largely contribute to the limited thermoregulatory capacities of the newborn pig (Mersmann, 1974; Curtis, 1974). Glycogen is the predominant source of energy accounting for about 0.6 of the total energy available at birth (Mellor and Cockburn, 1986) but glycogen stores are rapidly depleted after birth. In addition, the total body fat content is very low at birth, ranging from 10 to 20g/kg (Manners and McCrea, 1963). Whereas attempts made to increase the energy stored as fat in the newborn pig by manipulation of the sow diet during late gestation have given variable results (Seerley, 1984), colostrum has proved to be an efficient route for depositing fat and hence for the supply of energy to the piglet during the first postnatal day (Le Dividich, Esnault, Lynch, Hoo-Paris, Castex and Peiniau, 1991). The present study was designed to determine the effects of colostral fat level on the energy and fat metabolism of the newborn piglet when maintained during the 1st day of life at thermal neutrality (34°C) or in the cold (21°C).

A total of 35 newborn Large White pigs averaging 1140 (s.e. 54) g in weight were used. Within each litter five piglets were selected according to their live weight. One was killed in order to determine the initial body composition. The remaining pigs were fitted with umbilical artery catheters and stomach tubes. They were placed in individual cages in closed temperature-controlled chambers maintained at either 34 or 21°C and were fed normal colostrum (60 g fat per kg, NFC) or a colostrum deprived of fat (< 10 g fat per kg, LFC) at the rate of 15 to 18 g per meal per kg birth weight. A total of 24 meals were given at about 65-min intervals.

Type
Abstracts of posters
Information
BSAP Occasional Publication , Volume 15 , 1992 , pp. 197 - 199
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Production 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barré, H., Bailly, L. and Rouanet, J. L. 1987. Increased oxidative capacity in skeletal muscles from cold-acclimated ducklings: a comparison with rats. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 88B: 519–522.Google Scholar
Bass, A., Brediczka, D., Eyer, S. and Pette, D. 1969. Metabolic differentiation of distinct muscle types at the level of enzymatic organisation. European Journal of Biochemistry 10: 198–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiang, S. H., Pettigrew, J. E., Clarke, S. D. and Cornelius, S. G. 1990. Limits of medium-chain and long-chain triacylglycerol utilization by neonatal piglets. Journal of Animal Science 68: 1632–1638.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y., Dorleans, M. and Fehr, P. M. 1977. Mise en évidence d'une activité lipoprotéine lipasique dans le tissu adipeux de chèvre: comparaison de trois méthodes d'extraction. Annales de Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique 17: 107–122.Google Scholar
Curtis, S. E. 1974. Responses of the piglet to perinatal stressors. Journal of Animal Science 38: 1031–1038.Google Scholar
English, P. R. and Morrison, V. 1984. Causes and prevention of piglet mortality. Pigs News and Information 5: 369–375.Google Scholar
Klindth, J. 1986. Porcine growth hormone and prolactine secretion during the first month of life. Growth 50: 516–525.Google Scholar
Le Dividich, J., Esnault, Th., Lynch, B., Hoo-Paris, R., Castex, Ch. and Peiniau, J. 1991. Effect of colostral fat on fat deposition and plasma metabolites in the newborn pig. Journal of Animal Science 69: 2480–2488.Google Scholar
Le Dividich, J. and Noblet, J. 1981. Colostrum intake and thermoregulation in the neonatal pig in relation to environmental temperature. Biology of the Neonate 40: 167–174.Google Scholar
Le Dividich, J. and Noblet, J. 1984. Effect of colostrum intake on metabolic rate and plasma glucose in the neonatal pig in relation to environmental temperature. Biology of the Neonate 46: 98–104.Google Scholar
Manners, M. J. and McCrea, M. 1963. Changes in the chemical composition of sow-reared piglets during the first month of life. British Journal of Nutrition 17: 495–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellor, D. J. and Cockburn, F. 1986. A comparison of energy metabolism in the newborn infant, piglet and lamb. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 71: 361–369.Google Scholar
Mersmann, H. J. 1974. Metabolic patterns in neonatal swine. Journal of Animal Science 38: 1022–1030.Google Scholar
Mersmann, H. J. and Phinney, G. 1973. In vitro fatty acid oxidation in liver and heart from neonatal swine (Sus domesticus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 44B: 219–223.Google Scholar
Miller, G. J., Conrad, J. H., Keenan, T. W. and Featherstone, W. R. 1971. Fatty acid oxidation in young pigs. Journal of Nutrition 101: 1343–1350.Google Scholar
Noblet, J. and Le Dividich, J. 1981. Energy metabolism in the newborn pig during the first 24 h of life. Biology of the Neonate 40: 103–107.Google Scholar
Pégorier, J. P., Duée, P. H., Girard, J. and Peret, J. 1983. Metabolic fate of non-esterified fatty acids in isolated hepatocytes from newborn and young pigs. Evidence for a limited capacity for oxidation and increased capacity for esterification. Biochemical Journal 212: 93–97.Google Scholar
Seerley, R. W. 1984. The use of fat in sow diet. In Fats in animal nutrition (ed. Wiseman, J.), pp. 333–352. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Wolfe, R. G., Maxwell, C. V. and Nelson, E. C. 1978. Effect of age and dietary fat level on fatty acid oxidation in the neonatal pig. Journal of Nutrition 108: 1621–1634.Google Scholar